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the dark lady of the sonnets(噴膨佩鮒戦議菜健繁)-及1何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



                    THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS 



THE DARK LADY OF 

         THE SONNETS 



                    BY BERNARD SHAW 



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                             THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS 



      PREFACE TO THE DARK LADY 

                     OF THE SONNETS 



                    How the Play came to be Written 



     I had better explain why�察�in this little _piece d'occasion_�察�written for a 

performance in aid of the funds of the project for establishing a National 

Theatre as a memorial to Shakespear�察�I have identified the Dark Lady with 

Mistress   Mary   Fitton。     First�察  �let   me   say   that   I   do   not   contend   that   the 

Dark Lady  was   Mary Fitton�察�because   when the   case in Mary's   favor   ��or 

against her�察�if you please to consider that the Dark Lady was no better than 

she ought   to   have been��  was   complete�察 �a  portrait   of Mary  came   to   light 

and turned out to be that of a fair lady�察�not of a dark one。           That settles the 

question�察�if the portrait is authentic�察�which I see no reason to doubt�察�and 

the lady's hair undyed�察�which is perhaps less certain。            Shakespear rubbed 

in the lady's   complexion in his sonnets mercilessly�察  �for in   his day  black 

hair was as unpopular as red hair was in the early days of Queen Victoria。 

Any tinge lighter than raven black must be held fatal to the strongest claim 

to be the Dark Lady。         And so�察�unless it can be shewn that Shakespear's 

sonnets exasperated Mary Fitton into dyeing her hair and getting painted 

in false colors�察�I must give up all pretence that my play is historical。             The 

later suggestion of Mr Acheson that the Dark Lady�察�far from being a maid 

of honor�察�kept a tavern in Oxford and was the mother of Davenant the poet�察�

is the one I should have adopted had I wished to be up to date。              Why�察�then�察�

did I introduce the Dark Lady as Mistress Fitton�拭�

     Well�察�I had two reasons。         The play was not to have been written by 

me   at   all�察  �but   by  Mrs Alfred   Lyttelton�察  �and   it   was   she   who   suggested   a 

scene   of   jealousy   between   Queen   Elizabeth   and   the   Dark   Lady   at   the 

expense of the unfortunate Bard。          Now this�察�if the Dark Lady was a maid 

of   honor�察  �was   quite   easy。 If   she   were   a   tavern   landlady�察  �it   would   have 

strained   all   probability。  So   I   stuck   to   Mary   Fitton。 But   I   had   another 



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                             THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS 



and more personal reason。           I was�察�in a manner�察�present at the birth of the 

Fitton   theory。    Its   parent   and   I   had   become   acquainted�察  �and   he   used   to 

consult me on obscure passages in the sonnets�察�on which�察�as far as I can 

remember�察�I never succeeded in throwing the faintest light�察�at a time when 

nobody   else   thought   my   opinion�察  �on   that   or   any   other   subject�察  �of   the 

slightest importance。        I thought it would be friendly to immortalize him�察�

as the silly literary saying is�察�much as Shakespear immortalized Mr W。 H。�察�

as he said he would�察�simply by writing about him。 

     Let me tell the story formally。 



                                     Thomas Tyler 



     Throughout the eighties at least�察�and probably for some years before�察�

the British Museum reading room was used daily by a gentleman of such 

astonishing   and   crushing   ugliness   that   no   one   who   had   once   seen   him 

could     ever  thereafter    forget   him。   He     was   of  fair  complexion�察     �rather 

golden red than sandy�察�aged between forty´five and sixty�察�and dressed in 

frock coat and tall hat of presentable but never new appearance。 His figure 

was rectangular�察�waistless�察�neckless�察�ankleless�察�of middle height�察�looking 

shortish because�察�though he was not particularly stout�察�there was nothing 

slender   about   him。     His   ugliness   was   not   unamiable�察  �it   was   accidental�察�

external�察�excrescential。       Attached to his face from the left ear to the point 

of his chin was a monstrous goitre�察�which hung down to his collar bone�察�

and was very inadequately balanced by a smaller one on his right eyelid。 

Nature's   malice   was   so   overdone   in   his   case   that   it   somehow   failed   to 

produce the effect   of repulsion it seemed to have aimed   at。                When   you 

first   met   Thomas     Tyler   you    could   think   of  nothing    else  but   whether 

surgery     could    really   do   nothing     for  him。     But    after   a   very   brief 

acquaintance you never thought of his disfigurements at all�察�and talked to 

him as you might to Romeo or Lovelace�察�only�察�so many people�察�especially 

women�察  �would   not   risk   the   preliminary   ordeal�察  �that   he   remained   a   man 

apart and a bachelor all his days。          I am not to be frightened or prejudiced 

by a tumor�察�and I struck up a cordial acquaintance with him�察�in the course 

of which he kept me pretty closely on the track of his work at the Museum�察�



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                               THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS 



in which I was then�察�like himself�察�a daily reader。 

     He was by profession a man of letters of an uncommercial kind。                         He 

was   a   specialist in   pessimism�察  �had   made   a   translation   of   Ecclesiastes   of 

which   eight   copies   a   year   were   sold�察  �and   followed   up   the  pessimism   of 

