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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及3何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



had formed as the result of all their miracles was ´ a calf� �



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     ��50�� Asaph�察�though he had heard of so many miracles�察�yet doubted of 

the providence of God�察�and would have turned himself from the true way�察�

if he had not at last come to understand true blessedness。 ��See Ps。 lxxxiii。�� 

��51�� Solomon�察�too�察�at a time when the Jewish nation was at the height of 

its prosperity�察�suspects that all things happen by chance。 ��See Eccles。 iii��19�察�

20�察�21�察�and chap。 ix��2�察�3�察�&c。�� 

     ��52�� Lastly�察�nearly all the prophets found it very hard to reconcile the 

order of nature and human affairs with the conception they had formed of 

God's     providence�察    �whereas     philosophers     who    endeavour      to  understand 

things by clear conceptions of them�察�rather than by miracles�察�have always 

found     the  task   extremely     easy   ´  at  least�察 �such   of   them   as   place   true 

happiness   solely   in   virtue   and   peace   of   mind�察  �and   who   aim   at   obeying 

nature�察  �rather   than   being   obeyed   by   her。   ��53��   Such   persons   rest   assured 

that   God   directs   nature   according   to   the   requirements   of   universal   laws�察�

not according to the requirements of the particular laws of human nature�察�

and trial�察�therefore�察�God's scheme comprehends�察�not only the human race�察�

but the whole of nature。 

     ��54�� It is plain�察�then�察�from Scripture itself�察�that miracles can give   no 

knowledge of God�察�nor clearly teach us the providence of God。 ��55�� As to 

the frequent statements in Scripture�察�that God wrought miracles to make 

Himself plain to man ´ as in Exodus x��2�察�where He deceived the Egyptians�察�

and   gave   signs   of   Himself�察  �that   the   Israelites   might   know   that   He   was 

God�察� it does not�察�therefore�察�follow that miracles really taught this truth�察�

but   only   that   the  Jews    held   opinions    which     laid  them   easily   open    to 

conviction by miracles。 ��56�� We have shown in Chap。 II。 that the reasons 

assigned by the prophets�察�or those which are formed from revelation�察�are 

not assigned in accordance with ideas universal and common to all�察�but in 

accordance   with   the   accepted   doctrines�察  �however   absurd�察  �and   with   the 

opinions of those to whom the revelation was given�察�or those whom the 

Holy Spirit wished to convince。 

     ��57��   This   we   have   illustrated   by   many   Scriptural   instances�察  �and   can 

further cite Paul�察�who to the Greeks was a Greek�察�and to the Jews a Jew。 

��58�� But although these miracles could convince the Egyptians and Jews 

from their standpoint�察 �they  could not   give a   true idea   and knowledge   of 



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God�察�but only cause them to admit that there was a Deity more powerful 

than anything known to them�察�and that this Deity took special care of the 

Jews�察�who had just then an unexpectedly happy issue of all their affairs。 

��59�� They could not teach them that God cares equally for all�察�for this can 

be taught only by philosophy�此�the Jews�察�and all who took their knowledge 

of God's providence from the dissimilarity of human conditions of life and 

the inequalities of fortune�察�persuaded themselves that God loved the Jews 

above   all   men�察  �though   they   did   not   surpass   their   fellows   in   true   human 

perfection。 

     ��60�� I now go on to my third point�察�and show from Scripture that the 

decrees     and    mandates      of  God�察   �and   consequently       His   providence�察     �are 

merely the order of nature ´ that is�察�when Scripture describes an event as 

accomplished   by   God   or   God's   will�察  �we   must   understand   merely   that   it 

was in accordance with the law and order of nature�察�not�察�as most people 

believe�察�that nature had for a season ceased to act�察�or that her order was 

temporarily interrupted。 ��61�� But Scripture does not directly teach matters 

unconnected with its doctrine�察�wherefore it has no care to explain things 

by  their   natural   causes�察 �nor   to   expound   matters   merely  speculative。   ��62�� 

Wherefore       our    conclusion     must    be   gathered     by  inference     from    those 

Scriptural      narratives    which    happen     to   be  written    more     at  length   and 

circumstantially than usual。 ��63�� Of these I will cite a few。 

     ��64��   In   the   first   book   of   Samuel�察  �ix��15�察  �16�察  �it   is   related   that   God 

revealed to Samuel that He would send Saul to him�察�yet God did not send 

Saul to Samuel as people are wont to send one man to another。 ��65�� His 

;sending; was merely the ordinary course of nature。 ��66�� Saul was looking 

for the asses he had lost�察�and was meditating a return home without them�察�

when�察�at the suggestion of his servant�察�he went to the prophet Samuel�察�to 

learn   from   him   where   he   might   find   them。   ��67��   From   no   part   of   the 

narrative   does   it   appear   that   Saul   had   any   command   from   God   to   visit 

