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memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v2-及3何蛍
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Bonaparte�察�pausing before the gates of Turin�察�Parma�察�Rome�察�and
Vienna�察�offering peace when he was sure of obtaining nothing but
fresh triumphsBonaparte�察�whose every operation exhibits respect
for religion�察�morality�察�and old age�察�who�察�instead of heaping�察�as he
might have done�察�dishonour upon the Venetians�察�and humbling their
republic to the earth�察�loaded her with acts of kindness�察�and took
such great interest in her gloryis this the same Bonaparte who is
accused of destroying the ancient Government of Venice�察�and
democratising Genoa�察�and even of interfering in the affairs of the
prudent and worthy people of the Swiss Cantons�拭 �Bonaparte had
passed the Tagliamento�察�and entered Germany�察�when insurrections
broke out in the Venetian States�察�these insurrections were��
therefore�察�opposed to Bonaparte's project�察�surely�察�then�察�he could
not favour them。 When he was in the heart of Germany the Venetians
massacred more than four hundred French troops�察�drove their quarters
out of Verona�察�assassinated the unfortunate Laugier�察�and presented
the spectacle of a fanatical party in arms。 He returned to Italy��
and on his arrival�察�as the winds cease their agitation at the
presence of Neptune�察�the whole of Italy�察�which was in commotion��
which was in arms�察�was restored to order。
However�察�the deputies from Bonaparte drew up different articles
conformable to the situation of the country�察�and in order to
prevent�察�not a revolution in the Government�察�for the Government was
defunct�察�and had died a natural death�察�but a crisis�察�and to save the
city from convulsion�察�anarchy�察�and pillage。 Bonaparte spared a
division of his army to save Venice from pillage and massacre。 All
the battalions were in the streets of Venice�察�the disturbers were
put down�察�and the pillage discontinued。 Property and trade were
preserved�察�when General Baragney d'Hilliers entered Venice with his
division。 Bonaparte�察�as usual�察�spared blood�察�and was the protector
of Venice。 Whilst the French troops remained they conducted
themselves peaceably�察�and only interfered to support the provisional
Government。
Bonaparte could not say to the deputies of Venice�察�who came to ask
his protection and assistance against the populace�察�who wished to
plunder them�察 �I cannot meddle with your affairs。; He could not say
this�察�for Venice�察�and all its territories�察�had really formed the
theatre of war�察�and�察�being in the rear of the army of Italy�察�the
Republic of Venice was really under the jurisdiction of that army。
The rights of war confer upon a general the powers of supreme police
over the countries which are the seat of war。 As the great
Frederick said�察 �There are no neutrals where there is war。;
Ignorant advocates and babblers have asked�察�in the Club of Clichy��
why we occupy the territory of Venice。 These declaimers should
learn war�察�and they would know that the Adige�察�the Brenta�察�and the
Tagliamento�察�where we have been fighting for two years�察�are within
the Venetian States。 But�察�gentlemen of Clichy�察�we are at no loss to
perceive your meaning。 You reproach the army of Italy for having
surmounted all difficultiesfor subduing all Italy for having twice
passed the Alpsfor having marched on Vienna�察�and obliged Austria
to acknowledge the Republic that�察�you�察�men of Clichy�察�would destroy。
You accuse Bonaparte�察�I see clearly�察�for having brought about peace。
But I know you�察�and I speak in the name of eighty thousand soldiers。
The time is gone when base advocates and wretched declaimers could
induce soldiers to revolt。 If�察�however�察�yon compel them�察�the
soldiers of the army of Italy will soon appear at the Barrier of
Clichy�察�with their General。 But woe unto you if they do��
Bonaparte having arrived at Palma´Nova�察�issued a manifesto on the 2d
of May 1797。 Arrived at Mestre�察�where he posted his troops�察�the
Government sent three deputies to him�察�with a decree of the Great
Council�察�without Bonaparte having solicited it and without his
having thought of making any change in the Government of that
country�此�The governor of Venice was an old man�察�ninety´nine years´of
age�察�confined by illness to his apartment。 Everyone felt the
necessity of renovating this Government of twelve hundred years'
existence�察�and to simplify its machinery�察�in order to preserve its
independence�察�honour�察�and glory。 It was necessary to deliberate��
first�察�on the manner of renovating the Government�察�secondly�察�on the
means of atoning for the massacre of the French�察�the iniquity of
which every one was sensible。。
Bonaparte�察�after having received the deputation at Mestre�察�told them
that in order to obtain satisfaction�察�for the assassination of his
brethren is arms�察�he wished the Great Council to arrest the
