嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
the dark lady of the sonnets(噴膨佩鮒戦議菜健繁)-及1何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS
THE DARK LADY OF
THE SONNETS
BY BERNARD SHAW
1
´ Page 2´
THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS
PREFACE TO THE DARK LADY
OF THE SONNETS
How the Play came to be Written
I had better explain why�察�in this little _piece d'occasion_�察�written for a
performance in aid of the funds of the project for establishing a National
Theatre as a memorial to Shakespear�察�I have identified the Dark Lady with
Mistress Mary Fitton。 First�察 �let me say that I do not contend that the
Dark Lady was Mary Fitton�察�because when the case in Mary's favor ��or
against her�察�if you please to consider that the Dark Lady was no better than
she ought to have been�� was complete�察 �a portrait of Mary came to light
and turned out to be that of a fair lady�察�not of a dark one。 That settles the
question�察�if the portrait is authentic�察�which I see no reason to doubt�察�and
the lady's hair undyed�察�which is perhaps less certain。 Shakespear rubbed
in the lady's complexion in his sonnets mercilessly�察 �for in his day black
hair was as unpopular as red hair was in the early days of Queen Victoria。
Any tinge lighter than raven black must be held fatal to the strongest claim
to be the Dark Lady。 And so�察�unless it can be shewn that Shakespear's
sonnets exasperated Mary Fitton into dyeing her hair and getting painted
in false colors�察�I must give up all pretence that my play is historical。 The
later suggestion of Mr Acheson that the Dark Lady�察�far from being a maid
of honor�察�kept a tavern in Oxford and was the mother of Davenant the poet�察�
is the one I should have adopted had I wished to be up to date。 Why�察�then�察�
did I introduce the Dark Lady as Mistress Fitton�拭�
Well�察�I had two reasons。 The play was not to have been written by
me at all�察 �but by Mrs Alfred Lyttelton�察 �and it was she who suggested a
scene of jealousy between Queen Elizabeth and the Dark Lady at the
expense of the unfortunate Bard。 Now this�察�if the Dark Lady was a maid
of honor�察 �was quite easy。 If she were a tavern landlady�察 �it would have
strained all probability。 So I stuck to Mary Fitton。 But I had another
2
´ Page 3´
THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS
and more personal reason。 I was�察�in a manner�察�present at the birth of the
Fitton theory。 Its parent and I had become acquainted�察 �and he used to
consult me on obscure passages in the sonnets�察�on which�察�as far as I can
remember�察�I never succeeded in throwing the faintest light�察�at a time when
nobody else thought my opinion�察 �on that or any other subject�察 �of the
slightest importance。 I thought it would be friendly to immortalize him�察�
as the silly literary saying is�察�much as Shakespear immortalized Mr W。 H。�察�
as he said he would�察�simply by writing about him。
Let me tell the story formally。
Thomas Tyler
Throughout the eighties at least�察�and probably for some years before�察�
the British Museum reading room was used daily by a gentleman of such
astonishing and crushing ugliness that no one who had once seen him
could ever thereafter forget him。 He was of fair complexion�察 �rather
golden red than sandy�察�aged between forty´five and sixty�察�and dressed in
frock coat and tall hat of presentable but never new appearance。 His figure
was rectangular�察�waistless�察�neckless�察�ankleless�察�of middle height�察�looking
shortish because�察�though he was not particularly stout�察�there was nothing
slender about him。 His ugliness was not unamiable�察 �it was accidental�察�
external�察�excrescential。 Attached to his face from the left ear to the point
of his chin was a monstrous goitre�察�which hung down to his collar bone�察�
and was very inadequately balanced by a smaller one on his right eyelid。
Nature's malice was so overdone in his case that it somehow failed to
produce the effect of repulsion it seemed to have aimed at。 When you
first met Thomas Tyler you could think of nothing else but whether
surgery could really do nothing for him。 But after a very brief
acquaintance you never thought of his disfigurements at all�察�and talked to
him as you might to Romeo or Lovelace�察�only�察�so many people�察�especially
women�察 �would not risk the preliminary ordeal�察 �that he remained a man
