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on horsemanship(楠瀧宝)-及3何蛍
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��7�А �Gentle�察�and accustomed to the hand�察�and fond of man。;
��8�А �Lit。 ;if he knows how to provide that hunger and thirst�察 �etc。�察�
should be felt by the colt in solitude�察 �whilst food and drink�察 �etc。�察�
come through help of man。;
The groom should have standing orders to take his charge through
crowds�察�and to make him familiar with all sorts of sights and noises�察�and if
the colt shows sign of apprehension at them�撮�9�А�he must teach himnot by
cruel�察�but by gentle handlingthat they are not really formidable。
��9�А�Or�察 �is disposed to shy。;
On this topic�察�then�察�of training�撮�10�А�the rules here given will�察�I think�察�
suffice for any private individual。
��10�А �Or�察 �In reference to horsebreaking�察 �the above remarks will
perhaps be found sufficient for the practical guidance of an amateur。;
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On Horsemanship
III
To meet the case in which the object is to buy a horse already fit for
riding�察 �we will set down certain memoranda�撮�1�А �which�察 �if applied
intelligently�察�may save the purchaser from being cheated。
��1�А �Which the purchaser should lay to heart�察�if he does not wish to
be cheated。;
First�察�then�察�let there be no mistake about the age。 If the horse has lost
his mark teeth�撮�2�А�not only will the purchaser's hopes be blighted�察�but he
may find himself saddled for ever with a sorry bargain。��3�А�
��2�А �Or�察 �the milk teeth�察─ �i。e。 is more than five years old。 See
Morgan�察�p。 126。
��3�А �Lit。 ;a horse that has lost his milk teeth cannot be said to
gladden his owner's mind with hopes�察 �and is not so easily disposed
of。;
Given that the fact of youth is well established�察�let there be no mistake
about another matter�此 �how does he take the bit into his mouth and the
headstall��4�А�over his ears�拭�There need be little ambiguity on this score�察�if
the purchaser will see the bit inserted and again removed�察�under his eyes。
Next�察�let it be carefully noted how the horse stands being mounted。 Many
horses are extremely loath to admit the approach of anything which�察 �if
once accepted�察�clearly means to them enforced exertion。
��4�А。�koruphaia���察�part of the ��khalinos�� gear。
Another point to ascertain is whether the horse�察�when mounted�察�can be
induced to leave other horses�察�or when being ridden past a group of horses
standing�察�will not bolt off to join the company。 Some horses again�察�as the
result of bad training�察�will run away from the exercising´ground and make
for the stable。 A hard mouth may be detected by the exercise called the
��pede�� or volte�撮�5�А�and still more so by varying the direction of the volte
to right or left。 Many horses will not attempt to run away except for the
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On Horsemanship
concurrence of a bad mouth along with an avenue of escape home。��6�А�
��5�А �See Sturz�察 �s。v。�察 �Pollux�察 �i。 219。 Al。 ;the longe�察─ �but the passage
below ��vii。 14�� is suggestive rather of the volte。
��6�А�Al。 ;will only attempt to bolt where the passage out towards home
combines�察�as it were�察�with a bad mouth。; ��e 。 。 。 ekphora�� = ;the exit
from the manege or riding school。;
Another point which it is necessary to learn is�察�whether when let go at
full speed the horse can be pulled up��7�А �sharp and is willing to wheel
round in obedience to the rein。
��7�А 。�analambanetai���察 �come to the poise; ��Morgan��。 For
��apostrephesthai�� see ix。6�察�tech。 ;caracole。;
It is also well to ascertain by experience if the horse you propose to
purchase will show equal docility in response to the whip。 Every one
knows what a useless thing a servant is�察�or a body of troops�察�that will not
obey。 A disobedient horse is not only useless�察�but may easily play the part
of an arrant traitor。
And since it is assumed that the horse to be purchased is intended for
war�察 �we must widen our test to include everything which war itself can
bring to the proof�此�such as leaping ditches�察�scrambling over walls�察�scaling
up and springing off high banks。 We must test his paces by galloping him
up and down steep pitches and sharp inclines and along a slant。 For each
and all of these will serve as a touchstone to gauge the endurance of his
spirit and the soundness of his body。