Shakespear       and    Swift   with    keen   interest。    He    delighted     in  a  hideous 

conception which he called the theory  of the cycles�察�according to   which 

the   history   of   mankind   and   the   universe   keeps   eternally   repeating   itself 

without the slightest variation throughout all eternity�察�so that he had lived 

and   died   and   had   his   goitre   before   and   would   live   and   die   and   have   it 

again     and    again   and    again。     He    liked    to  believe    that   nothing     that 

happened to him was completely novel�此                 �he was persuaded that he often 

had   some   recollection   of   its   previous   occurrence   in   the   last   cycle。     He 

hunted out allusions to this favorite theory in his three favorite pessimists。 

He tried his hand occasionally at deciphering ancient inscriptions�察�reading 

them as people seem to read the stars�察�by discovering bears and bulls and 

swords and goats where�察�as it seems to me�察�no sane human being can see 

anything       but   stars    higgledy´piggledy。         Next      to   the   translation     of 

Ecclesiastes�察�his _magnum opus_ was his work on Shakespear's Sonnets�察�

in   which   he   accepted   a   previous   identification   of   Mr   W。   H。�察  �the   ;onlie 

begetter; of the sonnets�察�with the Earl of Pembroke ��William Herbert���察�and 

promulgated his own identification of Mistress Mary Fitton with the Dark 

Lady。      Whether   he   was   right   or   wrong   about   the   Dark   Lady   did   not 

matter   urgently   to   me�此    �she   might   have   been   Maria   Tompkins   for   all   I 

cared。     But Tyler would have it that she was Mary Fitton�察�and he tracked 

Mary   down   from   the   first   of   her   marriages   in   her   teens   to   her   tomb   in 

Cheshire�察�whither he made a pilgrimage and whence returned in triumph 

with a picture of her statue�察�and the news that he was convinced she was a 

dark lady by traces of paint still discernible。 

     In   due    course    he   published     his   edition   of   the   Sonnets�察   �with    the 

evidence he had collected。           He lent me a copy of the book�察�which I never 

returned。      But I reviewed it in the Pall Mall Gazette on the 7th of January 

1886�察�and thereby let loose the Fitton theory in a wider circle of readers 

than the book could reach。           Then Tyler died�察�sinking unnoted like a stone 

in the sea。     I observed that Mr Acheson�察�Mrs Davenant's champion�察�calls 



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                             THE DARK LADY OF THE SONNETS 



him Reverend。        It may very well be that he got his knowledge of Hebrew 

in   reading    for  the   Church�察   �and    there  was    always    something      of  the 

clergyman   or   the   schoolmaster   in   his   dress   and   air。  Possibly   he   may 

actually have been ordained。          But he never told me that or anything else 

about his affairs�察�and his black pessimism would have shot him violently 

out   of   any   church   at   present   established   in   the   West。 We   never   talked 

about affairs�此    �we talked about Shakespear�察�and the Dark Lady�察�and Swift�察�

and Koheleth�察�and the cycles�察�and the mysterious moments when a feeling 

came over us that this had happened to us before�察�and about the forgeries 

of the Pentateuch which were offered for sale to the British Museum�察�and 

about literature and things of the spirit generally。           He always came to my 

desk at the Museum and spoke to me about something or other�察�no doubt 

finding that people who were keen on this sort of conversation were rather 

scarce。     He     remains     a  vivid   spot   of   memory      in  the   void   of   my 

forgetfulness�察  �a   quite   considerable   and   dignified   soul   in   a   grotesquely 

disfigured body。 



                                    Frank Harris 



     To the review in the Pall Mall Gazette I attribute�察�rightly or wrongly�察�

the introduction of Mary Fitton to Mr Frank Harris。              My reason for this is 

that Mr Harris wrote a play about Shakespear and Mary Fitton�察�and when I�察�

as a pious duty to Tyler's ghost�察�reminded the world that it was to Tyler we 

owed the Fitton theory�察�Frank Harr
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