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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及15何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



decalogue   in      Exodus�察  �where   its   history   is   explicitly   set   forth�察  �will     be 

sufficient to show us a wide discrepancy in all these three particulars�察�for 

the fourth commandment is given not only in a different form�察�but at much 

greater length�察�while the reason for its observance differs wholly from that 

stated in Exodus。 ��114�� Again�察�the order in which the tenth commandment 

is explained differs in the two versions。 ��115�� I think that the differences 

here as elsewhere are the work of Ezra�察�who explained the law of God to 

his   contemporaries�察  �and   who   wrote   this   book   of   the   law   of   God�察  �before 

anything else�察�this I  gather from the  fact that it contains   the laws of  the 

country�察�of which the people stood in most need�察�and also because it is not 

joined to the book which precedes it by any connecting phrase�察�but begins 

with   the   independent   statement�察   �these   are   the   words   of   Moses。;   ��116�� 

After this task was completed�察�I think Ezra set himself to give a complete 

account of the history of the Hebrew nation from the creation of the world 

to   the   entire   destruction   of   the   city�察  �and   in   this   account   he   inserted   the 

book of Deuteronomy�察�and�察�possibly�察�he called the first five books by the 

name   of   Moses�察  �because   his   life   is   chiefly   contained   therein�察  �and   forms 

their principal subject�察�for the same reason he called the sixth Joshua�察�the 

seventh Judges�察�the eighth Ruth�察�the ninth�察�and perhaps the tenth�察�Samuel�察�

and�察  �lastly�察  �the   eleventh   and   twelfth   Kings。   ��117��   Whether   Ezra   put   the 

finishing   touches   to   this   work   and   finished   it   as   he   intended�察  �we   will 

discuss in the next chapter。 



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                              CHAPTER IX 



       OTHER       QUESTIONS           CONCERNING            THE     SAME       BOOKS�此�

NAMELY�察       �WHETHER   THEY   WERE   COMPLETELY   FINISHED                           BY 

EZRA�察      �AND�察    �FURTHER�察        �WHETHER          THE     MARGINAL          NOTES 

WHICH   ARE   FOUND   IN   THE   HEBREW   TEXTS   WERE   VARIOUS 

READINGS。 

     ��1��   How   greatly   the   inquiry   we   have   just   made   concerning   the   real 

writer of the twelve books aids us in attaining a complete understanding of 

them�察  �may   be   easily   gathered   solely   from   the   passages   which   we   have 

adduced in confirmation of our opinion�察�and which would be most obscure 

without it。 ��2�� But besides the question of the writer�察�there are other points 

to notice which common superstition forbids the multitude to apprehend。 

��3�� Of these the chief is�察�that Ezra ��whom I will take to be the author of the 

aforesaid books until some more likely person be suggested�� did not put 

the    finishing   touches    to  the   narrative   contained     therein�察  �but  merely 

collected   the   histories   from   various   writers�察  �and   sometimes   simply   set 

them down�察�leaving their examination and arrangement to posterity。 

     ��4��   The   cause   ��if   it   were   not   untimely   death��   which   prevented   him 

from completing his work in all its portions�察�I cannot conjecture�察�but the 

fact remains most clear�察�although we have lost the writings of the ancient 

Hebrew historians�察�and can only judge from the few fragments which are 

still extant。 ��5�� For the history of Hezekiah ��2 Kings xviii��17���察�as written in 

the vision of Isaiah�察�is related as it is found in the chronicles of the kings 

of Judah。 ��6�� We read the same story�察�told with few exceptions�察。�Endnote 

11�В察�in the same words�察�in the book of Isaiah which was contained in the 

chronicles   of   the   kings   of   Judah   ��2   Chron。   xxxii��32��。   ��7��   From   this   we 

must conclude that there were various versions of this narrative of Isaiah's�察�

unless�察�indeed�察�anyone would dream that in this�察�too�察�there lurks a mystery。 

��8�� Further�察�the last chapter of 2 Kings 27´30 is repeated in the last chapter 

of Jeremiah�察�v。31´34。 

     ��9��   Again�察  �we   find   2   Sam。   vii。   repeated   in   I   Chron。   xvii。�察  �but   the 

expressions in the two passages are so curiously varied ��Endnote 12�В察�that 

we    can   very   easily   see  that  these  two   chapters    were   taken   from   two 



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different versions of the history of Nathan。 

     ��10��    Lastly�察   �the  genealogy      of   the   kings    of  Idumaea      contained     in 

