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a book of scoundrels(送惜岻慕)-及6何蛍
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his own mind。' Some there are�察�he continues�察�who have placed `this
beauty in vice itself�察�otherwise it is hardly probable that they could
commit so many irregularities with a strong gust and an appearance of
satisfaction。' Notwithstanding that the word `vice' is used in its
conventional sense�察�we have here the key to Captain Smith's position。
He judged his heroes' achievements with the intelligent impartiality of a
connoisseur�察�and he permitted no other prejudice than an unfailing loyalty
to interrupt his opinion。
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A BOOK OF SCOUNDRELS
Though he loved good English as he loved good wine�察�he was never so
happy as when ��in imagination�� he was tying the legs of a Regicide under
the belly of an ass。 And when in the manner of a bookseller's hack he
compiled a Comical and Tragical History of the Lives and Adventures of
the most noted Bayliffs�察�adoration of the Royalists persuaded him to miss
his chance。 So brave a spirit as himself should not have looked
complacently upon the officers of the law�察�but he saw in the glorification
of the bayliff another chance of castigating the Roundheads�察�and thus he
set an honorific crown upon the brow of man's natural enemy。 `These
unsanctified rascals��' wrote he�察 �would run into any man's debt without
paying him�察�and if their creditors were Cavaliers they thought they had as
much right to cheat 'em�察�as the Israelites had to spoil the Egyptians of their
ear´rings and jewels。' Alas� �the boot was ever on the other leg�察�and yet
you cannot but admire the Captain's valiant determination to sacrifice
probability to his legitimate hate。
Of his declining years and death there is no record。 One likes to
think of him released from care�察�and surrounded by books�察�flowers�察�and
the good things of this earth。 Now and again�察�maybe�察�he would muse on
the stirring deeds of his youth�察�and more often he would put away the
memory of action to delight in the masterpiece which made him immortal。
He would recall with pleasure�察�no doubt�察�the ready praise of Richard
Steele�察�his most appreciative critic�察�and smile contemptuously at the
baseness of his friend and successor�察�Captain Charles Johnson。 Now�察�this
ingenious writer was wont to boast�察�when the ale of Fleet Street had
empurpled his nose�察�that he was the most intrepid highwayman of them all。
`Once upon a time��' he would shout�察�with an arrogant gesture�察 �I was
known from Blackheath to Hounslow�察�from Ware to Shooter's Hill。' And
the truth is�察�the only `crime' he ever committed was plagiarism。 The self´
assumed title of Captain should have deceived nobody�察�for the braggart
never stole anything more difficult of acquisition than another man's
words。 He picked brains�察�not pockets�察�he committed the greater sin and
ran no risk。 He helped himself to the admirable inventions of Captain
Smith without apology or acknowledgment�察�and�察�as though to lighten the
dead´weight of his sin�察�he never skipped an opportunity of maligning his
22
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A BOOK OF SCOUNDRELS
victim。 Again and again in the very act to steal he will declare
vaingloriously that Captain Smith's stories are `barefaced inventions。'
But doubt was no check to the habit of plunder�察�and you knew that at
every reproach�察�expressed ��so to say�� in self´defence�察�he plied the scissors
with the greater energy。 The most cunning theft is the tag which adorns
the title´page of his book�此 �
Little villains oft submit to fate That great ones may
enjoy the world in state。
Thus he quotes from Gay�察�and you applaud the aptness of the quotation��
until you discover that already it was used by Steele in his appreciation of
the heroic Smith� �However�察�Johnson has his uses�察�and those to whom the
masterpiece of Captain Alexander is inaccessible will turn with pleasure to
the General History of the lives and adventures of the most Famous
Highwaymen�察�Murderers�察�Street´Robbers�察�&c。�察�and will feel no regret that
for once they are receiving stolen goods。
Though Johnson fell immeasurably below his predecessor in talent�察�he
manifestly excelled him in scholarship。 A sojourn at the University had
supplied him with a fine assortment of Latin tags�察�and he delighted to
prove his erudition by the citation of the Chronicles。 Had he possessed a
sense of humour�察�he might have smiled at the irony of committing a theft
upon the historian of thieves。 But he was too vain and too pompous to
smile at his own weakness�察�and thus he would pretend himself a
venturesome highwayman�察�a brave writer�察�and a profound scholar。
Indeed�察�so far did his pride carry him�察�that he would have the world
believe him the same Charles Johnson�察�who wrote The Gentleman Cully
and The Successful Pyrate。 Thus with a boastful chuckle he would
