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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及19何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��





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corrected in the text and not in the margin�察�I attach little weight to it�察�for I 

am not concerned to say what religious motive the scribes may have had 

for   acting   as   they   did�此  �possibly   they   did   so   from   candour�察  �wishing   to 

transmit the few exemplars of the Bible which they had found exactly in 

their original state�察�marking the differences they discovered in the margin�察�

not as doubtful readings�察�but as simple variants。 ��135�� I have myself called 

them doubtful readings�察�because it would be generally impossible to say 

which of the two versions is preferable。 

     ��136��    Lastly�察  �besides    these   doubtful    readings    the  scribes   have    ��by 

leaving a hiatus in the middle of a paragraph�� marked several passages as 

mutilated。 ��137�� The Massoretes have counted up such instances�察�and they 

amount to eight´and´twenty。 ��138�� I do not know whether any mystery is 

thought     to   lurk  in   the  number�察    �at  any   rate   the  Pharisees     religiously 

preserve a certain amount of empty space。 

     ��139��   One   of   such   hiatus   occurs   ��to   give   an   instance��   in   Gen。   iv��8�察�

where it is written�察 �And Cain said to his brother 。 。 。 。 and it came to pass 

while they were in the field�察�&c。�察─�a space being left in which we should 

expect to hear what it was that Cain said。 

     ��140�� Similarly there are ��besides those points we have noticed�� eight´ 

and´ twenty hiatus left by the scribes。 ��141�� Many of these would not be 

recognized as mutilated if it were not for the empty space left。 But I have 

said enough on this subject。 



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                               CHAPTER X。 



     AN EXAMINATION OF THE REMAINING BOOKS OF THE OLD 

TESTAMENT ACCORDING TO THE PRECEDING METHOD。 

     ��1��   I   now   pass   on   to   the   remaining   books   of   the   Old Testament。   ��2�� 

Concerning       the  two   books    of  Chronicles     I  have   nothing    particular   or 

important to remark�察�except that they were certainly written after the time 

of    Ezra�察  �and   possibly    after   the  restoration    of   the  Temple     by   Judas 

Maccabaeus ��Endnote 19�А� ��2�� For in chap。 ix。 of the first book we find a 

reckoning of the families who were the first to live in Jerusalem�察�and in 

verse 17   the names of   the   porters�察�of   which   two recur   in   Nehemiah。  ��3�� 

This shows that the books were certainly compiled after the rebuilding of 

the city。 ��4�� As to their actual writer�察�their authority�察�utility�察�and doctrine�察�I 

come to no conclusion。 ��5�� I have always been astonished that they have 

been included in the Bible by men who shut out from the canon the books 

of Wisdom�察 �Tobit�察  �and   the   others   styled   apocryphal。   ��6��   I   do   not   aim   at 

disparaging their authority�察�but as they are universally received I will leave 

them as they are。 

     ��7�� The Psalms were collected and divided into five books in the time 

of the second temple�察�for Ps。 lxxxviii。 was published�察�according to Philo´ 

Judaeus�察  �while   king   Jehoiachin   was   still   a   prisoner   in   Babylon�察  �and   Ps。 

lxxxix。   when   the   same   king   obtained   his   liberty�此  �I   do   not   think   Philo 

would   have   made   the   statement   unless   either   it   had   been   the   received 

opinion in his time�察�or else had been told him by trustworthy persons。 

     ��8��   The   Proverbs   of   Solomon   were�察  �I   believe�察  �collected   at   the   same 

time�察�or at least in the time of King Josiah�察�for in chap。 xxv��1�察�it is written�察�

;These are also proverbs of Solomon which the men of Hezekiah�察�king of 

Judah�察�copied out。; ��9�� I cannot here pass over in silence the audacity of 

the    Rabbis    who    wished    to   exclude    from    the  sacred    canon    both   the 

Proverbs and Ecclesiastes�察�and to put them both in the Apocrypha。 ��10�� In 

fact�察�they would actually have done so�察�if they had not lighted on certain 

passages in which the law of Moses is extolled。 ��11�� It is�察�indeed�察�grievous 

to think that the settling of the sacred canon lay in the hands of such men�察�

however�察�I congratulate them�察�in this instance�察�on their suffering us to see 



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these   books   in   question�察  �though   I   cannot   refrain   from   doubting   whether 

they   have   transmitted   them   in   absolute   good   faith�察  �but   I   will   not   now 

linger on this point。 

     ��10��  I  pass   on�察 �then�察�to the  prophetic  books。  ��11�� An   examination   of 

these assures me that the prophecies therein contained have been compiled 

from other books�察�and are not always set down in the exact order in which 

they  were   spoken   or   written   by  the   prophets�察  �but   are   only  such   as   were 

