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memoirs of napoleon bonaparte, v10-及16何蛍

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     Austria�察�or that you should dismiss the French who are in your
     service。  I have recalled my Ambassador as I intend only to have a
     charge d'affaires in Holland。  The Sieur Serrurier�察�who remains
     there in that capacity�察�will communicate my intentions。  My
     Ambassador shall no longer be exposed to your insults。  Write to me
     no more of those set phrases which you have been repeating for the
     last three years�察�and the falsehood of which is proved every day。

     This is the last letter I will ever write to you as long as I live。

                              ��Signed��    NAPOLEON。

Thus reduced to the cruel alternative of crushing Holland with his own
hands�察�or leaving that task to the Emperor�察�Louis did not hesitate to lay
down his sceptre。  Having formed this resolution�察�he addressed a message
to the Legislative Body of the Kingdom of Holland explaining the motives
of his abdication。  The French troops entered Holland under the command
of the Duke of Reggio�察�and that marshal�察�who was more a king than the
King himself�察�threatened to occupy Amsterdam。  Louis then descended from
his throne�察�and four years after Napoleon was hurled from his。

In his act of abdication Louis declared that he had been driven to that
step by the unhappy state of his Kingdom�察�which he attributed to his
brother's unfavourable feelings towards him。  He added that he had made
every effort and sacrifice to put an end to that painful state of things��
and that�察�finally�察�he regarded himself as the cause of the continual
misunderstanding between the French Empire and Holland。  It is curious
that Louis thought he could abdicate the crown of Holland in favour of
his son�察�as Napoleon only four years after wished to abdicate his crown
in favour of the King of Rome。

Louis bade farewell to the people of Holland in a proclamation�察�after the
publication of which he repaired to the waters at Toeplitz。  There he was
living in tranquil retirement when he learned that his brother had united
Holland to the Empire。  He then published a protest�察�of which I obtained
a copy�察�though its circulation was strictly prohibited by the police。  In
this protest Louis said��


     The constitution of the state guaranteed by the Emperor�察�my brother��
     gave me the right of abdicating in favour of my children。  That
     abdication was made in the form and terms prescribed by the
     constitution。  The Emperor had no right to declare war against
     Holland�察�and he has not done so。

     There is no act�察�no dissent�察�no demand of the Dutch nation that can
     authorise the pretended union。

     My abdication does not leave the throne vacant。  I have abdicated
     only in favour of my children。

     As that abdication left Holland for twelve years under a regency��
     that is to say�察�under the direct influence of the Emperor�察�according
     to the terms of the constitution�察�there was no need of that union
     for executing every measure he might have in view against trade and
     against England�察�since his will was supreme in Holland。

     But I ascended the throne without any other conditions except those
     imposed upon me by my conscience�察�my duty�察�and the interest and
     welfare of my subjects。  I therefore declare before God and the
     independent sovereigns to whom I address myself

     First�察�That the treaty of the 16th of March 1810�察�which occasioned
     the separation of the province of Zealand and Brabant from Holland��
     was accepted by compulsion�察�and ratified conditionally by me in
     Paris�察�where I was detained against my will�察�and that�察�moreover�察�the
     treaty was never executed by the Emperor my brother。  Instead of
     6000 French troops which I was to maintain�察�according to the terms
     of the treaty�察�that number has been more than doubled�察�instead of
     occupying only the mouths of the rivers and the coasts�察�the French
     custom´horses have encroached into the interior of the country��
     instead of the interference of France being confined to the measures
     connected with the blockade of England�察�Dutch magazines have been
     seized and Dutch subjects arbitrarily imprisoned�察�finally�察�none of
     the verbal promises have been kept which were made in the Emperor's
     name by the Due de Cadore to grant indemnities for the countries
     ceded by the said treaty and to mitigate its execution�察�if the King
     would refer entirely to the Emperor�察�etc。  I declare�察�in my name�察�in
     the name of the nation and my son�察�the treaty of the 16th of March
     1810 to be null and void。

     Second�察�I declare that my abdication was forced by the Emperor�察�my
     brother�察�that it was made only as the last extremity�察�and on this
     one conditionthat I should maintain the rights of Holland and my
     children。  My abdication could only be made in their favour。

     Third�察�In my name�察�in the name of the King my son�察�who is as yet a
     minor�察�and in the name of the Dutch nation�察�I declare the pretended
     union of Holland to France�察�mentioned in the decree of the Emperor��
     my brother�察�dated the 9th of July last�察�to be null�察�void�察�illegal��
     unjust�察�and arbitrary in the eyes of God and man�察�and that the
     nation and the minor King will assert their just rights when
     circumstances permit them。
                                        ��Signed��LOUIS。
     August 1�察�1810。


