嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及12何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


widely have these prejudices taken possession of men's   minds�察�that very 

few�察  �comparatively   speaking�察  �will   listen   to   reason。   ��6��   However�察  �I   will 

make the attempt�察�and spare no efforts�察�for there is no positive reason for 

despairing of success。 

     ��7��   In   order   to   treat   the   subject   methodically�察  �I   will   begin   with   the 

received opinions concerning the true authors of the sacred books�察�and in 

the   first  place�察  �speak   of  the   author   of  the   Pentateuch�察   �who    is  almost 

universally supposed to have been Moses。 ��8�� The Pharisees are so firmly 

convinced of his identity�察�that they account as a heretic anyone who differs 

from them on the subject。 ��9�� Wherefore�察�Aben Ezra�察�a man of enlightened 

intelligence�察�and no small learning�察�who was the first�察�so far as I know�察�to 

treat of this opinion�察�dared not express his meaning openly�察�but confined 

himself to dark hints which I shall not scruple to elucidate�察�thus throwing�察�

full light on the subject。 



                                             41 


´ Page 42´

                             A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2 



     ��10��   The   words   of   Aben      Ezra   which   occur   in   his   commentary   on 

Deuteronomy are as follows�此 �Beyond Jordan�察�&c 。 。 。 If so be that thou 

understandest the mystery of the twelve 。 。 。               moreover Moses wrote the 

law 。 。 。    The Canaanite was then in the land 。 。 。 。 it shall be revealed on 

the mount of God 。 。 。 。 then also behold his bed�察�his iron bed�察�then shalt 

thou know the truth。; ��11�� In these few words he hints�察�and also shows that 

it was not Moses who wrote the Pentateuch�察�but someone who lived long 

after him�察 �and   further�察 �that the   book   which   Moses   wrote  was   something 

different from any now extant。 

     ��12�� To prove this�察�I say�察�he draws attention to the facts�此�

     ��13�� 1。 That the preface to Deuteronomy could not have been written 

by Moses�察�inasmuch as he ad never crossed the Jordan。 

     ��14�� II。 That the whole book of Moses was written at full length on the 

circumference of a single altar ��Deut。 xxvii�察�and Josh。 viii��37���察�which altar�察�

according   to   the   Rabbis�察  �consisted   of   only   twelve   stones�此  �therefore   the 

book of Moses must have been of far less extent than the Pentateuch。 ��15�� 

This   is   what   our   author   means�察  �I   think�察  �by   the   mystery   of   the   twelve�察�

unless   he   is   referring   to   the   twelve   curses   contained   in   the   chapter   of 

Deuteronomy         above     cited�察  �which     he   thought     could    not   have    been 

contained in the law�察�because Moses bade the Levites read them after the 

recital of the law�察�and so bind the people to its observance。 ��16�� Or again�察�

he may have had in his mind the last chapter of Deuteronomy which treats 

of the death of Moses�察�and which contains twelve verses。 ��17�� But there is 

no need to dwell further on these and similar conjectures。 

     ��18�� III。 That in Deut。 xxxi��9�察�the expression occurs�察 �and Moses wrote 

the law�此─  �words   that   cannot   be   ascribed   to   Moses�察  �but   must   be   those   of 

some other writer narrating the deeds and writings of Moses。 

     ��19��    IV。  That    in  Genesis     xii��6�察 �the   historian�察   �after  narrating    that 

Abraham journeyed through the and of Canaan�察�adds�察 �and the Canaanite 

was then in the land�察─�thus clearly excluding the time at which he wrote。 

��20�� So that this passage must have been written after the death of Moses�察�

when   the   Canaanites   had   been   driven   out�察  �and   no   longer   possessed   the 

land。 

     ��21��   Aben   Ezra�察  �in   his   commentary   on   the   passage�察  �alludes   to   the 



                                              42 


´ Page 43´

                              A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2 



difficulty as follows�此� ;And the Canaanite was then in the land�此�it appears 

that   Canaan�察  �the   grandson   of   Noah�察  �took   from   another   the   land   which 

bears his name�察�if this be not the true meaning�察�there lurks some mystery 

in the passage�察�and let him who understands it keep silence。; ��22�� That is�察�

if Canaan invaded those regions�察�the sense will be�察�the Canaanite was then 

in   the   land�察  �in   contradistinction   to   the   time   when   it   had   been   held   by 

another�此  �but   if�察  �as   follows   from   Gen。   chap。   x。   Canaan   was   the   first   to 

inhabit the land�察�the text must mean to exclude the time present�察�that is the 

time at which it was written�察�therefore it cannot be the work of Moses�察�in 

whose   time   the   Canaanites   still   possessed   those   territories�此  �this   is        the 

mystery concerning which silence is recommended。 

     ��23�� V。 That in Genesis xxii��14 Mount Moriah is called the mount of 

God�察。�Endnote 9�В察�a name which it did not acquire till after the building of 

the Temple�察�the choice of the mountain was not made in the time of Moses�察�

for Moses does not point out any spot as chosen by God�察�on the contrary�察�

he foretells that God will at some future time choose a spot to which this 

name will be given。 

     ��24�� VI。 Lastly�察�that in Deut。 chap。 iii。�察�in the passage relating to Og�察�

king   of   Bashan�察  �these   words   are  inserted�此   �For   only  Og   king   of   Bashan 

remained of the remnant of giants�此�behold�察�his bedstead was a bedstead of 

iron�此�is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon�拭�nine cubits was the 

length thereof�察�and four cubits the breadth of it�察�after the cubit of a man。; 