inquisitors。 He afterwards granted them an armistice�察�and appointed
Milan as the place of conference。 The deputies arrived at Milan on
the 。 。 。 A negotiation commenced to re´establish harmony between
the Governments。 However�察�anarchy�察�with all its horrors�察�afflicted
the city of Venice。 Ten thousand Sclavonians threatened to pillage
the shops。 Bonaparte acquiesced in the proposition submitted by the
deputies�察�who promised to verify the loss which had been sustained
by pillage。
Bonaparte also addressed a manifesto to the Doge�察�which appeared in all
the public papers。 It contained fifteen articles of complaint�察�and was
followed by a decree ordering the French Minister to leave Venice�察�the
Venetian agents to leave Lombard�察�and the Lion of St。 Mark to be pulled
down in all the Continental territories of Venice。
The General´in´Chief now openly manifested his resolution of marching on
Paris�察�and this disposition�察�which was well known in the army�察�was soon
communicated to Vienna。 At this period a letter from the Emperor Francis
II。 to his brother�察�the Grand Duke of Tuscany�察�was intercepted by
Bonaparte。 I translated the letter�察�which proved to him that Francis II。
was acquainted with his project。 He likewise saw with pleasure the
assurances which the Emperor gave his brother of his love of peace�察�as
well as the wavering of the imperial resolves�察�and the incertitude
respecting the fate of the Italian princes�察�which the Emperor easily
perceived to depend on Bonaparte。 The Emperor's letter was as follows��
MY DEAR BROTHERI punctually received your third letter�察�containing
a description of your unhappy and delicate situation。 You may be
assured that I perceive it as clearly as you do yourself�察�and I pity
you the more because�察�in truth�察�I do not know what advice to give
you。 You are�察�like me�察�the victim of the former inactivity of the
princes of Italy�察�who ought�察�at once�察�to have acted with all their
united forces�察�while I still possessed Mantua。 If Bonaparte's
project be�察�as I learn�察�to establish republics in Italy�察�this is
likely to end in spreading republicanism over the whole country。 I
have already commenced negotiations for peace�察�and the preliminaries
are ratified。 If the French observe them as strictly as I do�察�and
will do�察�then your situation will be improved�察�but already the
French are beginning to disregard them。 The principal problem which
remains to be solved is�察�whether the French Directory approve of
Bonaparte's proceedings�察�and whether the latter�察�as appears by some
papers distributed through his army�察�is not disposed to revolt
against his country�察�which also seems to be probable�察�from his
severe conduct towards Switzerland�察�notwithstanding the assurances
of the Directory�察�that he had been ordered to leave the country
untouched。 If this should be the case�察�new and innumerable
difficulties may arise。 Under these circumstances I can�察�at
present�察�advise nothing�察�for�察�as to myself�察�it is only time and the
circumstances of the moment which can point out how I am to act。
There is nothing new here。 We are all well�察�but the heat is
extraordinary。 Always retain your friendship and love for me。
Make my compliments to your wife�察�and believe me ever
Your best Friend and Brother��
FRANCIS。
HETZENDORF�察�July 20�察�1797。
CHAPTER VII。
1797。
Unfounded reportsCarnotCapitulation of MantuaGeneral Clarke
The Directory yields to BonaparteBerthierArrival of Eugene
Beauharnais at MilanComte Delannay d'EntraiguesHis interview
with BonaparteSeizure of his papersCopy of one describing a
conversation between him and Comte de MontgaillardThe Emperor
FrancisThe Prince de Conde and General Pichegru。
While Bonaparte was expressing his opinion on his campaigns and the
injustice with which they had been criticised�察�it was generally believed
that Carnot dictated to him from a closet in the Luxembourg all the plans
of his operations�察�and that Berthier was at his right hand�察�without whom��
notwithstanding Carnot's plans�察�which were often mere romances�察�he would
have been greatly embarrassed。 This twofold misrepresentation was very
current for some time�察�and�察�notwithstanding it was contrary to the
evidence of facts�察�it met with much credence�察�particularly abroad。 There
was�察�however�察�no foundation for the opinion�此�Let us render to Caesar that
which is Caesar's due。 Bonaparte was a creator in the art of war�察�and no
imitator。 That no man was superior to him in that art is incontestable。
At the commencement of the glorious campaign in Italy the Directory
certainly sent out instructions to him�察�but he always followed his own
plans�察�and continually�察�wrote back that all would be lost if movements
conceived at a distance from the scene of action were to be blindly
executed。 He also offered to resign。 At length the Directory perceived
the impossibility of prescribing operations of wa
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