Thus there seemed to be an end of all intercourse between these two
brothers�察�who were so opposite in character and disposition。  But
Napoleon�察�who was enraged that Louis should have presumed to protest�察�and
that in energetic terms�察�against the union of his Kingdom with the
Empire�察�ordered him to return to France�察�whither he was summoned in his
character of Constable and French Prince。  Louis�察�however�察�did not think
proper to obey this summons�察�and Napoleon�察�mindful of his promise of
never writing to him again�察�ordered the following letter to be addressed
to him by M。 Otto�察�who had been Ambassador from France to Vienna since
the then recent marriage of the Emperor with Maria Louisa

     SIRE��The Emperor directs me to write to your Majesty as follows��
     It is the duty of every French Prince�察�and every member of the
     Imperial family�察�to reside in France�察�whence they cannot absent
     themselves without the permission of the Emperor。  Before the union
     of Holland to the Empire the Emperor permitted the King to reside at
     Toeplitz�察�is Bohemia。  His health appeared to require the use of the
     waters�察�but now the Emperor requires that Prince Louis shall return��
     at the latest by the 1st of December next�察�under pain of being
     considered as disobeying the constitution of the Empire and the head
     of his family�察�and being treated accordingly。;

     I fulfil�察�Sire�察�word for word the mission with which I have been
     entrusted�察�and I send the chief secretary of the embassy to be
     assured that this letter is rightly delivered。  I beg your Majesty
     to accept the homage of my respect�察�etc。

                                             ��Signed��OTTO。

          ��The eldest son of Louis�察�one of the fruits of his unhappy
          marriage with Hortense Beauharnais�察�the daughter of Josephine��
          the wife of his brother Napoleon�察�was little more than six
          years of age when his father abdicated the crown of Holland in
          his favour。  In 1830´31 this imprudent young man joined the
          ill´combined mad insurrection in the States of the Pope。  He
          was present in one or two petty skirmishes�察�and was�察�we
          believe�察�wounded�察�but it was a malaria fever caught in the
          unhealthy Campagna of Rome that carried him to the grave in the
          twenty´seventh year of his age。Editor of 1836 edition。
          The first child of Louis and of Hortense had died in 1807。
          The second son�察�Napoleon Louis ��1804´1831�� in whose favour he
          abdicated had been created Grand Due de Berg et de Cleves by
          Napoleon in 1809。  He married to 1826 Charlotte�察�the daughter
          of Joseph Bonaparte�察�and died in 1831�察�while engaged in a
          revolutionary movement in Italy。  On his death his younger
          brother Charles Louis Napoleon�察�the future Napoleon III。�察�first
          came forward as an aspirant。��

What a letter was this to be addressed by a subject to a prince and a
sovereign。  When I afterwards saw M。 Otto in Paris�察�and conversed with
him on the subject�察�he assured me how much he had been distressed at the
necessity of writing such a letter to the brother of the Emperor。  He had
employed the expressions dictated by Napoleon in that irritation which he
could never command when his will was opposed。

     ��With regard to Louis and his conduct in Holland Napoleon thus
     spoke at St。 Helena��

     ;Louis is not devoid of intelligence�察�and has a good heart�察�but even
     with these qualifications a man may commit many errors�察�and do a
     great deal of mischief。  Louis is naturally inclined to be
     capricious and fantastical�察�and the works of Jean Jacques Rousseau
     have contributed to increase this disposition。  Seeking to obtain a
     reputation for sensibility and beneficence�察�incapable by himself of
     enlarged views�察�and�察�at most�察�competent to local details�察�Louis
     acted like a prefect rather than a King。

     ;No sooner had he arrived in Holland than�察�fancying that nothing
     could be finer than to have it said that be was thenceforth a true
     Dutchman�察�he attached himself entirely to the party favourable to
     the English�察�promoted smuggling�察�and than connived with our enemies。
     It became necessary from that moment watch over him�察�and even
     threaten to wage war against him。  Louis then seeking a refuge
     against the weakness of his disposition in the most stubborn
     obstinacy�察�and mistaking a public scandal for an act of glory�察�fled
     from his throne�察�declaiming against me and against my insatiable
     ambition�察�my intolerable tyranny�察�etc。  What then remained for me to
     do�拭 �Was I to abandon Holland to our enemies�拭 �Ought I to have giv
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