collected here and there�察�so that they are but fragmentary。 

     ��12��   Isaiah   began   to   prophecy   in   the   reign   of   Uzziah�察  �as   the   writer 

himself testifies in the first verse。 ��13�� He not only prophesied at that time�察�

but furthermore wrote the history of that king ��see 2 Chron。 xxvi��22�� in a 

volume   now   lost。   ��13��   That   which   we   possess�察  �we   have   shown   to   have 

been taken from the chronicles of the kings of Judah and Israel。 

     ��14�� We may add that the Rabbis assert that this prophet prophesied in 

the   reign   of   Manasseh�察  �by   whom   he   was   eventually   put   to   death�察  �and�察�

although this seems to be a myth�察�it yet shows that they did not think that 

all Isaiah's prophecies are extant。 

     ��15�� The prophecies of Jeremiah�察�which are related historically are also 

taken     from    various    chronicles�察    �for  not   only   are   they   heaped     together 

confusedly�察�without   any account being   taken of dates�察�but also   the same 

story is told in them differently in different passages。 ��16�� For instance�察�in 

chap。 xxi。 we are told that the cause of Jeremiah's arrest was that he had 

prophesied the destruction of the city to Zedekiah who consulted him。 ��17�� 

This      narrative     suddenly      passes�察    �in    chap     xxii。�察  �to   the    prophet's 

remonstrances   to Jehoiakim  ��Zedekiah's   predecessor���察  �and the   prediction 

he made of that king's captivity�察�then�察�in chap。 xxv。�察�come the revelations 

granted to the prophet previously�察�that is in the fourth year of Jehoiakim�察�

and�察�further on still�察�the revelations received in the first year of the same 

reign。 ��18�� The   continuator of   Jeremiah   goes on   heaping prophecy  upon 

prophecy without any regard to dates�察�until at last�察�in chap。 xxxviii。 ��as if 

the   intervening   chapters   had   been   a   parenthesis���察  �he   takes   up   the   thread 

dropped in。 chap。 xxi。 

     ��19�� In fact�察�the conjunction with which chap。 xxxviii。 begins�察�refers to 

the 8th�察�9th�察�and 10th verses of chap。 xxi。 Jeremiah's last arrest is then very 



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differently   described�察  �and   a   totally   separate   cause   is   given   for   his   daily 

retention in the court of the prison。 

     ��20�� We may thus clearly see that these portions of the book have been 

compiled   from   various   sources�察  �and   are   only   from   this   point   of   view 

comprehensible。 ��21�� The prophecies contained in the remaining chapters�察�

where Jeremiah speaks in the first person�察�seem to be taken from a book 

written    by   Baruch�察    �at  Jeremiah's    dictation。    ��22��  These�察   �however�察    �only 

comprise ��as appears from chap。 xxxvi��2�� the prophecies revealed to the 

prophet from the time of Josiah to the fourth year of Jehoiakim�察�at which 

period the book begins。 ��23�� The contents of chap。 xlv��2�察�on to chap。 li��59�察�

seem taken from the same volume。 

     ��24�� That the book of Ezekiel is only a fragment�察�is clearly indicated 

by   the   first   verse。   ��25��   For   anyone   may   see   that   the   conjunction   with 

which     it  begins�察  �refers   to  something      already   said�察  �and   connects     what 

follows therewith。 ��26�� However�察�not only this conjunction�察�but the whole 

text of the  discourse implies other writings。 ��27�� The fact of the present 

work beginning the thirtieth year shows that the prophet is continuing�察�not 

commencing         a   discourse�察   �and    this  is  confirmed      by   the  writer�察   �who 

parenthetically states in verse 3�察 �The word of the Lord came often unto 

Ezekiel the priest�察�the son of Buzi�察�in the land of the Chaldeans�察─�as if to 

say   that   the   prophecies   which   he     is   about   to  relate   are  the   sequel   to 

revelations   formerly   received   by   Ezekiel   from   God。   ��28��   Furthermore�察�

Josephus�察     �11   Antiq。;   x��9�察  �says   that  Ezekiel    prophesied      that  Zedekiah 

should not see Babylon�察�whereas the book we now have not only contains 

no such statement�察�but contrariwise asserts in chap。 xvii。 that he should be 

taken to Babylon as a captive�察。�Endnote 20�А� 

     ��29�� Of Hosea I cannot positively state that he wrote more than is now 

extant in the book bearing his name�察�but I am astonished at the smallness 

of the quantity�察�we possess�察�for the sacred writer asserts that the prophet 

prophesied for more than eighty years。 

     ��30��    We    may    assert�察 �speaking     generally�察   �that  the   compiler     of  the 

prophetic books neither collected all the prophets�察�nor all the writings of 

those we have�察�for of the prophets who are said to have prophesied in the 

reign   of   Manasseh   and   of   who
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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