Genesis xxxvi��31�察�is repeated in the same words in 1 Chron。 i。�察�though we 

know   that   the   author   of   the   latter   work   took   his   materials   from   other 

historians�察�not from the twelve books we have ascribed to Ezra。 ��10�� We 

may     therefore     be   sure   that  if  we    still  possessed     the   writings    of   the 

historians�察�the matter would be made clear�察�however�察�as we have lost them�察�

we   can   only   examine   the   writings   still   extant�察  �and   from   their   order   and 

connection�察�their various repetitions�察�and�察�lastly�察�the contradictions in dates 

which they contain�察�judge of the rest。 

     ��11�� These�察�then�察�or the chief of them�察�we will now go through。 ��12�� 

First�察  �in   the   story   of   Judah   and   Tamar   ��Gen。   xxxviii。��   the   historian   thus 

begins�此 �And it came to pass at that time that Judah went down from his 

brethren。;      ��13��   This   time    cannot    refer   to  what    immediately       precedes 

��Endnote 13�В察�but   must necessarily refer   to something else�察  �for from  the 

time   when   Joseph   was   sold   into   Egypt   to   the   time   when   the   patriarch 

Jacob�察�with all his family�察�set out thither�察�cannot be reckoned as more than 

twenty´two   years�察  �for   Joseph�察  �when   he   was   sold   by   his   brethren�察  �was 

seventeen years old�察�and when he was summoned by Pharaoh from prison 

was thirty�察�if to this we add the seven years of plenty and two of famine�察�

the total amounts to twenty´two years。 ��14�� Now�察�in so short a period�察�no 

one can suppose that so many things happened as are described�察�that Judah 

had three children�察�one after the other�察�from one wife�察�whom he married at 

the   beginning   of   the   period�察  �that   the   eldest   of   these�察  �when   he   was   old 

enough�察�married Tamar�察�and that after he died his next brother succeeded 

to her�察�that�察�after all this�察�Judah�察�without knowing it�察�had intercourse with 

his   daughter´in´law�察  �and   that   she   bore   him   twins�察  �and�察  �finally�察  �that   the 

eldest of these twins became a father within the aforesaid period。 ��15�� As 

all these   events   cannot   have taken   place   within   the period   mentioned   in 

Genesis�察  �the   reference   must   necessarily   be   to   something   treated   of           in 

another     book�此   �and    Ezra   in   this  instance    simply   related     the  story�察  �and 

inserted it without examination among his other writings。 

     ��16�� However�察�not only this chapter but the whole narrative of Joseph 

and Jacob is collected and set forth from various histories�察�inasmuch as it 



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is   quite   inconsistent   with   itself。   ��17��   For   in   Gen。   xlvii。   we   are   told   that 

Jacob�察�when he came at Joseph's bidding to salute Pharaoh�察�was 130 years 

old。   ��18��   If   from   this   we   deduct   the   twenty´two   years   which   he   passed 

sorrowing   for   the   absence   of   Joseph   and   the   seventeen   years   forming 

Joseph's   age   when   he   was   sold�察  �and�察  �lastly�察  �the   seven   years   for   which 

Jacob served for Rachel�察�we find that he was very advanced in life�察�namely�察�

eighty four�察�when he took Leah to wife�察�whereas Dinah was scarcely seven 

years old when she was violated by Shechem�察。�Endnote 14�А� ��19�� Simeon 

and Levi were aged respectively eleven and twelve when they spoiled the 

city and slew all the males therein with the sword。 

     ��20�� There is no need that I should go through the whole Pentateuch。 

��21��   If   anyone   pays   attention   to   the   way   in   which   all   the   histories   and 

precepts in these five books are set down promiscuously and without order�察�

with no regard for dates�察�and further�察�how the same story is often repeated�察�

sometimes in a different version�察�he will easily�察�I say�察�discern that all the 

materials were promiscuously collected and heaped together�察�in order that 

they    might     at  some    subsequent      time    be   more    readily    examined      and 

reduced to   order。 ��22��   Not only  these five   books�察�but   also the  narratives 

contained in the remaining seven�察�going down to the destruction of the city�察�

are compiled in the same way。 ��23�� For who does not see that in Judges 

ii��6 a new historian is being quoted�察�who had also written of the deeds of 

Joshua�察�and that his words are simply copied�拭。�24�� For after our historian 

has stated in the last chapter of the book of Joshua that Joshua died and 

was buried�察�and has promised�察�in the first chapter of Judges�察�to relate what 

happened after his death�察�in what way�察�if he wished to continue the thread 

of his history�察�could he connect the statement here made about Joshua with 

what had gone before�拭�

     ��25��   So�察  �too�察  �1   Sam。   17�察  �18�察  �are   taken   from   another   historian�察  �who 

assigns   a   cause   for   David's   first   frequenting   Saul's   court   very   different 

from that given in chap。 xvi。 of the same book。 ��26�� For he did not think 

that David came to Saul in consequence of the advice of Saul's servants�察�as 

is narrated in chap。 xvi。
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��