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on horsemanship(楠瀧宝)-及2何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



become hard´mouthed on one side。 

     ��20�А�Or�察 �whose bars are not equally sensitive。; 

     Again�察�a prominent rather than a sunken eye is suggestive of alertness�察�



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and a horse of this type will have a wider range of vision。 

     And so of   the nostrils�此 �a wide´dilated nostril is   at once better than   a 

contracted one for respiration�察�and gives the animal a fiercer aspect。 Note 

how�察�for instance�察�when one stallion is enraged against another�察�or when 

his spirit chafes in being ridden�撮�21�А�the nostrils at once become dilated。 

     ��21�А�Or�察 �in the racecourse or on the exercising´ground how readily he 

distends his nostrils。; 

     A  comparatively   large   crest   and   small   ears   give   a   more   typical   and 

horse´like   appearance   to   the   head�察  �whilst   lofty   withers   again   allow   the 

rider a surer seat and a stronger adhesion between the shoulders and the 

body。��22�А�

     ��22�А   �Or   if  with   L。  D。   �В�kai   to  somati���В察   �transl。   ;adhesion     to  the 

horse's shoulders。; 

     A ;double spine�察┌�23�А�again�察�is at once softer to sit on than a single�察�

and more pleasing to the eye。 So�察�too�察�a fairly deep side somewhat rounded 

towards   the   belly��24�А  �will   render   the   animal   at   once   easier   to   sit   and 

stronger�察�and as a general rule better able to digest his food。��25�А�

     ��23�А  �Reading   after   Courier   ��rakhis   ge   men��。   See   Virg。   ;Georg。;   iii。 

87�察 �at duplex agitur per lumbos spina。; ;In a horse that is in                         good 

case�察�the back is broad�察�and the spine does not stick up like                       a ridge�察�

but forms a kind of furrow on the back; ��John Martyn���察 �a                        full back�察─�

as we say。 

     ��24�А  �Or�察   �in   proportion   to。;   See   Courier   �─�Du   Commandement   de   la 

Cavalerie at de l'Equitation;�此�deux livres de Xenophon�察�traduits                          par 

un officier d'artillerie a cheval���察�note ad loc。 p。 83。 

     ��25�А�i。e。 ;and keep in good condition。; 

     The broader and shorter the loins the more easily will the horse raise 

his   forequarters   and   bring   up   his   hindquarters   under   him。   Given   these 

points�察�moreover�察�the belly will appear as small as possible�察�a portion of 

the body which if large is partly a disfigurement and partly tends to make 

the horse less strong and capable of carrying weight。��26�А�

     ��26�А�Al。 ;more feeble at once and ponderous in his gait。; 



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     The   quarters   should   be   broad   and   fleshy  in   correspondence   with   the 

sides and chest�察�and if they are also firm and solid throughout they will be 

all the lighter for the racecourse�察�and will render the horse in every way 

more fleet。 

     To   come   to   the   thighs   ��and   buttocks���今�27�А  �if   the   horse   have   these 

separated by a broad line of demarcation��28�А�he will be able to plant his 

hind´legs   under  him  with   a  good gap between�撮�29�А �and   in so doing   will 

assume a posture��30�А�and a gait in action at once prouder and more firmly 

balanced�察�and in every way appear to the best advantage。 

     ��27�А�Lit。 ;the thighs beneath the tail。; 

     ��28�А    �Reading      ��plateia    to   gramme       diorismenous        ekhe���察   �sc。   the 

perineum。            Al。 Courier ��after Apsyrtus���察�op。 cit。 p。 14�察。�plateis te kai 

me          diestrammenous���察 �broad and not turned outwards。; 

     ��29�А�Or�察 �he will be sure to spread well behind�察─�etc。 

     ��30�А  。�ton   upobasin���察  �tech。   of   the   crouching   posture   assumed   by   the 

horse     for  mounting      or   ;in  doing    the   demi´passade;       ��so   Morgan�察     �op。 

cit。 p。 126��。 

     The   human   subject   would   seem   to   point   to   this   conclusion。  When   a 

man   wants   to   lift   anything   from   off   the   ground   he   essays   to   do   so   by 

bringing the legs apart and not by bringing them together。 

     A horse ought not to have large testicles�察�though that is not a point to 

be determined in the colt。 

     And   now�察  �as   regards   the   lower   parts�察  �the   hocks�撮�31�А  �or   shanks   and 

fetlocks   and   hoofs�察  �we   have   only   to   repeat   what   has   been   said   already 

about those of the fore´legs。 

     ��31�А。�ton katothen astragelon�察�e knemon���察�lit。 ;the under ��or hinder�殖� 

knuckle´bones ��hocks�殖� or shins;�察�i。e。 anatomically speaking�察�the                            os 

calcis�察�astragalus�察�tarsals�察�and metatarsal large and small。 

     I   will  here   note    some    indications     by   which    one   may   forecast     the 

probable size of the grown animal。 The colt with the longest shanks at the 

moment of being foaled will grow into the biggest horse�察�the fact being 

and it holds of all the domestic quadrupeds��32��that with advance of time 



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the legs hardly increase at all�察�while the rest of the body grows uniformly 

up to these�察�until it has attained its proper symmetry。 

     ��32�А  �Cf。   Aristot。   ;de   Part。   Anim。;   iv。   10�察   �H。   A。;   ii。   1�察 �Plin。  ;N。 

