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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及12何蛍
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widely have these prejudices taken possession of men's minds�察�that very
few�察 �comparatively speaking�察 �will listen to reason。 ��6�� However�察 �I will
make the attempt�察�and spare no efforts�察�for there is no positive reason for
despairing of success。
��7�� In order to treat the subject methodically�察 �I will begin with the
received opinions concerning the true authors of the sacred books�察�and in
the first place�察 �speak of the author of the Pentateuch�察 �who is almost
universally supposed to have been Moses。 ��8�� The Pharisees are so firmly
convinced of his identity�察�that they account as a heretic anyone who differs
from them on the subject。 ��9�� Wherefore�察�Aben Ezra�察�a man of enlightened
intelligence�察�and no small learning�察�who was the first�察�so far as I know�察�to
treat of this opinion�察�dared not express his meaning openly�察�but confined
himself to dark hints which I shall not scruple to elucidate�察�thus throwing�察�
full light on the subject。
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��10�� The words of Aben Ezra which occur in his commentary on
Deuteronomy are as follows�此 �Beyond Jordan�察�&c 。 。 。 If so be that thou
understandest the mystery of the twelve 。 。 。 moreover Moses wrote the
law 。 。 。 The Canaanite was then in the land 。 。 。 。 it shall be revealed on
the mount of God 。 。 。 。 then also behold his bed�察�his iron bed�察�then shalt
thou know the truth。; ��11�� In these few words he hints�察�and also shows that
it was not Moses who wrote the Pentateuch�察�but someone who lived long
after him�察 �and further�察 �that the book which Moses wrote was something
different from any now extant。
��12�� To prove this�察�I say�察�he draws attention to the facts�此�
��13�� 1。 That the preface to Deuteronomy could not have been written
by Moses�察�inasmuch as he ad never crossed the Jordan。
��14�� II。 That the whole book of Moses was written at full length on the
circumference of a single altar ��Deut。 xxvii�察�and Josh。 viii��37���察�which altar�察�
according to the Rabbis�察 �consisted of only twelve stones�此 �therefore the
book of Moses must have been of far less extent than the Pentateuch。 ��15��
This is what our author means�察 �I think�察 �by the mystery of the twelve�察�
unless he is referring to the twelve curses contained in the chapter of
Deuteronomy above cited�察 �which he thought could not have been
contained in the law�察�because Moses bade the Levites read them after the
recital of the law�察�and so bind the people to its observance。 ��16�� Or again�察�
he may have had in his mind the last chapter of Deuteronomy which treats
of the death of Moses�察�and which contains twelve verses。 ��17�� But there is
no need to dwell further on these and similar conjectures。
��18�� III。 That in Deut。 xxxi��9�察�the expression occurs�察 �and Moses wrote
the law�此─ �words that cannot be ascribed to Moses�察 �but must be those of
some other writer narrating the deeds and writings of Moses。
��19�� IV。 That in Genesis xii��6�察 �the historian�察 �after narrating that
Abraham journeyed through the and of Canaan�察�adds�察 �and the Canaanite
was then in the land�察─�thus clearly excluding the time at which he wrote。
��20�� So that this passage must have been written after the death of Moses�察�
when the Canaanites had been driven out�察 �and no longer possessed the
land。
��21�� Aben Ezra�察 �in his commentary on the passage�察 �alludes to the
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difficulty as follows�此� ;And the Canaanite was then in the land�此�it appears
that Canaan�察 �the grandson of Noah�察 �took from another the land which
bears his name�察�if this be not the true meaning�察�there lurks some mystery
in the passage�察�and let him who understands it keep silence。; ��22�� That is�察�
if Canaan invaded those regions�察�the sense will be�察�the Canaanite was then
in the land�察 �in contradistinction to the time when it had been held by
another�此 �but if�察 �as follows from Gen。 chap。 x。 Canaan was the first to
inhabit the land�察�the text must mean to exclude the time present�察�that is the
time at which it was written�察�therefore it cannot be the work of Moses�察�in
whose time the Canaanites still possessed those territories�此 �this is the
mystery concerning which silence is recommended。
��23�� V。 That in Genesis xxii��14 Mount Moriah is called the mount of
God�察。�Endnote 9�В察�a name which it did not acquire till after the building of