��25��  This   parenthesis   most   plainly   shows   that   its   writer   lived   long   after 

Moses�察  �for   this   mode   of   speaking   is   only   employed   by   one   treating   of 

things long past�察�and pointing to relics for the sake of gaining credence�此�

moreover�察  �this   bed   was   almost   certainly   first   discovered   by   David�察  �who 

conquered the city of Rabbath ��2 Sam。 xii��30。�� ��26�� Again�察�the historian a 

little   further    on   inserts   after   the   words    of   Moses�察     �Jair�察  �the   son   of 

Manasseh�察�took all   the country  of Argob unto  the coasts   of Geshuri   and 

Maachathi�察�and called them after his own name�察�Bashan´havoth´jair�察�unto 

this   day。;   ��27��   This   passage�察  �I   say�察  �is   inserted   to   explain   the   words   of 

Moses   which   precede   it。   ��28��   ;And   the   rest   of   Gilead�察  �and   all   Bashan�察�

being the kingdom of Og�察�gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh�察�all the 

region of Argob�察�with all Bashan�察�which is called the land of the giants。; 



                                               43 


´ Page 44´

                              A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2 



��29��    The    Hebrews      in  the   time   of  the   writer   indisputably      knew     what 

territories belonged to the tribe of Judah�察�but did not know them under the 

name of the jurisdiction of Argob�察�or the land of the giants。 ��30�� Therefore 

the   writer   is   compelled   to   explain   what   these   places   were   which   were 

anciently so styled�察�and at the same time to point out why they were at the 

time   of   his   writing   known   by  the name   of   Jair�察  �who   was of   the tribe   of 

Manasseh�察  �not   of   Judah。   ��31��   We   have   thus   made   clear   the   meaning   of 

Aben Ezra and also the passages of the Pentateuch which he cites in proof 

of   his   contention。   ��32��   However�察  �Aben   Ezra   does   not   call   attention   to 

every   instance�察     �or  even    the  chief   ones�察   �there   remain    many   of    greater 

importance�察�which may be cited。 ��33�� Namely ��I。���察�that the writer of the 

books in question not only speaks of Moses in the third person�察�but also 

bears witness to many details concerning him�察�for instance�察 �Moses talked 

with God�察─ �The Lord spoke with Moses face to face�察 ─ �Moses was the 

meekest of men; ��Numb。 xii��3���察 �Moses was wrath with the captains of the 

host�察   �Moses�察  �the   man   of   God�察   �Moses�察  �the   servant   of   the   Lord�察  �died�察─�

;There was never a prophet in Israel   like unto Moses�察─  �&c。 ��34�� On   the 

other hand�察�in Deuteronomy�察�where the law which Moses had expounded 

to the people and written is set forth�察�Moses speaks and declares what he 

has done in the first person�此 �God spake with me ; ��Deut。 ii��1�察�17�察�&c。���察 �I 

prayed   to   the   Lord�察─  �&c。   ��35��   Except   at   the   end   of   the   book�察  �when   the 

historian�察�after relating the words of Moses�察�begins again to speak in the 

third   person�察  �and   to   tell   how   Moses   handed   over   the   law   which   he   had 

expounded to the people in writing�察�again admonishing them�察�and further�察�

how Moses ended his life。 ��36�� All these details�察�the manner of narration�察�

the    testimony�察    �and   the   context    of   the  whole     story   lead   to   the  plain 

conclusion that these books were written by another�察�and not by Moses in 

person。 

     ��37��   III。   We   must   also   remark   that   the   history   relates   not   only   the 

manner of Moses' death and burial�察�and the thirty days'   mourning of the 

Hebrews�察�but further compares him with all the prophets who came after 

him�察�and states that he surpassed them all。 ��38�� ;There was never a prophet 

in Israel like unto Moses�察�whom the Lord knew face to face。; ��39�� Such 

testimony cannot have been given of Moses by�察�himself�察�nor by any who 



                                               44 


´ Page 45´

                              A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2 



immediately  succeeded   him�察  �but   it   must   come   from   someone   who   lived 

centuries afterwards�察�especially�察�as the historian speaks of past times。 ��40�� 

;There was never a prophet�察─�&c。 ��41�� And of the place of burial�察 �No one 

knows it to this day。; 

     ��42�� III。 We   must note   that some places are   not styled by the
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��