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try to invent names for them�察�you will find the intricacy too great。

  Y。 Soc。 How must I speak of them�察�then��

  Str。 In this way�此�let the science of managing pedestrian animals

be divided into two parts and one part assigned to the 

horned herd and

the other to the herd that has no horns。

  Y。 Soc。 All that you say has been abundantly proved�察�and may

therefore�察�be assumed。

  Str。 The king is clearly the shepherd a polled herd�察�who have no

horns。

  Y。 Soc。 That is evident。

  Str。 Shall we break up this hornless herd into sections�察�and

endeavour to assign to him what is his��

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 Shall we distinguish them by their having or not having

cloven feet�察�or by their mixing or not mixing the breed�拭�You 

know what

I mean。

  Y。 Soc。 What��

  Str。 I mean that horses and asses naturally breed from one another。

  Y。 Soc。 Yes。

  Str。 But the remainder of the hornless herd of tame 

animals will not

mix the breed。

  Y。 Soc。 Very true。

  Str。 And of which has the Statesman charge�察�of the mixed or of the

unmixed race��

  Y。 Soc。 Clearly of the unmixed。

  Str。 I suppose that we must divide this again as before。

  Y。 Soc。 We must。

  Str。 Every tame and herding animal has now been split up�察�with the

exception of two species�察�for I hardly think that dogs should be

reckoned among gregarious animals。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly not�察�but how shall we divide the two remaining

species��

  Str。 There is a measure of difference which may be appropriately

employed by you and Theaetetus�察�who are students of geometry。

  Y。 Soc。 What is that��

  Str。 The diameter�察�and�察�again�察�the diameter of a diameter。

  Y。 Soc。 What do you mean��

  Str。 How does man walk�察�but as a diameter whose power is two feet��

  Y。 Soc。 Just so。

  Str。 And the power of the remaining kind�察�being the power of twice

two feet�察�may be said to be the diameter of our diameter。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly�察�and now I think that I pretty nearly understand

you。

  Str。 In these divisions�察�Socrates�察�I descry what would make

another famous jest。

  Y。 Soc。 What is it��

  Str。 Human beings have come out in the same class with the freest

and airiest of creation�察�and have been running a race with them。

  Y。 Soc。 I remark that very singular coincidence。

  Str。 And would you not expect the slowest to arrive last��

  Y。 Soc。 Indeed I should。

  Str。 And there is a still more ridiculous consequence�察�

that the king

is found running about with the herd and in close 

competition with the

bird´catcher�察�who of all mankind is most of an adept at the 

airy life。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly。

  Str。 Then here�察�Socrates�察�is still clearer evidence of the truth

of what was said in the enquiry about the Sophist��

  Y。 Soc。 What��

  Str。 That the dialectical method is no respecter of persons�察�and

does not set the great above the small�察�but always arrives in her

own way at the truest result。

  Y。 Soc。 Clearly。

  Str。 And now�察�I will not wait for you to ask the�察�but will 

of my own

accord take you by the shorter road to the definition of a king。

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 I say that we should have begun at first by dividing land

animals into biped and quadruped�察�and since the winged herd�察�and

that alone�察�comes out in the same class with man�察�should 

divide bipeds

into those which have feathers and those which have not�察�and 

when they

have been divided�察�and the art of the management of mankind 

is brought

to light�察�the time will have come to produce our Statesman and

ruler�察�and set him like a charioteer in his place�察�and hand over to

him the reins of state�察�for that too is a vocation which belongs to

him。

  Y。 Soc。 Very good�察�you have paid me the debt´I mean�察�that you have

completed the argument�察�and I suppose that you added the 

digression by

way of interest。

  Str。 Then now�察�let us go back to the beginning�察�and join the

links�察�which together make the definition of the name of the

Statesman's art。

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 The science of pure knowledge had�察�as we said originally�察�a

