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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及14何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



generations after the death of Joshua�察�for it bears witness ��there was never 

any�察�day like unto�察�that day�察�either before or after�察�that the Lord hearkened 

to the voice of a man�察─�&c。 ��80�� If�察�therefore�察�Joshua wrote any book at all�察�

it was that which is quoted in the work now before us�察�chap。 x��13。 

     ��81�� With regard to the book of Judges�察�I suppose no rational person 

persuades   himself   that   it   was   written   by   the   actual   Judges。   ��82��   For   the 

conclusion of the whole history contained in chap。 ii。 clearly shows that it 

is all the work ´ of a single historian。 ��83�� Further�察�inasmuch as the writer 

frequently tells us that there was then no king in Israel�察�it is evident that 

the book was written after the establishment of the monarchy。 

     ��84�� The  books   of   Samuel   need   not   detain   us   long�察  �inasmuch   as   the 

narrative in them is continued long after Samuel's death�察�but I should like 



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to   draw   attention   to   the   fact   that   it   was   written   many   generations   after 

Samuel's death。 ��85�� For in book i。 chap。 ix��9�察�the historian remarks in a�察�

parenthesis�察 �Beforetime�察 �in   Israel�察 �when   a man   went   to   inquire of   God�察�

thus he spake�此�Come�察�and let us go to the seer�察�for he that is now called a 

prophet was beforetime called a seer。; 

     ��86�� Lastly�察�the books of Kings�察�as we gather from internal evidence�察�

were compiled from the books of King Solomon ��I Kings xi��41���察�from the 

chronicles of the kings of Judah ��1 Kings xiv��19�察�29���察�and the chronicles of 

the kings of Israel。 

     ��87��     We    may�察   �therefore�察    �conclude     that   all   the   books     we    have 

considered       hitherto    are  compilations�察     �and    that  the   events    therein    are 

recorded      as  having     happened      in  old   time。   ��88��   Now�察    �if  we   turn   our 

attention   to   the   connection   and   argument   of   all   these   books�察  �we   shall 

easily see that they were all written by a single historian�察�who wished to 

relate   the   antiquities   of   the   Jews   from   their   first   beginning   down   to   the 

first destruction of the city。 ��89�� The way in which the several books are 

connected one with the other is alone enough to show us that they form the 

narrative of one and the same writer。 ��90�� For as soon as he has related the 

life of Moses�察�the historian thus passes on to the story of Joshua�此 �And it 

came to pass after that Moses the servant of the Lord was dead�察�that God 

spake unto Joshua�察─�&c。�察�so in the same way�察�after the death of Joshua was 

concluded�察�he passes with identically the same transition and connection 

to the history of   the Judges�此   �And it came   to pass   after that   Joshua   was 

dead�察�that the children of Israel sought from God�察─�&c。 ��91�� To the book of 

Judges he adds the story of Ruth�察�as a sort of appendix�察�in these words�此�

;Now it came to pass in the days that the judges ruled�察�that there was a 

famine in the land。; 

     ��92�� The first book of Samuel is introduced with a similar phrase�察�and 

so is the second book of Samuel。 ��93�� Then�察�before the history of David is 

concluded�察�the historian passes in the same way to the first book of Kings�察�

and�察�after David's death�察�to the Second book of Kings。 

     ��94�� The   putting   together�察  �and   the   order   of   the   narratives�察  �show   that 

they   are   all   the   work   of   one   man�察  �writing   with   a   create   aim�察  �for   the 

historian   begins   with   relating   the   first   origin   of   the   Hebrew   nation�察  �and 



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then sets   forth in   order the times   and the  occasions   in which Moses   put 

forth his laws�察�and made his predictions。 ��95�� He then proceeds to relate 

how the   Israelites   invaded the   promised land in   accordance   with   Moses' 

prophecy ��Deut。 vii。���察�and how�察�when the land was subdued�察�they turned 

their backs on their laws�察 �and thereby incurred many  misfortunes   ��Deut。 

xxxi��16�察  �17��。   ��96��   He   tells   how   they   wished   to   elect   rulers�察  �and   how�察�

according       as  these    rulers   observed     the   law�察  �the   people    flourished     or 

suffered ��Deut。 xxviii��36���察�finally�察�how destruction came upon the nation�察�

even as Moses had foretold。 ��97�� In regard to other matters�察�which do not 

serve to confirm the law�察�the writer either passes over them in silence�察�or 

refers the reader to other books for information。 ��98�� All that is set down 

in the books we have conduces to the sole object of setting forth the words 

and laws of Moses�察�and proving them by subsequent events。��99�� When we 

put together these three considerations�察�namely�察�the unity of the subject of 

all   the   books�察  �the   connection   between   them�察  �and   the   fact   that   they   are 

compilations made many generations after the events they relate had taken 

place�察�we come to the conclusion�察�as I have just stated�察�that they are all the 

work of a single historian。 ��100�� Who this historian was�察�it is not so easy 

to   show�察  �but   I   suspect   that   he   was   Ezra�察  �and   there   are   several   strong 

reasons for adopting this hypothesis。 

     ��101�� The historian whom we already know to be but one individual 

brings his   history  down to the   liberation of   Jehoiakim�察  �and   adds that   he 

himself   sat   at   the   king's   table   all   his   life   ´   that   is�察  �at   the   table   either   of 

