嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
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on horsemanship(楠瀧宝)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



sloped with channels�察�and to avoid smoothness�察�paved with cobble stones 

sunk side by side in the ground and similar in size to the horse's hoofs。��8�А�

A stable floor of this sort is calculated to strengthen the horse's feet by the 

mere   pressure   on   the   part   in   standing。   In   the   next   place   it   will   be   the 

groom's business to lead out the horse somewhere to comb and curry him�察�

and after his morning's feed to unhalter him from the manger�撮�9�А�so that he 

may come to his evening meal with greater relish。 To secure the best type 

of stable´yard�察�and with a view to strengthening the horse's feet�察�I would 

suggest to take and throw down loosely��10�А�four or five waggon loads of 

pebbles�察�each as large as can be grasped in the hand�察�and about a pound in 

weight�察  �the   whole   to   be   fenced   round   with   a   skirting   of   iron   to   prevent 

scattering。   The   mere   standing   on   these   will   come   to   precisely   the   same 

thing   as   if   for   a   certain   portion   of   the   day   the   horse   were�察  �off   and   on�察�

stepping along a stony road�察�whilst being curried or when fidgeted by flies 

he will be forced to use his hoofs just as much as if he were walking。 Nor 

is   it   the   hoofs   merely�察  �but   a   surface   so   strewn   with   stones   will   tend   to 

harden the frog of the foot also。 

     ��7�А�Lit。 ;A damp and smooth floor may be the ruin of a naturally good 

hoof。; It will be understood that the Greeks did not shoe their                       horses。 

     ��8�А�See Courier�察�p。 54�察�for an interesting experiment tried by himself 

at Bari。 

     ��9�А�Cf。 ;Hipparch�察─�i。 16。 

     ��10�А�Or�察 �spread so as to form a surface。; 

     But if care is needed to make the hoofs hard�察�similar pains should be 

taken     to  make     the   mouth     and    jaws    soft�察 �and    the   same    means     and 

appliances   which   will   render   a   man's   flesh   and   skin   soft�察  �will   serve   to 

soften and supple a horse's mouth。��11�А�

     ��11�А   �Or�察   �may    be   used    with   like   effect   on  a   horse's   mouth�察─    �i。e。 



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bathing�察�friction�察�oil。 See Pollux�察�i。 201。 



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                                              V 



     It is   the duty  of a  horseman�察 �as we  think�察�to   have his   groom  trained 

thoroughly in all that concerns the treatment of the horse。 In the first place�察�

then�察�the groom should know that he is never to knot the halter��1�А�at the 

point   where   the   headstall   is   attached   to   the   horse's   head。   By   constantly 

rubbing his head against the manger�察�if the halter does not sit quite loose 

about his ears�察�the horse will be constantly injuring himself�撮�2�А�and with 

sores   so   set   up�察  �it   is   inevitable   that   he   should   show   peevishness�察  �while 

being bitted or rubbed down。            ��1�А�Lit。 ;by which the horse is tied to the 

manger;�察 �licol d'ecurie。; 

     ��2�А  �Al。   ;in   nine   cases   out   of   ten   he   rubs   his   head   。   。   。   and   ten   to 

one will make a sore。; 

     It is desirable that the groom should be ordered to carry out the dung 

and litter of the horse to some one place each day。 By so doing�察�he will 

discharge the duty with least trouble to himself�撮�3�А�and at the same time be 

doing the horse a kindness。 

     ��3�А�Al。 ;get rid of the refuse in the easiest way。; 

     The groom should also be instructed to attach the muzzle to the horse's 

mouth�察    �both   when    taking    him   out  to  be   groomed     and   to  the   rolling´ 

ground。��4�А�In   fact   he   should   always   muzzle   him  whenever he takes him 

anywhere       without    the   bit。  The   muzzle�察    �while   it  is  no   hindrance    to 

respiration�察�prevents biting�察�and when attached it serves to rob the horse of 

opportunity for vice。��5�А�

     ��4�А�Cf。 ;Econ。; xi。 18�察�Aristoph。 ;Clouds�察─�32。 

     ��5�А�Or�察 �prevents the horse from carrying out vicious designs。; 

