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hiero(錬櫛袋)-及4何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
his own city�察�he will find himself in the centre of hostility at once。 Or let
us suppose that an invading army�察�superior in force�察�is marching against a
city�此 �however much the weaker population�察 �whilst they are still outside
their walls�察 �may feel the stress of danger�察 �yet once within their trenches
one and all expect to find themselves in absolute security。 But the tyrant is
not out of danger�察�even when he has passed the portals of his palace。 Nay� �
there of all places most�察�he feels�察�he must maintain the strictist watch。��7�А�
Again�察 �to the private citizen there will come eventually�察 �either through
truce or terms of peace�察 �respite from war�察 �but for the tyrant�察 �the day of
peace will never dawn。 What peace can he have with those over whom he
exercises his despotic sway�殖�8�А �Nor have the terms of truce been yet
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devised�察�on which the despotic ruler may rely with confidence。��9�А�
��5�А 。�koinon���察 �i。e。 making demands upon the eneriges of all the
citizens in common�察 �as opposed to the personal character of war as
conducted by a despot = ;public�察─ �patriotic�察─ �national; war。 Al。
borne by the particular ��polis�� as member of a league�察 �whether of
states united for the time being in a ��summakhia���察�or permanently in
a confederacy = a ;federal; war。
��6�А �Even if serving on a campaign in the enemy's country。;
��7�А�Or�察 �he has to exercise the utmost vigilance。;
��8�А �With those who are 'absolutely governed��' not to say tyrannically
ruled。;
��9�А �Or�察 �which the tyrant may accept in faith and go his way
rejoicing。;
Wars doubtless there are�撮�10�А�wars waged by states and wars waged by
autocratic monarchs against those whom they have forcibly enslaved�察�and
in respect of these wars there is no hardship which any member of the
states at war��11�А�can suffer but the tyrant will feel it also。 That is to say�察�
both must alike be under arms�察 �keep guard�察 �run risks�察 �and whatever the
pains of defeat may be�察�they are equally sustained by both。 Up to this point
there is no distinction。 The ;bitters; are equal。 But when we come to
estimate the ;sweets; derivable from warfare between states�撮�12�А �the
parallel ceases。 The tyrant�察�if he shared the pains before�察�no longer shares
the pleasures now。 What happens when a state has gained the mastery in
battle over her antagonist�拭�It would be hard ��I take it�� to describe the joy
of that occurrence�此�joy in the rout�察�joy in the pursuit�察�joy in the slaughter of
their enemies�察�and in what language shall I describe the exultation of these
warriors at their feats of arms�拭�With what assumption they bind on their
brows the glittering wreath of glory�撮�13�А �with what mirth and jollity
congratulate themselves on having raised their city to newer heights of
fame。 Each several citizen claims to have shared in the plan of the
campaign�撮�14�А �and to have slain the largest number。 Indeed it would be
hard to find where false embellishment will not creep in�撮�15�А�the number
stated to be the slain exceeding that of those that actually perished。 So
truly glorious a thing it seems to them to have won a great victory。��16�А�
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��10�А �Lit。 ;and further�察 �wars there are�察 �waged against forcibly´
subjected populations whether by free states;e。g。 of Olynthus�察�
;Hell。; V。 ii。 23�察�or Athens against her ;subject allies; during the Pel。
war;or by despotic rules;Jason of Pherae �─�Hell。; VI。�� Al。 ;wars
waged by free states against free states�察�and wars waged by tyrants
against enslaved peoples。;
��11�А�Does ��o en tais polesi�� = ;the citizen;�拭�So some commentators�察�
or ��sub。 ��polemos���� = ;the war among states; ��see Hartman�察�op。 cit。
p。 248���拭 �in which case transl。 ;all the hardships involved in
international war come home to the tyrant also。; The same obscurity
attaches to ��oi en tais polesi�� below ��the commonly adopted emend。
of the MS。 ��oi sunontes polesi�� = ;the citizens�察─ �or else =
;international wars。;
��12�А �The pleasures incidental to warfare between states;�察 �al。 ;the