Samuel beyond this natural motive。 

     ��68��   In   Psalm   cv。   24   it   is   said   that   God   changed   the   hearts   of   the 

Egyptians�察  �so   that   they   hated   the   Israelites。   ��69��   This   was   evidently   a 

natural change�察�as appears from Exodus�察�chap。i。�察�where we find no slight 

reason for the Egyptians reducing the Israelites to slavery。 



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     ��70�� In Genesis ix��13�察�God tells Noah that He will set His bow in the 

cloud�察�this action of God's is but another way of expressing the refraction 

and reflection which the rays of the sun are subjected to in drops of water。 

     ��71�� In Psalm cxlvii��18�察�the natural action and warmth of the wind�察�by 

which hoar frost and snow are melted�察�are styled the word of the Lord�察�and 

in verse 15 wind and cold are called the commandment and word of God。 

     ��72�� In Psalm civ��4�察�wind and fire are called the angels and ministers 

of God�察�and various other passages of the same sort are found in Scripture�察�

clearly showing that the decree�察�commandment�察�fiat�察�and word of God are 

merely expressions for the action and order of nature。 

     ��73�� Thus it is plain that all the events narrated in Scripture came to 

pass naturally�察�and are referred directly to God because Scripture�察�as we 

have shown�察�does not aim at explaining things by their natural causes�察�but 

only at narrating what appeals to the popular imagination�察�and doing so in 

the manner best calculated to excite wonder�察�and consequently to impress 

the minds of the masses with devotion。 ��74�� If�察�therefore�察�events are found 

in   the  Bible   which   we     cannot   refer   to  their  causes�察  �nay�察  �which    seem 

entirely to contradict the order of nature�察�we must not come to a stand�察�but 

assuredly believe that whatever did really happen happened naturally。 ��75�� 

This view is confirmed by the fact that in the case of every miracle there 

were many attendant circumstances�察�though these were not always related�察�

especially where the narrative was of a poetic character。 

     ��76�� The circumstances of the miracles clearly show�察�I maintain�察�that 

natural    causes    were   needed。    ��77��   For   instance�察  �in  order   to  infect   the 

Egyptians with blains�察�it was necessary that Moses should scatter ashes in 

the air ��Exod。 ix�此�10���察�the locusts also came upon the land of Egypt by a 

command   of   God   in   accordance   with   nature�察  �namely�察  �by   an   east   wind 

blowing   for   a   whole   day   and   night�察  �and   they   departed   by  a   very   strong 

west   wind   ��Exod。   x��14�察  �19��。   ��78��   By   a   similar   Divine   mandate   the   sea 

opened a way for the Jews ��Exo。 xiv��21���察�namely�察�by an east wind which 

blew very strongly all night。 

     ��79�� So�察�too�察�when Elisha would revive the boy who was believed to 

be dead�察�he was obliged to bend over him several times until the flesh of 

the child waxed warm�察�and at last he opened his eyes ��2 Kings iv��34�察�35��。 



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     ��80�� Again�察�in John's Gospel ��chap。 ix。�� certain acts are mentioned as 

performed by  Christ   preparatory to   healing   the   blind man�察 �and   there   are 

numerous other instances showing that something further than the absolute 

fiat of God is required for working a miracle。 

     ��81��    Wherefore      we   may     believe   that�察  �although     the  circumstances 

attending   miracles   are   not   related   always   or   in   full   detail�察  �yet   a   miracle 

was never performed without them。 

     ��82�� This is confirmed by Exodus xiv��27�察�where it is simply stated that 

;Moses stretched forth his hand�察�and the waters of the sea returned to their 

strength   in   the   morning�察─  �no   mention   being   made   of   a   wind�察  �but   in   the 

song of   Moses   ��Exod。  xv��10��   we   read�察 。�Thou didst blow  with Thy  wind 

��i。e。 with a very strong wind���察�and the sea covered them。; ��83�� Thus the 

attendant circumstance is omitted in the history�察�and the miracle is thereby 

enhanced。 

     ��84��   But   perhaps   someone   will   insist   that   we   find   many   things   in 

Scripture     which     seem    in  nowise     explicable    by   natural   causes�察   �as  for 

instance�察�that the sins of men and their prayers can be the cause of rain and 

of the earth's fertility�察�or that faith can heal the blind�察�and so on。 ��85�� But I 

think I have already made sufficient answer�此�I have shown that Scripture 

does not explain things by their secondary causes�察�but 
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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