     Again�察�care should be taken to tie the horse up with the halter above 

his head。 A horse's natural instinct�察�in trying to rid himself of anything that 

irritates the face�察�is to toss up his head�察�and by this upward movement�察�if 

so tied�察�he only slackens the chain instead of snapping it。 In rubbing the 



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horse down�察�the groom should begin with the head and mane�察�as until the 

upper parts are clean�察�it is vain to cleanse the lower�察�then�察�as regards the 

rest   of  the   body�察  �first  brush   up   the   hair�察 �by  help   of   all  the  ordinary 

implements for cleansing�察�and then beat out the dust�察�following the lie of 

the hair。 The hair on the spine ��and dorsal region�� ought not to be touched 

with any instrument whatever�察�the hand alone should be used to rub and 

smooth it�察�and in the direction of its natural growth�察�so as to preserve from 

injury that part of the horse's back on which the rider sits。 

     The   head   should   be   drenched   with   water   simply�察  �for�察  �being   bony�察  �if 

you try to cleanse it with iron or wooden instruments injury may be caused。 

So�察�too�察�the forelock should be merely wetted�察�the long hairs of which it is 

composed�察�without hindering the animal's vision�察�serve to scare away from 

the    eyes    anything     that   might     trouble    them。    Providence�察     �we    must 

suppose�撮�6�А�bestowed these hairs upon the horse�察�instead of the large ears 

which are given to the ass and the mule as a protection to the eyes。��7�А�The 

tail�察�again�察�and mane should be washed�察�the object being to help the hairs 

to   growthose   in   the   tail   so   as   to   allow   the   creature   the   greatest   reach 

possible in brushing away molesting objects�撮�8�А�and those of the neck in 

order that the rider may have as free a grip as possible。 

     ��6�А�Lit。 ;The gods�察�we must suppose�察�gave 。 。 。; 

     ��7�А�Lit。 ;as defences or protective bulwarks。; 

     ��8�А�Insects�察�etc。 

     Mane�察�forelock�察�and tail are triple gifts bestowed by the gods upon the 

horse for the sake of pride and ornament�撮�9�А�and here is the proof�此�a brood 

mare�察  �so   long   as   her   mane   is   long   and   flowing�察  �will   not   readily   suffer 

herself to be covered by an ass�察�hence breeders of mules take care to clip 

the mane of the mare with a view to covering。��10�А�

     ��9�А。�aglaias eneka�� ��a poetic word��。 Cf。 ;Od。; xv。 78�察�xvii。 310。 

     ��10�А  �For   this   belief   Schneid。   cf   Aristot。   ;H。   A。;   vi。   18�察  �Plin。   viii。 

42�察�Aelian�察 �H。 A。; ii。 10�察�xi。 18�察�xii。 16�察�to which Dr。 Morgan                       aptly 

adds Soph。 ;Fr。; 587 ��Tyro���察�a beautiful passage�察。�komes de                         penthos 

lagkhano polou diken�察�k。t。l。�� ��cf。 Plut。 ;Mor。; 754 A��。 



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     Washing of the legs we are inclined to dispense withno good is done 

but   rather   harm   to   the   hoofs   by   this   daily   washing。   So�察  �too�察  �excessive 

cleanliness of the belly is to be discouraged�察�the operation itself is most 

annoying to the horse�察�and the cleaner these parts are made�察�the thicker the 

swarm   of   troublesome   things   which   collect   beneath   the   belly。   Besides 

which�察�however elaborately you clean these parts�察�the horse is no sooner 

led out than presently he will be just as dirty as if he had not been cleaned。 

Omit these ablutions then�察�we say�察�and similarly for the legs�察�rubbing and 

currying by hand is quite sufficient。 



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                                             VI 



     We     will  now     explain    how    the   operation    of   grooming      may    be 

performed with least danger to oneself and best advantage to the horse。 If 

the groom attempts to clean the horse with his face turned the same way as 

the horse�察�he runs the risk of getting a knock in the face from the animal's 

knee or hoof。 When cleaning him he should turn his face in the opposite 

direction to the horse�察�and planting himself well out of the way of his leg�察�

at an angle to his shoulder´blade�察�proceed to rub him down。 He will then 

escape all mischief�察�and he will be able to clean the frog by folding back 

the hoof。 Let him clean the hind´legs in the same way。 

     The man who has to do with the horse should know�察�with regard to this 

and all   other  necessary  operations�察 �that he ought to   approach   as little  as 

possible from the head or the tail to perform them�察�for if the horse attempt 

to show vice he is master of the man in front and rear。 But by approaching 

from the side he will get the greatest hold over the horse with the least risk 

of injury to himself。 

     When the horse has to be led�察�we do not approve of leading him from 

in front�察�for the simple reason that the person so leading him robs himself 

of his power of self´protection�察�whilst he leaves the horse freedom to do 

what he likes。 On the other hand�察�we take a like exception to the plan of 

training the horse to go forward on a long rein��1�А�and lead the way�察�and for 

this   reason�此  �it   gives   the   horse the   opportunity  of   mischief�察 �in   whichever 

direction he likes�察�on either flank�察�and the power also to turn right about 

and face his driver。 How can a troop of horses be kept free of one another�察�

if driven in this fashion from behind��whereas a horse accustomed to be 

led from the side will have l
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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