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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及5何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



relate   nothing   but   miracles�察  �even   when   speaking   of   the   most   ordinary 

occurrences�察�as in the examples given above。 

     ��114�� Hence we must believe that when the Bible says that the Lord 

hardened Pharaoh's heart�察�it only means that Pharaoh was obstinate�察�when 

it   says   that   God   opened   the   windows   of   heaven�察  �it   only   means   that   it 

rained very hard�察�and so on。 ��115�� When we reflect on these peculiarities�察�

and   also   on   the   fact   that   most   things   are   related   very  shortly�察  �with   very 

little details and almost in abridgments�察�we shall see that there is hardly 

anything   in   Scripture   which   can   be   proved   contrary   to   natural   reason�察�

while�察�on the other hand�察�many things which before seemed obscure�察�will 

after a little consideration be understood and easily explained。 

     ��116�� I think I have now very clearly explained all that I proposed to 

explain�察�but before I finish this chapter I would call attention to the fact 

that   I   have   adopted   a   different   method   in   speaking   of   miracles   to   that 

which   I    employed      in  treating    of  prophecy。     ��117��    Of   prophecy   I    have 

asserted   nothing   which   could   not   be   inferred   from   promises   revealed   in 

Scripture�察�whereas in this chapter I have deduced my conclusions solely 

from the principles ascertained by the natural light of reason。 ��118�� I have 

proceeded in this way advisedly�察�for prophecy�察�in that it surpasses human 

knowledge�察�is a purely theological question�察�therefore�察�I knew that I could 

not   make   any   assertions   about   it�察  �nor   learn   wherein   it   consists�察  �except 

through deductions from premises that have been revealed�察�therefore I was 

compelled to collate the history of prophecy�察�and to draw therefrom certain 

conclusions which would teach me�察�in so far as such teaching is possible�察�

the nature and properties of the gift。 ��119�� But in the case of miracles�察�as 

our inquiry is a question purely philosophical ��namely�察�whether anything 

can happen which contravenes or does not follow from the laws of nature���察�

I was not under any such necessity�此�I therefore thought it wiser to unravel 

the    difficulty   through     premises     ascertained     and   thoroughly      known      by 

could also easily have solved the problem merely from the doctrines and 

fundamental         principles     of   Scripture�此    �in   order     that   everyone       may 

acknowledge this�察�I will briefly show how it could be done。 

     ��120��   Scripture   makes   the   general   assertion   in   several   passages   that 



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nature's     course    is  fixed   and   unchangeable。       ��121��    In  Ps。   cxlviii��6�察  �for 

instance�察    �and   Jer。  xxxi��35。     ��122��   The    wise   man    also�察  �in  Eccles。    i��10�察�

distinctly teaches that ;there is nothing new under the sun�察─�and in verses 

11�察   �12�察  �illustrating    the   same    idea�察  �he   adds    that   although     something 

occasionally happens which seems new�察�it is not really new�察�but ;hath been 

already      of   old   time�察   �which     was     before    us�察  �whereof      there    is   no 

remembrance�察�neither shall there be any remembrance of things that are to 

come   with   those   that   come   after。;   ��123�� Again   in   chap。   iii��11�察  �he   says�察�

;God      hath   made     everything      beautiful    in  his   time�察─  �and    immediately 

afterwards adds�察 �I know that whatsoever God doeth�察�it shall be for ever�察�

nothing can be put to it�察�nor anything taken from it。; 

     ��124�� Now all these texts teach most distinctly that nature preserves a 

fixed    and    unchangeable       order�察  �and    that  God    in   all  ages�察  �known     and 

unknown�察�has been the same�察�further�察�that the laws of nature are so perfect�察�

that   nothing   can   be   added   thereto   nor   taken   therefrom�察  �and�察  �lastly�察  �that 

miracles only appear as something new because of man's ignorance。 

     ��125��     Such    is   the   express    teaching     of   Scripture�此    �nowhere      does 