I am far from saying�察�indeed�察�that because an animal fails to perform
all these parts to perfection�察�he must straightway be rejected�察�since many a
horse will fall short at first�察�not from inability�察�but from want of experience。
With teaching�察�practice�察�and habit�察�almost any horse will come to perform
all these feats beautifully�察�provided he be sound and free from vice。 Only
you must beware of a horse that is naturally of a nervous temperament。 An
over´timorous animal will not only prevent the rider from using the
vantage´ground of its back to strike an enemy�察 �but is as likely as not to
bring him to earth himself and plunge him into the worst of straits。
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On Horsemanship
We must�察 �also�察 �find out of the horse shows any viciousness towards
other horses or towards human beings�察�also�察�whether he is skittish�撮�8�А�such
defects are apt to cause his owner trouble。
��8�А�Or�察 �very ticklish。;
As to any reluctance on the horse's part to being bitted or mounted�察�
dancing and twisting about and the rest�撮�9�А�you will get a more exact idea
on this score�察 �if�察 �when he has gone through his work�察 �you will try and
repeat the precise operations which he went through before you began
your ride。 Any horse that having done his work shows a readiness to
undergo it all again�察 �affords sufficient evidence thereby of spirit and
endurance。
��9�А �Reading ��talla dineumata���察 �lit。 ;and the rest of his twistings and
twirlings about。;
To put the matter in a nutshell�此�given that the horse is sound´footed�察�
gentle�察 �moderately fast�察 �willing and able to undergo toil�察 �and above all
things��10�А�obedientsuch an animal�察�we venture to predict�察�will give the
least trouble and the greatest security to his rider in the circumstances of
war�察�while�察�conversely�察�a beast who either out of sluggishness needs much
driving�察�or from excess of mettle much coaxing and manouvring�察�will give
his rider work enough to occupy both his hands and a sinking of the heart
when dangers thicken。
��10�А�Al。 ;thoroughly。;
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On Horsemanship
IV
We will now suppose the purchaser has found a horse which he
admires�撮�1�А�the purchase is effected�察�and he has brought him homehow is
he to be housed�拭�It is best that the stable should be placed in a quarter of
the establishment where the master will see the horse as often as
possible。��2�А�It is a good thing also to have his stall so arranged that there
will be as little risk of the horse's food being stolen from the manger�察�as of
the master's from his larder or store´ closet。 To neglect a detail of this kind
is surely to neglect oneself�察�since in the hour of danger�察�it is certain�察�the
owner has to consign himself�察 �life and limb�察 �to the safe keeping of his
horse。
��1�А�Lit。 ;To proceed�此�when you have bought a horse which you admire
and have brought him home。;
��2�А�i。e。 ;where he will be brought as frequently as possible under the
master's eye。; Cf。 ;Econ。; xii。 20。
Nor is it only to avoid the risk of food being stolen that a secure horse´
box is desirable�察 �but for the further reason that if the horse takes to
scattering his food�察 �the action is at once detected�察 �and any one who
observes that happening may take it as a sign and symptom either of too
much blood�撮�3�А �which calls for veterinary aid�察 �or of over´fatigue�察 �for
which rest is the cure�察�or else that an attack of indigestion��4�А�or some other
malady is coming on。 And just as with human beings�察�so with the horse�察�all
diseases are more curable at their commencement��5�А�than after they have
become chronic�察�or been wrongly treated。��6�А�
��3�А �A plethoric condition of the blood。;
��4�А 。�krithiasis��。 Lit。 ;barley surfeit;�察 �une fourbure。; See Aristot。
;H。 A。; viii。 24。 4。
��5�А�i。e。 ;in the early acute stages。;
��6�А�Al。 ;and the mischief has spread。;
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On Horsemanship
But if food and exercise with a view to strengthening the horse's body
are matters of prime consideration�察�no less important is it to pay attention
to the feet。 A stable with a damp and smooth floor will spoil the best hoof
which nature can give。��7�А�To prevent the floor being damp�察�it should be
sloped with channels�察�and to avoid smoothness�察�paved wi
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