part which was the science of rule or command�察�and from this was

derived another part�察�which was called command´for´self�察�on the

analogy of selling´for´self�察�an important section of this was the

management of living animals�察�and this again was further limited to

the manage merit of them in herds�察�and again in herds of pedestrian

animals。 The chief division of the latter was the art of managing

pedestrian animals which are without horns�察�this again has a part

which can only be comprehended under one term by joining together

three names´shepherding pure´bred animals。 The only further

subdivision is the art of man herding´this has to do with bipeds��

and is what we were seeking after�察�and have now found�察�being at once

the royal and political。

  Y。 Soc。 To be sure。

  Str。 And do you think�察�Socrates�察�that we really have done as you

say��

  Y。 Soc。 What��

  Str。 Do you think�察�I mean�察�that we have really fulfilled our

intention�拭�There has been a sort of discussion�察�and yet the

investigation seems to me not to be perfectly worked out�此�this is

where the enquiry fails。

  Y。 Soc。 I do not understand。

  Str。 I will try to make the thought�察�which is at this 

moment present

in my mind�察�clearer to us both。

  Y。 Soc。 Let me hear。

  Str。 There were many arts of shepherding�察�and one of them was the

political�察�which had the charge of one particular herd��

  Y。 Soc。 Yes。

  Str。 And this the argument defined to be the art of rearing�察�not

horses or other brutes�察�but the art of rearing man collectively��

  Y。 Soc。 True。

  Str。 Note�察�however�察�a difference which distinguishes the king from

all other shepherds。

  Y。 Soc。 To what do you refer��

  Str。 I want to ask�察�whether any one of the other herdsmen has a

rival who professes and claims to share with him in the management

of the herd��

  Y。 Soc。 What do you mean��

  Str。 I mean to say that merchants husbandmen�察�providers of 

food�察�and

also training´masters and physicians�察�will all contend with the

herdsmen of humanity�察�whom we call Statesmen�察�declaring that they

themselves have the care of rearing of managing mankind�察�and 

that they

rear not only the common herd�察�but also the rulers themselves。

  Y。 Soc。 Are they not right in saying so��

  Str。 Very likely they may be�察�and we will consider their claim。

But we are certain of this�察�that no one will raise a similar claim

as against the herdsman�察�who is allowed on all hands to be the sole

and only feeder and physician of his herd�察�he is also their 

matchmaker

and accoucheur�察�no one else knows that department of science。 And he

is their merry´maker and musician�察�as far as their nature is

susceptible of such influences�察�and no one can console and soothe

his own herd better than he can�察�either with the natural tones of

his voice or with instruments。 And the same may be said of tenders

of animals in general。

  Y。 Soc。 Very true。

  Str。 But if this is as you say�察�can our argument about the king be

true and unimpeachable�拭�Were we right in selecting him out of ten

thousand other claimants to be the shepherd and rearer of the human

flock��

  Y。 Soc。 Surely not。

  Str。 Had we not reason just to now apprehend�察�that although we may

have described a sort of royal form�察�we have not as yet accurately

worked out the true image of the Statesman�拭�and that we cannot

reveal him as he truly is in his own nature�察�until we have

disengaged and separated him from those who bang about him and claim

to share in his prerogatives��

  Y。 Soc。 Very true。

  Str。 And that�察�Socrates�察�is what we must do�察�if we do not mean to

bring disgrace upon the argument at its close。

  Y。 Soc。 We must certainly avoid that。

  Str。 Then let us make a new beginning�察�and travel by a different

road。

  Y。 Soc。 What road��

  Str。 I think that we may have a little amusement�察�there is a

famous tale�察�of which a good portion may with advantage be 

interwoven��

and then we may resume our series of divisions�察�and proceed 

in the old

path until we arrive at the desired summit。 Shall we do as I say��

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 Listen�察�then�察�to a tale which a child would love to hear�察�and

you are not too old for childish amusement。

  Y。 Soc。 Let me hear。

  Str。 There did really happen�察�and will again happen�察�like 

many other

events of which ancient tradition has preserved the record�察�the

portent which is traditionally said to have occurred in the 

quarrel of

Atreus and Thyestes。 You have heard no doubt�察�and remember what they

say happened at that time��

  Y。 Soc。 I suppose you to mean the token of the birth of the golden

lamb。

  Str。 No�察�not that�察�but another part of the story�察�which tells how

the sun and the stars once rose in the west�察�and set in the east��

and that the god reversed their motion�察�and gave them that which

they now have as a testimony to the right of Atreus。

  Y。 Soc。 Yes�察�there is that legend also。

  Str。 Again�察�we have been often told of the reign of Cronos。

  Y。 Soc。 Yes�察�very often。

  Str。 Did you ever hear that the men of former times were

earthborn�察�and not begotten of one another��

  Y。 Soc。 Yes�察�that is another old tradition。

  Str。 All these stories�察�and ten thousand others which are 

still more

wonderful�察�have a common origin�察�many of them have been lost in the

lapse of ages�察�or are repeated only in a disconnected form�察�but the

origin of them is what no one has told�察�and may as well be told now��

for the tale is suited to throw light on the nature of the king。

  Y。 Soc。 Very good�察�and I hope that you will give the whole story��

and leave out nothing。

  Str。 Listen�察�then。 There is a time when God himself guides 

and helps

to roll the world in its course�察�and there is a time�察�on the

completion of a certain cycle�察�when he lets go�察�and the world being

a living creature�察�and having originally received intelligence from

its author and creator turns about and by an inherent necessity

revolves in the opposite direction。

  Y。 Soc。 Why is that��

  Str。 Why�察�because only the most divine things of all remain ever

unchanged and the
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