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memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v7-及15何蛍

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     descent of the crown in default of Napoleon's children was limited
     to Joseph and Louis and their descendants�察�but the power of adoption
     was given to Napoleon。  The draft of the 'Senates´consulte' was
     heard by the Council of State in silence�察�and Napoleon tried in vain
     to get even the most talkative of the members now to speak。  The
     Senate were not unanimous in rendering the 'Senatus´consulte'。  The
     three votes given against it were said to have been Gregoire�察�the
     former constitutional Bishop of Blois�察�Carat�察�who as Minister of
     Justice had read to Louis XVI。 the sentence of death�察�and
     Lanjuinais�察�one of the very few survivors of the Girondists�察�Thiers
     says there was only one dissentient voice。  For the fury of the
     brothers of Napoleon�察�who saw the destruction of all their ambitions
     hopes in any measure for the descent of the crown except in the
     family�察�see Miot�察�tome ii。  p。。  172�察�where Joseph is described as
     cursing the ambition of his brother�察�and desiring his death as a
     benefit for France and his family。��

Bonaparte's first act as Emperor�察�on the very day of his elevation to the
Imperial throne�察�was the nomination of Joseph to the dignity of Grand
Elector�察�with the title of Imperial Highness。  Louis was raised to the
dignity of Constable�察�with the same title�察�and Cambaceres and Lebrun were
created Arch´Chancellor and Arch´Treasurer of the Empire。  On the same
day Bonaparte wrote the following letter to Cambaceres�察�the first which
he signed as Emperor�察�and merely with the name of Napoleon��

     CITIZEN CONSUL CAMBACERESYour title has changed�察�but your
     functions and my confidence remain the same。  In the high dignity
     with which you are now invested you will continue to manifest�察�as
     you have hitherto done in that of Consul�察�that wisdom and that
     distinguished talent which entitle you to so important a share in
     all the good which I may have effected。  I have�察�therefore�察�only to
     desire the continuance of the sentiments you cherish towards the
     State and me。

     Given at the Palace of St。 Cloud�察�28th Floreal�察�an XII。
     ��18th May 1804��。
                                             ��Signed�� NAPOLEON。

     By the Emperor。
     H。 B。 MARET。

I have quoted this first letter of the Emperor because it is
characteristic of Bonaparte's art in managing transitions。  It was to the
Citizen Consul that the Emperor addressed himself�察�and it was dated
according to the Republican calendar。  That calendar�察�together with the
delusive inscription on the coin�察�were all that now remained of the
Republic。  Next day the Emperor came to Paris to hold a grand levee at
the Tuileries�察�for he was not the man to postpone the gratification that
vanity derived from his new dignity and title。  The assembly was more
numerous and brilliant than on any former occasion。  Bessieres having
addressed the Emperor on the part of the Guards�察�the Emperor replied in
the following terms�此 �I know the sentiments the Guards cherish towards
me。  I repose perfect confidence in their courage and fidelity。  I
constantly see�察�with renewed pleasure�察�companions in arms who have
escaped so many dangers�察�and are covered with so many honourable wounds。
I experience a sentiment of satisfaction when I look at the Guards�察�and
think that there has not�察�for the last fifteen years�察�in any of the four
quarters of the world�察�been a battle in which some of them have not taken
part。;

On the same day all the generals and colonels in Paris were presented to
the Emperor by Louis Bonaparte�察�who had already begun to exercise his
functions of Constable。  In a few days everything assumed a new aspect��
but in spite of the admiration which was openly expressed the Parisians
secretly ridiculed the new courtiers。  This greatly displeased Bonaparte��
who was very charitably informed of it in order to check his
prepossession in favour of the men of the old Court�察�such as the Comte de
Segur�察�and at a later period Comte Louis de Narbonne。

To give all possible solemnity to his accession Napoleon ordered that the
Senate itself should proclaim in Paris the organic 'Senates´consulte'��
which entirely changed the Constitution of the State。  By one of those
anomalies which I have frequently had occasion to remark�察�the Emperor
fixed for this ceremony Sunday�察�the 30th Floral。  That day was a festival
in all Paris�察�while the unfortunate prisoners were languishing in the
dungeons of the Temple。

On the day after Bonaparte's accession the old formulae were restored。
The Emperor determined that the French Princes and Princesses should
receive the title of Imperial Highness�察�that his sisters should take the
same title�察�that the grand dignitaries of the Empire should be called
Serene Highnesses�察�that the Princes and titularies of the grand
dignitaries should be addressed by the title of Monseigneur�察�that M。
Maret�察�the Secretary of State�察�should have the rank of Minister�察�that the
ministers should retain the title of Excellency�察�to which should be added
that of Monseigneur in the petitions addressed to them�察�and that the
title of Excellency should be given to the President of the Senate。

