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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
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corrected in the text and not in the margin�察�I attach little weight to it�察�for I
am not concerned to say what religious motive the scribes may have had
for acting as they did�此 �possibly they did so from candour�察 �wishing to
transmit the few exemplars of the Bible which they had found exactly in
their original state�察�marking the differences they discovered in the margin�察�
not as doubtful readings�察�but as simple variants。 ��135�� I have myself called
them doubtful readings�察�because it would be generally impossible to say
which of the two versions is preferable。
��136�� Lastly�察 �besides these doubtful readings the scribes have ��by
leaving a hiatus in the middle of a paragraph�� marked several passages as
mutilated。 ��137�� The Massoretes have counted up such instances�察�and they
amount to eight´and´twenty。 ��138�� I do not know whether any mystery is
thought to lurk in the number�察 �at any rate the Pharisees religiously
preserve a certain amount of empty space。
��139�� One of such hiatus occurs ��to give an instance�� in Gen。 iv��8�察�
where it is written�察 �And Cain said to his brother 。 。 。 。 and it came to pass
while they were in the field�察�&c。�察─�a space being left in which we should
expect to hear what it was that Cain said。
��140�� Similarly there are ��besides those points we have noticed�� eight´
and´ twenty hiatus left by the scribes。 ��141�� Many of these would not be
recognized as mutilated if it were not for the empty space left。 But I have
said enough on this subject。
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CHAPTER X。
AN EXAMINATION OF THE REMAINING BOOKS OF THE OLD
TESTAMENT ACCORDING TO THE PRECEDING METHOD。
��1�� I now pass on to the remaining books of the Old Testament。 ��2��
Concerning the two books of Chronicles I have nothing particular or
important to remark�察�except that they were certainly written after the time
of Ezra�察 �and possibly after the restoration of the Temple by Judas
Maccabaeus ��Endnote 19�А� ��2�� For in chap。 ix。 of the first book we find a
reckoning of the families who were the first to live in Jerusalem�察�and in
verse 17 the names of the porters�察�of which two recur in Nehemiah。 ��3��
This shows that the books were certainly compiled after the rebuilding of
the city。 ��4�� As to their actual writer�察�their authority�察�utility�察�and doctrine�察�I
come to no conclusion。 ��5�� I have always been astonished that they have
been included in the Bible by men who shut out from the canon the books
of Wisdom�察 �Tobit�察 �and the others styled apocryphal。 ��6�� I do not aim at
disparaging their authority�察�but as they are universally received I will leave
them as they are。
��7�� The Psalms were collected and divided into five books in the time
of the second temple�察�for Ps。 lxxxviii。 was published�察�according to Philo´
Judaeus�察 �while king Jehoiachin was still a prisoner in Babylon�察 �and Ps。
lxxxix。 when the same king obtained his liberty�此 �I do not think Philo
would have made the statement unless either it had been the received
opinion in his time�察�or else had been told him by trustworthy persons。
��8�� The Proverbs of Solomon were�察 �I believe�察 �collected at the same
time�察�or at least in the time of King Josiah�察�for in chap。 xxv��1�察�it is written�察�
;These are also proverbs of Solomon which the men of Hezekiah�察�king of
Judah�察�copied out。; ��9�� I cannot here pass over in silence the audacity of
the Rabbis who wished to exclude from the sacred canon both the
Proverbs and Ecclesiastes�察�and to put them both in the Apocrypha。 ��10�� In
fact�察�they would actually have done so�察�if they had not lighted on certain
passages in which the law of Moses is extolled。 ��11�� It is�察�indeed�察�grievous
to think that the settling of the sacred canon lay in the hands of such men�察�
however�察�I congratulate them�察�in this instance�察�on their suffering us to see
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these books in question�察 �though I cannot refrain from doubting whether
they have transmitted them in absolute good faith�察 �but I will not now
linger on this point。
��10�� I pass on�察 �then�察�to the prophetic books。 ��11�� An examination of
these assures me that the prophecies therein contained have been compiled
from other books�察�and are not always set down in the exact order in which