H。; xi。 108。 

     Such is the type��33�А�of colt and such the tests to be applied�察�with every 

prospect of getting a sound´footed�察�strong�察�and fleshy animal fine of form 

and large of stature。 If changes in some instances develop during growth�察�

that need not prevent us from applying our tests in confidence。 It far more 

often happens that an ugly´looking colt will turn out serviceable�撮�34�А�than 

that a foal of the above description will turn out ugly or defective。 

     ��33�А �Lit。  ;by  testing the   shape   of the   colt in   this   way  it   seems   to   us 

the purchaser will get�察─�etc。 

     ��34�А�For the vulg。 ��eukhroastoi���察�a doubtful word = ;well coloured�察─�

i。e。   ;sleek    and   healthy�察─   �L。   &   S。   would     read   ��eukhrooi��      ��cf。   ;Pol。 

Lac。;       v。    8��。    L。    Dind。      conj。     ��enrostoi���察       �robust;�察     �Schneid。 

��eukhrestoi���察 �serviceable。; 



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                                                 II 



     The     right   method     of  breaking     a   colt  needs    no   description     at  our 

hands。��1�А     �As   a  matter    of   state  organisation�撮�2�А      �cavalry    duties   usually 

devolve      upon    those    who    are   not   stinted   in   means�察    �and   who    have    a 

considerable   share   in   the   government�撮�3�А  �and   it   seems   far   better   for   a 

young man to give heed to his own health of body and to horsemanship�察�or�察�

if he already knows how to ride with skill�察�to practising manouvres�察�than 

that he should set up as a trainer of horses。��4�А�The older man has his town 

property and his friends�察�and the hundred´and´ one concerns of state or of 

war�察    �on    which     to   employ      his   time    and    energies     rather    than    on 

horsebreaking。  It   is   plain   then   that   any  one   holding   my   views��5�А  �on   the 

subject will put a young horse out to be broken。 But in so doing he ought 

to draw up articles�察�just as a father does when he apprentices his son   to 

some art or handicraft�察�stating what sort of knowledge the young creature 

is to be sent back possessed of。 These will serve as indications��6�А�to the 

trainer what points he must pay special heed to if he is to earn his fee。 At 

the same time pains should be taken on the owner's part to see that the colt 

is gentle�察�tractable�察�and affectionate�撮�7�А�when delivered to the professional 

trainer。   That   is   a   condition   of   things   which   for   the   most   part   may   be 

brought   about   at   home   and   by   the   groomif   he   knows   how   to   let   the 

animal      connect��8�А    �hunger     and   thirst   and   the   annoyance      of   flies  with 

solitude�察  �whilst   associating   food   and   drink   and   escape   from   sources   of 

irritation    with    the   presence     of  man。    As    the   result   of  this   treatment�察�

necessarily   the   young   horse   will   acquirenot   fondness   merely�察  �but   an 

absolute craving for human beings。 A good deal can be done by touching�察�

stroking�察�patting those parts of the body which the creature likes to have so 

handled。      These    are   the   hairiest   parts�察  �or   where�察   �if  there   is  anything 

annoying him�察�the horse can least of all apply relief himself。 

     ��1�А  �Or�察   �The   training   of   the   colt   is   a   topic   which�察  �as   it   seems   to   us�察�



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may fairly be omitted�察�since those appointed for cavalry service                             in 

these states are persons who�察─�etc。 For reading see Courier�察                         �Notes�察─�

p。 84。 

     ��2�А �Organisation in the several states。; 

     ��3�А   �Or�察  �As    a  matter    of  fact   it  is  the  wealthiest    members       of  the 

state�察  �and   those   who   have   the   largest   stake   in   civic   life�察  �that       are 

appointed to cavalry duties。; See ;Hippparch�察─�i。 9。 

     ��4�А�Cf。 ;Econ。; iii。 10。 

     ��5�А。�ego��。 Hitherto the author has used the plural ��emin�� with which 

he started。 

     ��6�А�Reading   ��upodeigmata���察  �finger´post signs�察─  �as it   were�察�or   ;draft 

in outline;�察�al。 ��upomnemata�� = ;memoranda。; 

     ��7�А �Gentle�察�and accustomed to the hand�察�and fond of man。; 

     ��8�А  �Lit。   ;if  he   knows    how   to   provi
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��