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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及13何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



knows it to this day。; 

     ��42�� III。 We   must note   that some places are   not styled by the names 

they    bore    during    Moses'     lifetime�察  �but   by   others    which    they    obtained 

subsequently。   ��43��   For   instance�察  �Abraham   is   said   to   have   pursued   his 

enemies even unto Dan�察�a name not bestowed on the city till long after the 

death of Joshua ��Gen。 xiv��14�察�Judges xviii��29��。 

     ��44��   IV。   The   narrative   is   prolonged   after   the   death   of   Moses�察  �for   in 

Exodus   xvi��34   we   read   that   ;   the   children   of   Israel   did   eat   manna   forty 

years until they came to a land inhabited�察�until they came unto the borders 

of the land of Canaan。; ��45�� In other words�察�until the time alluded to in 

Joshua vi��12。 

     ��46�� So�察�too�察�in Genesis xxxvi��31 it is stated�察 �These are the kings that 

reigned in Edom before there reigned any king over the children of Israel。; 

��47�� The historian�察�doubtless�察�here relates the kings of Idumaea before that 

territory was conquered by David ��Endnote 10�А�and garrisoned�察�as we read 

in 2 Sam。 viii��14。 ��48�� From what has been said�察�it is thus clearer than the 

sun   at   noonday   that   the   Pentateuch   was   not   written   by   Moses�察  �but   by 

someone who lived long after Moses。 ��49�� Let us now turn our attention to 

the   books   which   Moses   actually   did   write�察  �and   which   are   cited   in   the 

Pentateuch�察  �thus�察  �also�察  �shall   we   see   that   they   were   different   from   the 

Pentateuch。 ��50�� Firstly�察�it appears from Exodus xvii��14 that Moses�察�by the 

command of God�察�wrote an account of the war against Amalek。 ��51�� The 

book in   which he did   so is   not named   in the chapter  just quoted�察 �but in 

Numb。 xxi��12 a book is referred to under the title of the wars of God�察�and 

doubtless this war against Amalek and the castrametations said in Numb。 

xxxiii��2 to have been written by Moses are therein described。 ��52�� We hear 

also   in   Exod。   xxiv��4   of   another   book   called   the   Book   of   the   Covenant�察�

which Moses read before the   Israelites when  they first   made a   covenant 

with God。 ��53�� But this book or this writing contained very little�察�namely�察�

the laws or commandments of God which we find in Exodus xx��22 to the 

end   of   chap。   xxiv。�察  �and   this   no   one   will   deny   who   reads   the   aforesaid 



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chapter   rationally   and   impartially。   ��54��   It   is   there   stated   that   as   soon   as 

Moses   had   learnt   the   feeling   of   the   people   on   the   subject   of   making   a 

covenant with God�察�he immediately wrote down God's laws and utterances�察�

and in the morning�察�after some ceremonies had been performed�察�read out 

the conditions of the covenant to an assembly of the whole people。 ��55�� 

When these had been gone through�察�and doubtless understood by all�察�the 

whole people gave their assent。 

     ��56�� Now from the shortness of the time taken in its perusal and also 

from its nature as a compact�察�this document evidently contained nothing 

more than that which we have just described。 ��57�� Further�察�it is clear that 

Moses   explained   all   the   laws   which   he had   received in the   fortieth   year 

after the exodus from Egypt�察�also that he bound over the people a second 

time to observe them�察�and that finally he committed them to writing ��Deut。 

i��5�察�xxix��14�察�xxxi��9���察�in a book which contained these laws explained�察�and 

the new covenant�察�and this book was therefore called the book of the law 

of God�此�the same which was afterwards added to by Joshua when he set 

forth the fresh covenant with which he bound over the people and which 

he entered into with God ��Josh。 xxiv��25�察�26��。 

     ��58��   Now�察  �as   we   have   extent   no   book   containing   this   covenant   of 

Moses and also the covenant of Joshua�察�we must perforce conclude that it 

has perished�察�unless�察�indeed�察�we adopt the wild conjecture of the Chaldean 

paraphrast Jonathan�察�and twist about the words of Scripture to our heart's 

content。     ��59��  This   commentator�察      �in  the  face   of  our   present    difficulty�察�

preferred corrupting the sacred text to confessing his own ignorance。 ��60�� 

The passage in the book of Joshua which runs�察 �and Joshua wrote  these 

words in the book of the law of God�察─�he changes into ;and Joshua wrote 

these words and kept them with the book of the law of God。; ��61�� What is 

to be done with persons who will only see what pleases them�拭。�62�� What 

is such a proceeding if it is not denying Scripture�察�and inventing another 

Bible out of our own heads�拭。�63�� We may therefore conclude that the book 

of   the   law   of  God    which    Moses     wrote    was   not   the  Pentateuch�察    �but 

something quite different�察�which the author of the Pentateuch duly inserted 

into   his   book。   ��64��   So   much   is   abundantly   plain   both   from   what   I   have 

said    and   from    what   I  am    about   to  add。   ��65��   For   in  the   passage    of 



