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the dark lady of the sonnets(噴膨佩鮒戦議菜健繁)-及2何蛍
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owed the Fitton theory�察�Frank Harris�察�who clearly had not a notion of what
had first put Mary into his head�察�believed�察�I think�察�that I had invented Tyler
expressly for his discomfiture�察�for the stress I laid on Tyler's claims must
have seemed unaccountable and perhaps malicious on the assumption that
he was to me a mere name among the thousands of names in the British
Museum catalogue。 Therefore I make it clear that I had and have
personal reasons for remembering Tyler�察 �and for regarding myself as in
some sort charged with the duty of reminding the world of his work。 I
am sorry for his sake that Mary's portrait is fair�察�and that Mr W。 H。 has
veered round again from Pembroke to Southampton�察�but even so his work
was not wasted�此 �it is by exhausting all the hypotheses that we reach the
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verifiable one�察�and after all�察�the wrong road always leads somewhere。
Frank Harris's play was written long before mine。 I read it in
manuscript before the Shakespear Memorial National Theatre was mooted�察�
and if there is anything except the Fitton theory ��which is Tyler's property��
in my play which is also in Mr Harris's it was I who annexed it from him
and not he from me。 It does not matter anyhow�察 �because this play of
mine is a brief trifle�察�and full of manifest impossibilities at that�察�whilst Mr
Harris's play is serious both in size�察 �intention�察 �and quality。 But there
could not in the nature of things be much resemblance�察 �because Frank
conceives Shakespear to have been a broken´hearted�察 �melancholy�察�
enormously sentimental person�察�whereas I am convinced that he was very
like myself�此 �in fact�察 �if I had been born in 1556 instead of in 1856�察 �I
should have taken to blank verse and given Shakespear a harder run for his
money than all the other Elizabethans put together。 Yet the success of
Frank Harris's book on Shakespear gave me great delight。
To those who know the literary world of London there was a sharp
stroke of ironic comedy in the irresistible verdict in its favor。 In critical
literature there is one prize that is always open to competition�察�one blue
ribbon that always carries the highest critical rank with it。 To win�察�you
must write the best book of your generation on Shakespear。 It is felt on
all sides that to do this a certain fastidious refinement�察�a delicacy of taste�察�a
correctness of manner and tone�察�and high academic distinction in addition
to the indispensable scholarship and literary reputation�察 �are needed�察 �and
men who pretend to these qualifications are constantly looked to with a
gentle expectation that presently they will achieve the great feat。 Now if
there is a man on earth who is the utter contrary of everything that this
description implies�察 �whose very existence is an insult to the ideal it
realizes�察 �whose eye disparages�察 �whose resonant voice denounces�察 �whose
cold shoulder jostles every decency�察�every delicacy�察�every amenity�察�every
dignity�察�every sweet usage of that quiet life of mutual admiration in which
perfect Shakespearian appreciation is expected to arise�察�that man is Frank
Harris。 Here is one who is extraordinarily qualified�察 �by a range of
sympathy and understanding that extends from the ribaldry of a buccaneer
to the shyest tendernesses of the most sensitive poetry�察�to be all things to
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all men�察�yet whose proud humor it is to be to every man�察�provided the man
is eminent and pretentious�察 �the champion of his enemies。 To the
Archbishop he is an atheist�察 �to the atheist a Catholic mystic�察 �to the
Bismarckian Imperialist an Anacharsis Klootz�察 �to Anacharsis Klootz a
Washington�察 �to Mrs Proudie a Don Juan�察 �to Aspasia a John Knox�此 �in
short�察 �to everyone his complement rather than his counterpart�察 �his
antagonist rather than his fellow´creature。 Always provided�察 �however�察�
that the persons thus confronted are respectable persons。 Sophie
Perovskaia�察 �who perished on the scaffold for blowing Alexander II to
fragments�察�may perhaps have echoed Hamlet's
Oh God�察 �Horatio�察 �what a wounded name Things
standing thus unknownI leave behind� �but Frank Harris�察 �in his
Sonia�察�has rescued her from that injustice�察 �and enshrined her among the
saints。 He has lifted the Chicago anarchists out of their infamy�察 �and
shewn that�察 �compared with the Capitalism that killed them�察 �they were
heroes and martyrs。 He has done this with the most unusual power of
conviction。 The story�察�as he tells it�察�inevitably and irresistibly displaces
all the vulgar�察 �mean�察 �purblind�察 �spiteful versions。 There is a precise
realism and an unsmiling�察 �measured�察�determined sincerity which gives a
strange dignity to the work of one whose fixed practice and ungovernable
impulse it is to kick conventional dignity whenever he sees it。
Harris ;durch Mitleid wissend;
Frank Harris is everything except a humorist�察 �not�察 �apparently�察 �from
stupidity�察 �but because scorn overcomes humor in him。 Nobody ever
dreamt of reproaching Milton's Lucifer for not seeing the comic side of his
fall�察 �and nobody who has read Mr Harris's stories desires to have them
lightened by chapters from the hand of Artemus Ward。 Yet he knows the
taste and the value of humor。 He was one of the few men of letters who
really appreciated Oscar Wilde�察�though he did not rally fiercely to Wilde's
side until the world deserted Oscar in his ruin。 I myself was present at a
curious meeting between the two�察 �when Harris�察 �on the eve of the
Queensberry trial�察�prophesied to Wilde with miraculous precision exactly
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what immediately afterwards happened to him�察�and warned him to leave
the country。 It was the first time within my knowledge that such a
forecast proved true。 Wilde�察�though under no illusion as to the folly of
the quite unselfish suit´at´law he had been persuaded to begin�察�
nevertheless so miscalculated the force of the social vengeance he was
unloosing on himself that he fancied it could be stayed by putting up the
editor of The Saturday Review ��as Mr Harris then was�� to declare that he
considered Dorian Grey a highly moral book�察�which it certainly is。 When
Harris foretold him the truth�察 �Wilde denounced him as a fainthearted
friend who was failing him in his hour of need�察�and left the room in anger。
Harris's idiosyncratic power of pity saved him from feeling or shewing the
smallest resentment�察 �and events presently proved to Wilde how insanely
he had been advised in taking the action�察�and how accurately Harris had
gauged the situation。
The same capacity for pity governs Harris's study of Shakespear�察�
whom�察�as I have said�察�he pities too much�察�but that he is not insensible to
humor is shewn not only by his appreciation of Wilde�察�but by the fact that
the group of contributors who made his editorship of The Saturday
Review so remarkable�察�and of whom I speak none the less highly because
I happened to be one of them myself�察 �were all�察 �in their various ways�察�
humorists。
;Sidney's Sister�此 �Pembroke's Mother;
And now to return to Shakespear。 Though Mr Harris followed Tyler
in identifying Mary Fitton as the Dark Lady�察�and the Earl of Pembroke as
the addressee of the other sonnets and the man who made love
successfully to Shakespear's mistress�察�he very characteristically refuses to
follow Tyler on one point�察�though for the life of me I cannot remember
whether it was one of the surmises which Tyler published�察 �or only one
which he submitted to me to see what I would say about it�察�just as he used
to submit difficult lines from the sonnets。
This surmise was that ;Sidney's sister�此 �Pembroke's mother; set
Shakespear on to persuade Pembroke to marry�察 �and that this was the
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explanation of those earlier sonnets which so persistently and unnaturally
urged matrimony on Mr W。 H。 I take this to be one of the brightest of
Tyler's ideas�察�because the persuasions in the sonnets are unaccountable and
out of character unless they were offered to please somebody whom
Shakespear desired to please�察 �and who took a m
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