apart and a bachelor all his days。 I am not to be frightened or prejudiced
by a tumor�察�and I struck up a cordial acquaintance with him�察�in the course
of which he kept me pretty closely on the track of his work at the Museum�察�
3
´ Page 4´
THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS
in which I was then�察�like himself�察�a daily reader。
He was by profession a man of letters of an uncommercial kind。 He
was a specialist in pessimism�察 �had made a translation of Ecclesiastes of
which eight copies a year were sold�察 �and followed up the pessimism of
Shakespear and Swift with keen interest。 He delighted in a hideous
conception which he called the theory of the cycles�察�according to which
the history of mankind and the universe keeps eternally repeating itself
without the slightest variation throughout all eternity�察�so that he had lived
and died and had his goitre before and would live and die and have it
again and again and again。 He liked to believe that nothing that
happened to him was completely novel�此 �he was persuaded that he often
had some recollection of its previous occurrence in the last cycle。 He
hunted out allusions to this favorite theory in his three favorite pessimists。
He tried his hand occasionally at deciphering ancient inscriptions�察�reading
them as people seem to read the stars�察�by discovering bears and bulls and
swords and goats where�察�as it seems to me�察�no sane human being can see
anything but stars higgledy´piggledy。 Next to the translation of
Ecclesiastes�察�his _magnum opus_ was his work on Shakespear's Sonnets�察�
in which he accepted a previous identification of Mr W。 H。�察 �the ;onlie
begetter; of the sonnets�察�with the Earl of Pembroke ��William Herbert���察�and
promulgated his own identification of Mistress Mary Fitton with the Dark
Lady。 Whether he was right or wrong about the Dark Lady did not
matter urgently to me�此 �she might have been Maria Tompkins for all I
cared。 But Tyler would have it that she was Mary Fitton�察�and he tracked
Mary down from the first of her marriages in her teens to her tomb in
Cheshire�察�whither he made a pilgrimage and whence returned in triumph
with a picture of her statue�察�and the news that he was convinced she was a
dark lady by traces of paint still discernible。
In due course he published his edition of the Sonnets�察 �with the
evidence he had collected。 He lent me a copy of the book�察�which I never
returned。 But I reviewed it in the Pall Mall Gazette on the 7th of January
1886�察�and thereby let loose the Fitton theory in a wider circle of readers
than the book could reach。 Then Tyler died�察�sinking unnoted like a stone
in the sea。 I observed that Mr Acheson�察�Mrs Davenant's champion�察�calls
4
´ Page 5´
THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS
him Reverend。 It may very well be that he got his knowledge of Hebrew
in reading for the Church�察 �and there was always something of the
clergyman or the schoolmaster in his dress and air。 Possibly he may
actually have been ordained。 But he never told me that or anything else
about his affairs�察�and his black pessimism would have shot him violently
out of any church at present established in the West。 We never talked
about affairs�此 �we talked about Shakespear�察�and the Dark Lady�察�and Swift�察�
and Koheleth�察�and the cycles�察�and the mysterious moments when a feeling
came over us that this had happened to us before�察�and about the forgeries
of the Pentateuch which were offered for sale to the British Museum�察�and
about literature and things of the spirit generally。 He always came to my
desk at the Museum and spoke to me about something or other�察�no doubt
finding that people who were keen on this sort of conversation were rather
scarce。 He remains a vivid spot of memory in the void of my
forgetfulness�察 �a quite considerable and dignified soul in a grotesquely
disfigured body。
Frank Harris
To the review in the Pall Mall Gazette I attribute�察�rightly or wrongly�察�
the introduction of Mary Fitton to Mr Frank Harris。 My reason for this is
that Mr Harris wrote a play about Shakespear and Mary Fitton�察�and when I�察�
as a pious duty to Tyler's ghost�察�reminded the world that it was to Tyler we
owed the Fitton theory�察�Frank Harr
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��