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Deuteronomy above quoted�察�where it is related that Moses wrote the book 

of the law�察�the historian adds that he handed it over to the priests and bade 

them read it out at a stated time to the whole people。 ��66�� This shows that 

the   work   was   of   much   less   length   than   the   Pentateuch�察  �inasmuch   as   it 

could be read through at one sitting so as to be understood by all�察�further�察�

we must not omit to notice that out of all the books which Moses wrote�察�

this one book of the second covenant and the song ��which latter he wrote 

afterwards so that all the people might learn it���察�was the only one which he 

caused to be religiously guarded and preserved。 ��67�� In the first covenant 

he    had   only   bound     over   those   who    were    present�察   �but  in   the  second 

covenant   he   bound   over   all   their   descendants   also   ��Dent。   xxix��14���察  �and 

therefore      ordered    this   covenant     with    future    ages    to  be   religiously 

preserved�察  �together   with       the   Song�察  �which   was    especially   addressed      to 

posterity�此�as�察�then�察�we have no proof that Moses wrote any book save this 

of the covenant�察�and as he committed no other to the care of posterity�察�and�察�

lastly�察  �as   there   are   many  passages   in the   Pentateuch   which   Moses   could 

not have written�察�it follows that the belief that Moses was the author of the 

Pentateuch is ungrounded and even irrational。 ��68�� Someone will perhaps 

ask   whether  Moses   did   not   also   write  down   other   laws   when   they   were 

first revealed to him ´ in other words�察�whether�察�during the course of forty 

years�察�he did not write down any of the laws which he promulgated�察�save 

only those few which I have stated to be contained in the book of the first 

covenant。 ��69�� To this I would answer�察�that although it seems reasonable to 

suppose that Moses wrote down the laws at the time when he wished to 

communicate them  to   the people�察  �yet   we   are   not   warranted to   take   it   as 

proved�察�for I have shown above that we must make no assertions in such 

matters which we do not gather from Scripture�察�or which do not flow as 

legitimate   consequences   from   its   fundamental   principles。   ��70��   We   must 

not accept whatever is reasonably probable。 ��71�� However even reason in 

this case would not force such a conclusion upon us�此�for it may be that the 

assembly of elders wrote down the decrees of Moses and communicated 

them  to   the   people�察  �and   the   historian   collected   them�察  �and   duly   set   them 

forth in his narrative of the life of Moses。 ��72�� So much for the five books 

of Moses�此�it is now time for us to turn to the other sacred writings。 



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     ��73��   The   book   of   Joshua   may   be   proved   not   to   be   an   autograph   by 

reasons similar to those we have just employed�此�for it must be some other 

than   Joshua   who   testifies   that   the   fame   of   Joshua   was   spread   over   the 

whole   world�察  �that   he   omitted   nothing   of   what   Moses   had   taught   ��Josh。 

vi��27�察�viii。 last verse�察�xi��15���察�that he grew old and summoned an assembly 

of    the   whole     people�察    �and    finally    that   he   departed     this   life。   ��74�� 

Furthermore�察�events are related which took place after Joshua's death。 ��75�� 

For instance�察�that the Israelites worshipped God�察�after his death�察�so long as 

there were any old men alive who remembered him�察�and in chap。 xvi��10�察�

we   read   that   ;Ephraim   and   Manasseh   did   not   drive   out   the   Canaanites 

which dwelt in Gezer�察�but the Canaanite dwelt in the land of Ephraim unto 

this day�察�and was tributary to him。; ��76�� This is the same statement as that 

in Judges�察 �chap。  i。�察  �and  the phrase   ;unto this  day;   shows   that the   writer 

was speaking of ancient times。 ��77�� With these texts we may compare the 

last verse of chap。 xv。�察�concerning the sons of Judah�察�and also the history 

of   Caleb   in   the   same   chap。   v��14。   ��78��   Further�察  �the   building   of   an   altar 

beyond Jordan by the two tribes and a half�察�chap。 xxii��10�察�sqq。�察�seems to 

have taken place after the death of Joshua�察�for in the whole narrative his 

name is never mentioned�察�but the people alone held council as to waging 

war�察�sent out legates�察�waited for their return�察�and finally approved of their 

answer。 

     ��79�� Lastly�察�from chap。 x��14�察�it is clear that the book was written many 

generations after the death of Joshua�察�for it bears w
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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