嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及3何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
had formed as the result of all their miracles was ´ a calf� �
8
´ Page 9´
A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2
��50�� Asaph�察�though he had heard of so many miracles�察�yet doubted of
the providence of God�察�and would have turned himself from the true way�察�
if he had not at last come to understand true blessedness。 ��See Ps。 lxxxiii。��
��51�� Solomon�察�too�察�at a time when the Jewish nation was at the height of
its prosperity�察�suspects that all things happen by chance。 ��See Eccles。 iii��19�察�
20�察�21�察�and chap。 ix��2�察�3�察�&c。��
��52�� Lastly�察�nearly all the prophets found it very hard to reconcile the
order of nature and human affairs with the conception they had formed of
God's providence�察 �whereas philosophers who endeavour to understand
things by clear conceptions of them�察�rather than by miracles�察�have always
found the task extremely easy ´ at least�察 �such of them as place true
happiness solely in virtue and peace of mind�察 �and who aim at obeying
nature�察 �rather than being obeyed by her。 ��53�� Such persons rest assured
that God directs nature according to the requirements of universal laws�察�
not according to the requirements of the particular laws of human nature�察�
and trial�察�therefore�察�God's scheme comprehends�察�not only the human race�察�
but the whole of nature。
��54�� It is plain�察�then�察�from Scripture itself�察�that miracles can give no
knowledge of God�察�nor clearly teach us the providence of God。 ��55�� As to
the frequent statements in Scripture�察�that God wrought miracles to make
Himself plain to man ´ as in Exodus x��2�察�where He deceived the Egyptians�察�
and gave signs of Himself�察 �that the Israelites might know that He was
God�察� it does not�察�therefore�察�follow that miracles really taught this truth�察�
but only that the Jews held opinions which laid them easily open to
conviction by miracles。 ��56�� We have shown in Chap。 II。 that the reasons
assigned by the prophets�察�or those which are formed from revelation�察�are
not assigned in accordance with ideas universal and common to all�察�but in
accordance with the accepted doctrines�察 �however absurd�察 �and with the
opinions of those to whom the revelation was given�察�or those whom the
Holy Spirit wished to convince。
��57�� This we have illustrated by many Scriptural instances�察 �and can
further cite Paul�察�who to the Greeks was a Greek�察�and to the Jews a Jew。
��58�� But although these miracles could convince the Egyptians and Jews
from their standpoint�察 �they could not give a true idea and knowledge of
9
´ Page 10´
A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2
God�察�but only cause them to admit that there was a Deity more powerful
than anything known to them�察�and that this Deity took special care of the
Jews�察�who had just then an unexpectedly happy issue of all their affairs。
��59�� They could not teach them that God cares equally for all�察�for this can
be taught only by philosophy�此�the Jews�察�and all who took their knowledge
of God's providence from the dissimilarity of human conditions of life and
the inequalities of fortune�察�persuaded themselves that God loved the Jews
above all men�察 �though they did not surpass their fellows in true human
perfection。
��60�� I now go on to my third point�察�and show from Scripture that the
decrees and mandates of God�察 �and consequently His providence�察 �are
merely the order of nature ´ that is�察�when Scripture describes an event as
accomplished by God or God's will�察 �we must understand merely that it
was in accordance with the law and order of nature�察�not�察�as most people
believe�察�that nature had for a season ceased to act�察�or that her order was
temporarily interrupted。 ��61�� But Scripture does not directly teach matters
unconnected with its doctrine�察�wherefore it has no care to explain things
by their natural causes�察 �nor to expound matters merely speculative。 ��62��
Wherefore our conclusion must be gathered by inference from those
Scriptural narratives which happen to be written more at length and
circumstantially than usual。 ��63�� Of these I will cite a few。
��64�� In the first book of Samuel�察 �ix��15�察 �16�察 �it is related that God
revealed to Samuel that He would send Saul to him�察�yet God did not send
Saul to Samuel as people are wont to send one man to another。 ��65�� His
;sending; was merely the ordinary course of nature。 ��66�� Saul was looking
for the asses he had lost�察�and was meditating a return home without them�察�
when�察�at the suggestion of his servant�察�he went to the prophet Samuel�察�to
learn from him where he might find them。 ��67�� From no part of the
narrative does it appear that Saul had any command from God to visit
Samuel beyond this natural motive。
��68�� In Psalm cv。 24 it is said that God changed the hearts of the
Egyptians�察 �so that they hated the Israelites。 ��69�� This was evidently a
natural change�察�as appears from Exodus�察�chap。i。�察�where we find no slight
reason for the Egyptians reducing the Israelites to slavery。
10
´ Page 11´
A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2
��70�� In Genesis ix��13�察�God tells Noah that He will set His bow in the
cloud�察�this action of God's is but another way of expressing the refraction
and reflection which the rays of the sun are subjected to in drops of water。
��71�� In Psalm cxlvii��18�察�the natural action and warmth of the wind�察�by
which hoar frost and snow are melted�察�are styled the word of the Lord�察�and
in verse 15 wind and cold are called the commandment and word of God。
��72�� In Psalm civ��4�察�wind and fire are called the angels and ministers
of God�察�and various other passages of the same sort are found in Scripture�察�
clearly showing that the decree�察�commandment�察�fiat�察�and word of God are
merely expressions for the action and order of nature。
��73�� Thus it is plain that all the events narrated in Scripture came to
pass naturally�察�and are referred directly to God because Scripture�察�as we
have shown�察�does not aim at explaining things by their natural causes�察�but
only at narrating what appeals to the popular imagination�察�and doing so in
the manner best calculated to excite wonder�察�and consequently to impress
the minds of the masses with devotion。 ��74�� If�察�therefore�察�events are found
in the Bible which we cannot refer to their causes�察 �nay�察 �which seem
entirely to contradict the order of nature�察�we must not come to a stand�察�but
assuredly believe that whatever did really happen happened naturally。 ��75��
This view is confirmed by the fact that in the case of every miracle there
were many attendant circumstances�察�though these were not always related�察�
especially where the narrative was of a poetic character。
��76�� The circumstances of the miracles clearly show�察�I maintain�察�that
natural causes were needed。 ��77�� For instance�察 �in order to infect the
Egyptians with blains�察�it was necessary that Moses should scatter ashes in
the air ��Exod。 ix�此�10���察�the locusts also came upon the land of Egypt by a
command of God in accordance with nature�察 �namely�察 �by an east wind
blowing for a whole day and night�察 �and they departed by a very strong
west wind ��Exod。 x��14�察 �19��。 ��78�� By a similar Divine mandate the sea
opened a way for the Jews ��Exo。 xiv��21���察�namely�察�by an east wind which
blew very strongly all night。
��79�� So�察�too�察�when Elisha would revive the boy who was believed to
be dead�察�he was obliged to bend over him several times until the flesh of
the child waxed warm�察�and at last he opened his eyes ��2 Kings iv��34�察�35��。
11
´ Page 12´
A Theologico´Political Treatise Part 2
��80�� Again�察�in John's Gospel ��chap。 ix。�� certain acts are mentioned as
performed by Christ preparatory to healing the blind man�察 �and there are
numerous other instances showing that something further than the absolute
fiat of God is required for working a miracle。
��81�� Wherefore we may believe that�察 �although the circumstances
attending miracles are not related always or in full detail�察 �yet a miracle
was never performed without them。
��82�� This is confirmed by Exodus xiv��27�察�where it is simply stated that
;Moses stretched forth his hand�察�and the waters of the sea returned to their
strength in the morning�察─ �no mention being made of a wind�察 �but in the
song of Moses ��Exod。 xv��10�� we read�察 。�Thou didst blow with Thy wind
��i。e。 with a very strong wind���察�and the sea covered them。; ��83�� Thus the
attendant circumstance is omitted in the history�察�and the miracle is thereby
enhanced。
��84�� But perhaps someone will insist that we find many things in
Scripture which seem in nowise explicable by natural causes�察 �as for
instance�察�that the sins of men and their prayers can be the cause of rain and
of the earth's fertility�察�or that faith can heal the blind�察�and so on。 ��85�� But I
think I have already made sufficient answer�此�I have shown that Scripture
does not explain things by their secondary causes�察�but
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��