the Temple�察�the choice of the mountain was not made in the time of Moses�察�
for Moses does not point out any spot as chosen by God�察�on the contrary�察�
he foretells that God will at some future time choose a spot to which this
name will be given。
��24�� VI。 Lastly�察�that in Deut。 chap。 iii。�察�in the passage relating to Og�察�
king of Bashan�察 �these words are inserted�此 �For only Og king of Bashan
remained of the remnant of giants�此�behold�察�his bedstead was a bedstead of
iron�此�is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon�拭�nine cubits was the
length thereof�察�and four cubits the breadth of it�察�after the cubit of a man。;
��25�� This parenthesis most plainly shows that its writer lived long after
Moses�察 �for this mode of speaking is only employed by one treating of
things long past�察�and pointing to relics for the sake of gaining credence�此�
moreover�察 �this bed was almost certainly first discovered by David�察 �who
conquered the city of Rabbath ��2 Sam。 xii��30。�� ��26�� Again�察�the historian a
little further on inserts after the words of Moses�察 �Jair�察 �the son of
Manasseh�察�took all the country of Argob unto the coasts of Geshuri and
Maachathi�察�and called them after his own name�察�Bashan´havoth´jair�察�unto
this day。; ��27�� This passage�察 �I say�察 �is inserted to explain the words of
Moses which precede it。 ��28�� ;And the rest of Gilead�察 �and all Bashan�察�
being the kingdom of Og�察�gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh�察�all the
region of Argob�察�with all Bashan�察�which is called the land of the giants。;
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��29�� The Hebrews in the time of the writer indisputably knew what
territories belonged to the tribe of Judah�察�but did not know them under the
name of the jurisdiction of Argob�察�or the land of the giants。 ��30�� Therefore
the writer is compelled to explain what these places were which were
anciently so styled�察�and at the same time to point out why they were at the
time of his writing known by the name of Jair�察 �who was of the tribe of
Manasseh�察 �not of Judah。 ��31�� We have thus made clear the meaning of
Aben Ezra and also the passages of the Pentateuch which he cites in proof
of his contention。 ��32�� However�察 �Aben Ezra does not call attention to
every instance�察 �or even the chief ones�察 �there remain many of greater
importance�察�which may be cited。 ��33�� Namely ��I。���察�that the writer of the
books in question not only speaks of Moses in the third person�察�but also
bears witness to many details concerning him�察�for instance�察 �Moses talked
with God�察─ �The Lord spoke with Moses face to face�察 ─ �Moses was the
meekest of men; ��Numb。 xii��3���察 �Moses was wrath with the captains of the
host�察 �Moses�察 �the man of God�察 �Moses�察 �the servant of the Lord�察 �died�察─�
;There was never a prophet in Israel like unto Moses�察─ �&c。 ��34�� On the
other hand�察�in Deuteronomy�察�where the law which Moses had expounded
to the people and written is set forth�察�Moses speaks and declares what he
has done in the first person�此 �God spake with me ; ��Deut。 ii��1�察�17�察�&c。���察 �I
prayed to the Lord�察─ �&c。 ��35�� Except at the end of the book�察 �when the
historian�察�after relating the words of Moses�察�begins again to speak in the
third person�察 �and to tell how Moses handed over the law which he had
expounded to the people in writing�察�again admonishing them�察�and further�察�
how Moses ended his life。 ��36�� All these details�察�the manner of narration�察�
the testimony�察 �and the context of the whole story lead to the plain
conclusion that these books were written by another�察�and not by Moses in
person。
��37�� III。 We must also remark that the history relates not only the
manner of Moses' death and burial�察�and the thirty days' mourning of the
Hebrews�察�but further compares him with all the prophets who came after
him�察�and states that he surpassed them all。 ��38�� ;There was never a prophet
in Israel like unto Moses�察�whom the Lord knew face to face。; ��39�� Such
testimony cannot have been given of Moses by�察�himself�察�nor by any who
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immediately succeeded him�察 �but it must come from someone who lived
centuries afterwards�察�especially�察�as the historian speaks of past times。 ��40��
;There was never a prophet�察─�&c。 ��41�� And of the place of burial�察 �No one
knows it to this day。;
��42�� III。 We must note that some places are not styled by the
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