嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

hiero(錬櫛袋)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



his own city�察�he will find himself in the centre of hostility at once。 Or let 

us suppose that an invading army�察�superior in force�察�is marching against a 

city�此  �however   much   the   weaker   population�察  �whilst   they   are   still   outside 

their   walls�察 �may  feel   the   stress of   danger�察 �yet   once   within their trenches 

one and all expect to find themselves in absolute security。 But the tyrant is 

not out of danger�察�even when he has passed the portals of his palace。 Nay� �

there of all places most�察�he feels�察�he must maintain the strictist watch。��7�А�

Again�察  �to   the   private   citizen   there   will   come   eventually�察  �either   through 

truce   or   terms   of   peace�察  �respite   from   war�察  �but   for   the   tyrant�察  �the   day   of 

peace will never dawn。 What peace can he have with those over whom he 

exercises   his   despotic   sway�殖�8�А  �Nor   have   the   terms   of   truce   been   yet 



                                                  13 


´ Page 14´

                                                Hiero 



devised�察�on which the despotic ruler may rely with confidence。��9�А�

     ��5�А   。�koinon���察     �i。e。  making     demands      upon     the   eneriges    of   all  the 

citizens     in  common�察      �as  opposed      to  the   personal     character    of   war   as 

conducted        by   a   despot    =    ;public�察─    �patriotic�察─     �national;     war。    Al。 

borne     by   the   particular    ��polis��     as  member       of  a   league�察   �whether     of 

states united for the time being in a ��summakhia���察�or permanently                             in 

a confederacy = a ;federal; war。 

     ��6�А �Even if serving on a campaign in the enemy's country。; 

     ��7�А�Or�察 �he has to exercise the utmost vigilance。; 

     ��8�А �With those who are 'absolutely governed��' not to say tyrannically 

ruled。; 

     ��9�А   �Or�察   �which     the   tyrant    may    accept    in   faith   and    go   his   way 

rejoicing。; 

     Wars doubtless there are�撮�10�А�wars waged by states and wars waged by 

autocratic monarchs against those whom they have forcibly enslaved�察�and 

in   respect   of   these   wars   there   is   no   hardship   which   any   member   of   the 

states at war��11�А�can suffer but the tyrant will feel it also。 That is to say�察�

both   must   alike   be   under   arms�察  �keep   guard�察  �run   risks�察  �and   whatever   the 

pains of defeat may be�察�they are equally sustained by both。 Up to this point 

there   is   no   distinction。   The   ;bitters;   are   equal。   But   when   we   come   to 

estimate      the  ;sweets;      derivable    from    warfare     between      states�撮�12�А   �the 

parallel ceases。 The tyrant�察�if he shared the pains before�察�no longer shares 

the pleasures now。 What happens when a state has gained the mastery in 

battle over her antagonist�拭�It would be hard ��I take it�� to describe the joy 

of that occurrence�此�joy in the rout�察�joy in the pursuit�察�joy in the slaughter of 

their enemies�察�and in what language shall I describe the exultation of these 

warriors at their feats of arms�拭�With what assumption they bind on their 

brows      the  glittering    wreath    of   glory�撮�13�А   �with    what    mirth    and   jollity 

congratulate   themselves   on   having   raised   their   city   to   newer   heights   of 

fame。     Each    several    citizen    claims    to  have    shared    in  the   plan   of   the 

campaign�撮�14�А  �and   to   have   slain   the   largest   number。   Indeed   it   would   be 

hard to find where false embellishment will not creep in�撮�15�А�the number 

stated   to   be   the   slain   exceeding   that   of   those   that   actually   perished。   So 

truly glorious a thing it seems to them to have won a great victory。��16�А�



                                                  14 


´ Page 15´

                                              Hiero 



     ��10�А   �Lit。   ;and    further�察  �wars    there   are�察  �waged     against    forcibly´ 

subjected       populations      whether     by    free    states;e。g。    of    Olynthus�察�

;Hell。; V。 ii。 23�察�or Athens against her ;subject allies; during                   the Pel。 

war;or by despotic rules;Jason of Pherae �─�Hell。;                      VI。�� Al。 ;wars 

waged by free states against free states�察�and wars                     waged by tyrants 

against enslaved peoples。; 

     ��11�А�Does ��o en tais polesi�� = ;the citizen;�拭�So some commentators�察�

or        ��sub。 ��polemos���� = ;the war among states; ��see Hartman�察�op。 cit。 

p。    248���拭    �in   which     case    transl。    ;all   the   hardships      involved     in 

international war come home to the tyrant also。; The same                        obscurity 

attaches to ��oi en tais polesi�� below ��the commonly                      adopted emend。 

of    the  MS。     ��oi   sunontes    polesi��    =   ;the   citizens�察─         �or    else   = 

;international wars。; 

     ��12�А   �The   pleasures   incidental   to   warfare   between   states;�察  �al。   ;the 

sweets which citizens engaged in warfare as against rival states                        can 

count upon。; 

     ��13�А     �Reading      ��analambanousin���察          �or�察  �if    after    Cobet�察     �etc。�察�

��lambanousin���察�transl。 ;what brilliant honour�察�what bright credit                       they 

assume。; 

     ��14�А �To have played his part in counsel。; See ;Anab。; passim�察�and M。 

Taine�察 �Essais de Critique�察─ �Xenophon�察─�p。 128。 

     ��15�А  �Lit。   ;they   do   not   indulge   in   false   additions�察  �pretending   to   have 

put more enemies to death than actually fell。; 

     ��16�А�Cf。 ;Hipparch�察─�viii。 11�察 �Cyrop。; VIII。 iii。 25�察 �Thuc。; i。 49。 

     But the tyrant�察�when he forebodes�察�or possibly perceives in actual fact�察�

some opposition brewing�察�and puts the suspects��17�А�to the sword�察�knows 

he will not thereby promote the welfare of the state collectively。 The cold 

clear   fact   is�察  �he   will   have   fewer   subjects   to   rule   over。��18�А  �How   can   he 

show      a   cheerful     countenance�殖�19�А        �how     magnify     himself     on    his 

achievement�拭  �On   the   contrary�察  �his   desire   is   to   lessen   the   proportions   of 

what has taken place�察�as far as may be。 He will apologise for what he does�察�

even in the doing of it�察�letting it appear that what he has wrought at least 

was innocent�撮�20�А�so little does his conduct seem noble even to himself。 

And when those he dreaded are safely in their graves�察�he is not one whit 



                                                15 


´ Page 16´

                                            Hiero 



more confident of spirit�察�but still more on his guard than heretofore。 That 

is   the  kind   of  war   with   which    the  tyrant  is  beset   from   day   to  day 

continually�察�as I do prove。��21�А�

     ��17�А�See Hold。 ��crit。 app。���察�Hartman�察�op。 cit。 p。 260。 

     ��18�А�Cf。 ;Mem。; I。 ii。 38。 

     ��19�А�Cf。 ;Anab。; II。 vi。 11�察 �Hell。; VI。 iv。 16。 

     ��20�А �Not of malice prepense。; 

     ��21�А�Or�察 �Such then�察�as I describe it�察�is the type of war�察─�etc。 



                                             16 


´ Page 17´

                                              Hiero 



                                              III 



     Turn now and contemplate the sort of friendship whereof it is given to 

tyrants   to   partake。   And   first�察  �let   us   examine   with   ourselves   and   see   if 

friendship is truly a great boon to mortal man。 

     How fares it with the man who is beloved of friends�拭�See with what 

gladness his friends and lovers hail his advent� �delight to do him kindness� �

long   for   him   when   he   is   absent   from   them�。�1�А  �and   welcome   him   most 

gladly on his return�。�2�А�In any good which shall betide him they rejoice 

together�察  �or   if   they   see   him   overtaken   by   misfortune�察  �they   rush   to   his 

assistance as one man。��3�А�

     ��1�А  �Reading   ��an   ate���察  �or   if   ��an   apie���察  �transl。   ;have   yearning   hearts 

when he must leave them。; 

     ��2�А�See Anton Rubinstein�察 �Die Musik and ihre Meister�察─�p。 8�察 �Some 

Remarks on Beethoven's Sonata Op。 81。; 

     ��3�А  �Cf。   ;Cyrop。;     I。  vi。  24   for  a  repetition    of   the  sentiment     and 

phraseology。 

     Nay� �it has not escaped the observation of states and governments that 

friendship   is   the   greatest   boon�察  �the   sweetest   happiness   which   men   may 

taste。   At   any    rate�察 �the   custom    holds��4�А   �in   many    states   ;to   slay   the 

adulterer; alone of all ;with impunity�察┌�5�А�for this reason clearly that such 

miscreants are held to be destroyers of that friendship��6�А�which binds the 

woman to the husband。 Since where by some untoward chance a woman 

suffers violation of her chastity�撮�7�А�husbands do not the less honour them�察�

as far as that goes�察�provided true affection still appear unsullied。��8�А�

     ��4�А�Lit。 ;many of the states have a law and custom to�察─�etc。 Cf。 ;Pol。 

Lac。; ii。 4。 

     ��5�А  �Cf。   Plat。   ;Laws�察─    �874   C�察   �if  a  man     find  his   wife   suffering 

violence  he   may   kill   the   violator   and be   guiltless   in   the   eye   of     the 

law。; Dem。 ;in Aristocr。; 53�察。�ean tis apokteine en athlois                     akon 。 。 。 e 

epi damarti�察�k。t。l。 。 。 。 touton eneka me pheugein                 kteinanta��。 

     ��6�А  �See   Lys。   ;de   caed    Eratosth。;    S。  32   f。�察 。�outos�察  �o  andres�察  �tous 

biazomenous elattonos zemias axious egesato einai e tous                        peithontas 。 



                                                17 


´ Page 18´

                                               Hiero 



ton   men   gar   thanaton   kategno�察  �tois   de   diplen   epoiese           ten   blaben�察�

egoumenos        tous   men     diaprattomenous       bia   upo    ton         biasthenton 

miseisthai�察�tous de   peisantas outos   aution   tas psukhas                 diaphth
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��