Jehoiakim�察�or of the son of Nebuchadnezzar�察�for the sense of the passage is 

ambiguous�此�hence it follows that he did not live before the time of Ezra。 

��102�� But Scripture does   not testify of any  except of Ezra ��Ezra   vii��10���察�

that he ;prepared his heart to seek the law of the Lord�察�and to set it forth�察�

and     further   that   he  was    a  ready    scribe    in  the   law   of   Moses。;     ��103�� 

Therefore�察  �I   can   not   find   anyone�察  �save   Ezra�察  �to   whom   to   attribute   the 

sacred books。 

     ��104��   Further�察  �from   this   testimony   concerning   Ezra�察  �we   see   that   he 

prepared his heart�察�not only to seek the law of the Lord�察�but also to set it 

forth�察�and�察�in Nehemiah viii��8�察�we read that ;they read in the book of the 

law of God distinctly�察�and gave the sense�察�and caused them to understand 



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the reading。; 

     ��105�� As�察�then�察�in Deuteronomy�察�we find not only the book of the law 

of   Moses�察  �or   the   greater   part   of   it�察  �but   also   many  things   inserted   for   its 

better explanation�察�I conjecture that this Deuteronomy is the book of the 

law of God�察�written�察�set forth�察�and explained by Ezra�察�which is referred to 

in   the   text   above   quoted。   ��106��   Two   examples   of   the   way   matters   were 

inserted   parenthetically   in   the   text   of   Deuteronomy�察  �with   a   view   to   its 

fuller   explanation�察  �we   have   already   given�察  �in   speaking   of   Aben   Ezra's 

opinion。   ��107��   Many   others   are   found          in  the   course    of   the   work�此   �for 

instance�察�in chap。 ii��12�此 �The Horims dwelt also in Seir beforetime�察�but the 

children   of   Esau   succeeded   them�察  �when   they   had   destroyed   them   from 

before   them�察  �and   dwelt   in   their   stead�察  �as   Israel   did   unto   the   land   of   his 

possession�察�which the Lord gave unto them。; ��108�� This explains verses 3 

and 4 of the same chapter�察�where it is stated that Mount Seir�察�which had 

come to the children of Esau for a possession�察�did not fall into their hands 

uninhabited�察  �but   that   they   invaded   it�察  �and   turned   out   and   destroyed   the 

Horims�察  �who   formerly   dwelt   therein�察  �even   as   the   children   of   Israel   had 

done unto the Canaanites after the death of Moses。 

     ��109��   So�察  �also�察  �verses   6�察  �7�察  �8�察  �9�察  �of   the   tenth   chapter   are   inserted 

parenthetically among the words of Moses。 Everyone must see that verse 8�察�

which      begins�察    �At    that   time    the   Lord    separated     the   tribe   of   Levi�察─�

necessarily refers to verse 5�察�and not to the death of Aaron�察�which is only 

mentioned   here        by   Ezra   because      Moses�察    �in  telling   of  the   golden     calf 

worshipped by the people�察�stated that he had prayed for Aaron。 

     ��110�� He then explains that at the time at which Moses spoke�察�God had 

chosen for  Himself  the  tribe of  Levi   in   order that He  may  point   out the 

reason     for   their  election�察   �and    for  the   fact   of  their   not   sharing    in  the 

inheritance�察�after this digression�察�he resumes the thread of Moses' speech。 

��111�� To these parentheses we must add the preface to the book�察�and all the 

passages in which Moses is spoken of in the third person�察�besides many 

which   we   cannot   now   distinguish�察  �though�察  �doubtless�察  �they   would   have 

been plainly recognized by the writer's contemporaries。 

     ��112�� If�察�I say�察�we were in possession of the book of the law as Moses 

wrote it�察�I do not doubt that we should find a great difference in the words 



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of   the   precepts�察  �the   order   in   which   they   are   given�察  �and   the   reasons   by 

which they are supported。 

     ��113��     A   comparison        of  the   decalogue       in  Deuteronomy         with    the 

decalogue   in      Exodus�察  �where   its   history   is   explicitly   set   forth�察  �will     be 

sufficient to show u
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��