At the same time Napoleon appointed the first Marshals of the Empire��
and determined that they should be called Monsieur le Marechal when
addressed verbally�察�and Monseigneur in writing。  The following are the
names of these sons of the Republic transformed into props of the Empire��
Berthier�察�Murat�察�Moncey�察�Jourdan�察�Massena�察�Augereau�察�Bernadotte�察�Soult��
Brune�察�Lannes�察�Mortier�察�Ney�察�Davoust�察�and Besaieres。  The title of
Marshal of the Empire was also granted to the generals Kellerman��
Lefebvre�察�Perignon�察�and Serrurier�察�as having served as commander´in´
chief。

The reader cannot have failed to observe that the name of Lucien has not
been mentioned among the individuals of Bonaparte's family on whom
dignities were conferred。  The fact is�察�the two brothers were no longer
on good terms with each other。  Not�察�as it has been alleged�察�because
Lucien wished to play the part of a Republican�察�but because he would not
submit to the imperious will of Napoleon in a circumstance in which the
latter counted on his brother's docility to serve the interests of his
policy。  In the conferences which preceded the great change in the form
of government it was not Lucien but Joseph who�察�probably for the sake of
sounding opinion�察�affected an opposition�察�which was by some mistaken for
Republicanism。  With regard to Lucien�察�as he had really rendered great
services to Napoleon on the 19th Brumaire at St。 Cloud�察�and as he himself
exaggerated the value of those services�察�he saw no reward worthy of his
ambition but a throne independent of his brother。  It is certain that
when at Madrid he had aspired to win the good graces of a Spanish
Infanta�察�and on that subject reports were circulated with which I have
nothing to do�察�because I never had any opportunity of ascertaining their
truth。  All I know is that�察�Lucien's first wife being dead�察�Bonaparte��
wished him to marry a German Princess�察�by way of forming the first great
alliance in the family。  Lucien�察�however�察�refused to comply with
Napoleon's wishes�察�and he secretly married the wife of an agent�察�named��
I believe�察�Joubertou�察�who for the sake of convenience was sent to the
West Indies�察�where he�此�died shortly after。  When Bonaparte heard of this
marriage from the priest by whom it had been clandestinely performed�察�he
fell into a furious passion�察�and resolved not to confer on Lucien the
title of French Prince�察�on account of what he termed his unequal match。
Lucien�察�therefore�察�obtained no other dignity than that of Senator。

     ��According to Lucien himself�察�Napoleon wished him to marry the
     Queen of Etruria Maria´Louise�察�daughter of Charles IV。 of Spain�察�who
     had married�察�1795 Louie de Bourbon�察�Prince of Parma�察�son of the Duke
     of Parma�察�to whom Napoleon had given Tuscany in 1801 as the Kingdom
     of�察�Etruria。  Her husband had died in May 1808�察�and she governed in
     the name of her son。  Lucien�察�whose first wife�察�Anne Christine
     Boyer�察�had died in 1801�察�had married his second wife�察�Alexandrine
     Laurence de Bleschamps�察�who had married�察�but who had divorced�察�a M。
     Jonberthon。  When Lucien had been ambassador in Spain in 1801��
     charged among other things with obtaining Elba�察�the Queen�察�he says��
     wished Napoleon should marry an Infanta��Donna Isabella�察�her
     youngest daughter�察�afterwards Queen of Naples�察�an overture to which
     Napoleon seems not to have made any answer。  As for Lucien�察�he
     objected to his brother that the Queen was ugly�察�and laughed at
     Napoleon's representations as to her being ; propre;�此�but at last he
     acknowledged his marriage with Madame Jouberthon。  This made a
     complete break between the brothers�察�and on hearing of the execution
     of the Due d'Enghien�察�Lucien said to his wife�察 �Alexandrine�察�let us
     go�察�he has tasted blood。;  He went to Italy�察�and in 1810 tried to go
     to the United States。  Taken prisoner by the English�察�he was
     detained first at Malta�察�and then in England�察�at Ludlow Castle and
     at Thorngrove�察�till 1814�察�when he went to Rome。  The Pope�察�who ever
     showed a kindly feeling towards the Bonapartes�察�made the ex´
     ;Brutus; Bonaparte Prince de Canino and Due de Musignano。  In 1815
     he joined Napoleon and on the final fall of the Empire he was
     interned at Rome till the death of his brother。��

Jerome�察�who pursued an opposite line of conduct�察�was afterwards made a
King。  As to Lucien's Republicanism�察�it did not survive the 18th
Brumaire�察�and he was always a warm partisan of hereditary succession。

But I pass on to relate what I know respecting the almost incredible
influence which�察�on the foundation of the Empire�察�Bonaparte exercised
over the powers which did not yet dare to declare war against him。
I studied Bonaparte's policy closely�察�and I came to this conclusion on
the subject�察�that he was governed by ambition�察�by the passion of
dominion�察�and that no relations�察�on a footing of equality�察�between
himself and any other power�察�could be of long du
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