quote�此 �
Johnson�察�who now to sense�察�now nonsense leaning��
Means not�察�but blunders round about a meaning
Thus�察�ignoring the insult�察�he would plume himself after his drunken
fashion that he�察�too�察�was an enemy of Pope。
Yet Johnson has remained an example。 For the literature of
scoundrelism is as persistent in its form as in its folk´lore。 As Harman's
Caveat�察�which first saw the light in 1566�察�serves as a model to an unbroken
23
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A BOOK OF SCOUNDRELS
series of such books�察�as The London Spy�察�so from Johnson in due course
were developed the Newgate Calendar�察�and those innumerable records��
which the latter half of the Eighteenth Century furnished us forth。 The
celebrated Calendar was in its origin nothing more than a list of prisoners
printed in a folio slip。 But thereafter it became the Malefactor's Bloody
Register�察�which we know。 Its plan and purpose were to improve the
occasion。 The thief is no longer esteemed for an artist or appraised upon
his merits�此�he is the awful warning�察�which shall lead the sinner to
repentance。 `Here��' says the preface�察 �the giddy thoughtless youth may
see as in a mirror the fatal consequences of deviating from virtue'�察�here he
may tremble at the discovery that `often the best talents are prostituted to
the basest purposes。' But in spite of `the proper reflections of the whole
affair��' the famous Calendar deserved the praise of Borrow。 There is a
directness in the narration�察�which captures all those for whom life and
literature are something better than psychologic formul。 Moreover��
the motives which drive the brigand to his doom are brutal in their
simplicity�察�and withal as genuine and sincere as greed�察�vanity�察�and lust can
make them。 The true amateur takes pleasure even in the pious
exhortations�察�because he knows that they crawl into their place�察�lest the
hypocrite be scandalised。 But with years the Newgate Calendar also
declined�察�and at last it has followed other dead literatures into the night。
Meanwhile the broadside had enjoyed an unbroken and prosperous
career。 Up and down London�察�up and down England�察�hurried the Patterer
or Flying Stationer。 There was no murder�察�no theft�察�no conspiracy�察�which
did not tempt the Gutter Muse to doggerel。 But it was not until James
Catnach came up from Alnwick to London ��in 1813���察�that the trade
reached the top of its prosperity。 The vast sheets�察�which he published
with their scurvy couplets�察�and the admirable picture�察�serving in its time
for a hundred executions�察�have not lost their power to fascinate。 Theirs is
the aspect of the early woodcut�察�the coarse type and the catchpenny
headlines are a perpetual delight�察�as you unfold them�察�your care keeps
pace with your admiration�察�and you cannot feel them crackle beneath your
hand without enthusiasm and without regret。 He was no pedantJemmy
Catnach�察�and the image of his ruffians was commonly as far from
24
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A BOOK OF SCOUNDRELS
portraiture�察�as his verses were remote from poetry。 But he put together in
a roughly artistic shape the last murder�察�robbery�察�or scandal of the day。
His masterpieces were far too popular to live�察�and if they knew so vast a
circulation as 2��500��000 they are hard indeed to come by。 And now the
art is wellnigh dead�察�though you may discover an infrequent survival in a
country town。 But how should Catnach�察�were he alive to´day�察�compete
with the Special Edition of an evening print�拭 �
The decline of the Scoundrel�察�in fact�察�has been followed by the
disappearance of chap´book and broadside。 The Education Act�察�which
made the cheap novel a necessity�察�destroyed at a blow the literature of the
street。 Since the highwayman wandered�察�fur´ coated�察�into the City�察�the
patterer has lost his occupation。 Robbery and murder have degenerated
into Chinese puzzles�察�whose solution is a pleasant irritant to the idle brain。
The misunderstanding of Poe has produced a vast polyglot literature�察�for
which one would not give in exchange a single chapter of Captain Smith。
Vautrin and Bill Sykes are already discredited�察�and it is a false reflection of
M。 Dupin�察�which dazzles the eye of a moral and unimaginative world。
Yet the wise man sighs for those fearless days�察�when the brilliant
Macheath rode vizarded down Shooter's Hill�察�and presently saw his
exploits set forth�察�with the proper accompaniment of a renowned and
ancient woodcut�察�upon a penny broadside。
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A BOOK OF SCOUNDRELS
CAPTAIN HIND
JAMES HIND�察�the Master Thief of England�察�the fearless Captain of
the Highway�察�was born at Chipping Norton in 1618。 His father�察�a simple
saddler�察�had so poor an appreciation of his son's magnanimity�察�that he
apprenticed him to a butcher�察�but Hin
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