sweets which citizens engaged in warfare as against rival states can
count upon。;
��13�А �Reading ��analambanousin���察 �or�察 �if after Cobet�察 �etc。�察�
��lambanousin���察�transl。 ;what brilliant honour�察�what bright credit they
assume。;
��14�А �To have played his part in counsel。; See ;Anab。; passim�察�and M。
Taine�察 �Essais de Critique�察─ �Xenophon�察─�p。 128。
��15�А �Lit。 ;they do not indulge in false additions�察 �pretending to have
put more enemies to death than actually fell。;
��16�А�Cf。 ;Hipparch�察─�viii。 11�察 �Cyrop。; VIII。 iii。 25�察 �Thuc。; i。 49。
But the tyrant�察�when he forebodes�察�or possibly perceives in actual fact�察�
some opposition brewing�察�and puts the suspects��17�А�to the sword�察�knows
he will not thereby promote the welfare of the state collectively。 The cold
clear fact is�察 �he will have fewer subjects to rule over。��18�А �How can he
show a cheerful countenance�殖�19�А �how magnify himself on his
achievement�拭 �On the contrary�察 �his desire is to lessen the proportions of
what has taken place�察�as far as may be。 He will apologise for what he does�察�
even in the doing of it�察�letting it appear that what he has wrought at least
was innocent�撮�20�А�so little does his conduct seem noble even to himself。
And when those he dreaded are safely in their graves�察�he is not one whit
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more confident of spirit�察�but still more on his guard than heretofore。 That
is the kind of war with which the tyrant is beset from day to day
continually�察�as I do prove。��21�А�
��17�А�See Hold。 ��crit。 app。���察�Hartman�察�op。 cit。 p。 260。
��18�А�Cf。 ;Mem。; I。 ii。 38。
��19�А�Cf。 ;Anab。; II。 vi。 11�察 �Hell。; VI。 iv。 16。
��20�А �Not of malice prepense。;
��21�А�Or�察 �Such then�察�as I describe it�察�is the type of war�察─�etc。
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III
Turn now and contemplate the sort of friendship whereof it is given to
tyrants to partake。 And first�察 �let us examine with ourselves and see if
friendship is truly a great boon to mortal man。
How fares it with the man who is beloved of friends�拭�See with what
gladness his friends and lovers hail his advent� �delight to do him kindness� �
long for him when he is absent from them�。�1�А �and welcome him most
gladly on his return�。�2�А�In any good which shall betide him they rejoice
together�察 �or if they see him overtaken by misfortune�察 �they rush to his
assistance as one man。��3�А�
��1�А �Reading ��an ate���察 �or if ��an apie���察 �transl。 ;have yearning hearts
when he must leave them。;
��2�А�See Anton Rubinstein�察 �Die Musik and ihre Meister�察─�p。 8�察 �Some
Remarks on Beethoven's Sonata Op。 81。;
��3�А �Cf。 ;Cyrop。; I。 vi。 24 for a repetition of the sentiment and
phraseology。
Nay� �it has not escaped the observation of states and governments that
friendship is the greatest boon�察 �the sweetest happiness which men may
taste。 At any rate�察 �the custom holds��4�А �in many states ;to slay the
adulterer; alone of all ;with impunity�察┌�5�А�for this reason clearly that such
miscreants are held to be destroyers of that friendship��6�А�which binds the
woman to the husband。 Since where by some untoward chance a woman
suffers violation of her chastity�撮�7�А�husbands do not the less honour them�察�
as far as that goes�察�provided true affection still appear unsullied。��8�А�
��4�А�Lit。 ;many of the states have a law and custom to�察─�etc。 Cf。 ;Pol。
Lac。; ii。 4。
��5�А �Cf。 Plat。 ;Laws�察─ �874 C�察 �if a man find his wife suffering
violence he may kill the violator and be guiltless in the eye of the
law。; Dem。 ;in Aristocr。; 53�察。�ean tis apokteine en athlois akon 。 。 。 e
epi damarti�察�k。t。l。 。 。 。 touton eneka me pheugein kteinanta��。
��6�А �See Lys。 ;de caed Eratosth。; S。 32 f。�察 。�outos�察 �o andres�察 �tous
biazomenous elattonos zemias axious egesato einai e tous peithontas 。
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ton men gar thanaton kategno�察 �tois de diplen epoiese ten blaben�察�
egoumenos tous men diaprattomenous bia upo ton biasthenton
miseisthai�察�tous de peisantas outos aution tas psukhas diaphth
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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