they were spoken or written by the prophets�察 �but are only such as were
collected here and there�察�so that they are but fragmentary。
��12�� Isaiah began to prophecy in the reign of Uzziah�察 �as the writer
himself testifies in the first verse。 ��13�� He not only prophesied at that time�察�
but furthermore wrote the history of that king ��see 2 Chron。 xxvi��22�� in a
volume now lost。 ��13�� That which we possess�察 �we have shown to have
been taken from the chronicles of the kings of Judah and Israel。
��14�� We may add that the Rabbis assert that this prophet prophesied in
the reign of Manasseh�察 �by whom he was eventually put to death�察 �and�察�
although this seems to be a myth�察�it yet shows that they did not think that
all Isaiah's prophecies are extant。
��15�� The prophecies of Jeremiah�察�which are related historically are also
taken from various chronicles�察 �for not only are they heaped together
confusedly�察�without any account being taken of dates�察�but also the same
story is told in them differently in different passages。 ��16�� For instance�察�in
chap。 xxi。 we are told that the cause of Jeremiah's arrest was that he had
prophesied the destruction of the city to Zedekiah who consulted him。 ��17��
This narrative suddenly passes�察 �in chap xxii。�察 �to the prophet's
remonstrances to Jehoiakim ��Zedekiah's predecessor���察 �and the prediction
he made of that king's captivity�察�then�察�in chap。 xxv。�察�come the revelations
granted to the prophet previously�察�that is in the fourth year of Jehoiakim�察�
and�察�further on still�察�the revelations received in the first year of the same
reign。 ��18�� The continuator of Jeremiah goes on heaping prophecy upon
prophecy without any regard to dates�察�until at last�察�in chap。 xxxviii。 ��as if
the intervening chapters had been a parenthesis���察 �he takes up the thread
dropped in。 chap。 xxi。
��19�� In fact�察�the conjunction with which chap。 xxxviii。 begins�察�refers to
the 8th�察�9th�察�and 10th verses of chap。 xxi。 Jeremiah's last arrest is then very
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differently described�察 �and a totally separate cause is given for his daily
retention in the court of the prison。
��20�� We may thus clearly see that these portions of the book have been
compiled from various sources�察 �and are only from this point of view
comprehensible。 ��21�� The prophecies contained in the remaining chapters�察�
where Jeremiah speaks in the first person�察�seem to be taken from a book
written by Baruch�察 �at Jeremiah's dictation。 ��22�� These�察 �however�察 �only
comprise ��as appears from chap。 xxxvi��2�� the prophecies revealed to the
prophet from the time of Josiah to the fourth year of Jehoiakim�察�at which
period the book begins。 ��23�� The contents of chap。 xlv��2�察�on to chap。 li��59�察�
seem taken from the same volume。
��24�� That the book of Ezekiel is only a fragment�察�is clearly indicated
by the first verse。 ��25�� For anyone may see that the conjunction with
which it begins�察 �refers to something already said�察 �and connects what
follows therewith。 ��26�� However�察�not only this conjunction�察�but the whole
text of the discourse implies other writings。 ��27�� The fact of the present
work beginning the thirtieth year shows that the prophet is continuing�察�not
commencing a discourse�察 �and this is confirmed by the writer�察 �who
parenthetically states in verse 3�察 �The word of the Lord came often unto
Ezekiel the priest�察�the son of Buzi�察�in the land of the Chaldeans�察─�as if to
say that the prophecies which he is about to relate are the sequel to
revelations formerly received by Ezekiel from God。 ��28�� Furthermore�察�
Josephus�察 �11 Antiq。; x��9�察 �says that Ezekiel prophesied that Zedekiah
should not see Babylon�察�whereas the book we now have not only contains
no such statement�察�but contrariwise asserts in chap。 xvii。 that he should be
taken to Babylon as a captive�察。�Endnote 20�А�
��29�� Of Hosea I cannot positively state that he wrote more than is now
extant in the book bearing his name�察�but I am astonished at the smallness
of the quantity�察�we possess�察�for the sacred writer asserts that the prophet
prophesied for more than eighty years。
��30�� We may assert�察 �speaking generally�察 �that the compiler of the
prophetic books neither collected all the prophets�察�nor all the writings of
those we have�察�for of the prophets who are said to have prophesied in the
reign of Manasseh and of who
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