Scripture assert that anything happens which contradicts�察�or cannot follow 

from the laws of nature�察�and�察�therefore�察�we should not attribute to it such a 

doctrine。 

     ��126��     To   these   considerations      we    must    add�察  �that  miracles     require 

causes and attendant circumstances�察�and that they follow�察�not from some 

mysterious royal power which the masses attribute to God�察�but from the 

Divine rule and decree�察�that is ��as we   have shown from Scripture   itself�� 

from   the   laws   and   order   of   nature�察  �lastly�察  �that   miracles   can   be   wrought 

even by false prophets�察�as is proved from Deut。 xiii。 and Matt。 xxiv��24。 

     ��127�� The conclusion�察�then�察�that is most plainly put before us is�察�that 

miracles were natural occurrences�察�and must therefore be so explained as 

to appear neither new ��in the words of Solomon�� nor contrary to nature�察�

but�察�as far as possible�察�in complete agreement with ordinary events。 ��128�� 

This   can   easily   be   done   by   anyone�察  �now   that   I   have   set   forth   the   rules 

drawn from Scripture。 ��129�� Nevertheless�察�though I maintain that Scripture 

teaches this doctrine�察�I do not assert that it teaches it as a truth necessary to 

salvation�察�but only that the prophets were in agreement with ourselves on 



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the   point�察  �therefore   everyone   is   free   to   think   on   the   subject   as   he   likes�察�

according as he thinks it best for himself�察�and most likely to conduce to 

the worship of God and to singlehearted religion。 

     ��130�� This is also the opinion of Josephus�察�for at the conclusion of the 

second book of his   ;Antiquities�察─�he   writes�此�Let   no man   think this story 

incredible   of   the   sea's   dividing   to   save   these   people�察  �for   we   find   it   in 

ancient      records    that   this   hath   been     seen    before�察   �whether     by   God's 

extraordinary  will   or   by   the   course   of   nature   it   is   indifferent。   ��131��   The 

same thing happened one time to the Macedonians�察�under the command of 

Alexander�察�when for want of another passage the Pamphylian Sea divided 

to make them way�察�God's Providence making use of Alexander at that time 

as His instrument for destroying the Persian Empire。 ��132�� This is attested 

by all the historians who have pretended to write the Life of that Prince。 

��133�� But people are at liberty to think what they please。; 

     ��134�� Such are the words of Josephus�察�and such is his opinion on faith 

in miracles。 



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            CHAPTER VII。                               ´       OF THE 

                INTERPRETATION OF 

                             SCRIPTURE 



     ��1�� When people declare�察�as all are ready�察�to do�察�that the Bible is the 

Word of God teaching man true blessedness and the way of salvation�察�they 

evidently do not mean what they�察�say�察�for the masses take no pains at all to 

live according to Scripture�察�and we see most people endeavouring to hawk 

about their own commentaries as the word of God�察�and giving their best 

efforts�察�under the guise of religion�察�to compelling others to think as they 

do�此�we generally see�察�I say�察�theologians anxious to learn how to wring their 

inventions   and   sayings   out   of   the   sacred   text�察  �and   to   fortify�察  �them   with 

Divine authority。 ��2�� Such persons never display�察�less scruple or more zeal 

than when they�察�are interpreting Scripture or the mind of the Holy Ghost�察�

if   we   ever   see   them   perturbed�察  �it   is   not   that   they   fear   to   attribute   some 

error to the Holy Spirit�察�and to stray from the right path�察�but that they are 

afraid to be convicted of error by�察�others�察�and thus to overthrow and bring 

into contempt their own authority。 ��3�� But if men really believed what they 

verbally testify of Scripture�察�they would adopt quite a different plan of life�此�

their minds would not be agitated by so many contentions�察�nor so many 

hatreds�察  �and   they   would   cease   to   be   excited   by   such   a   blind   and   rash 

passion for interpreting the sacred writings�察�and excogitating novelties in 

religion。 ��4�� On the contrary�察�they would not dare to adopt�察�as the teaching 

of   Scripture�察  �anything   which   they   could   not   plainly   deduce   therefrom�此�

lastly�察�those sacrilegious persons who have dared�察�in several passages�察�to 

interpolate the Bible�察�would have shrunk from so great a crime�察�and would 

have stayed their sacrilegious hands。          ��5�� Ambition and unscrupulousness 

have waxed so powerful�察�that religion is thought to consist�察�not so much in 

respecting     the   writings    of  the   Holy   Ghost�察   �as   in  defending     human 

commentaries�察�so that religion is no longer identified with charity�察�but with 

spreading   discord   and   propagating   insensate   hatred   disguised   under   the 

name of zeal for the Lord�察�and eager ardour。 



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     ��6��   To   these   evils   we   must   add   superstition�察  �which   teaches   men   to 

despise reason and nature�察�and only to admire and venerate that which is 

repugnant       to  both�此  �whence      it  is  not   wonderful      that  for   the   sake   of 

increasing the admiration and veneration felt for Scripture�察�men strive to 

explain it so as to make it appear to contradict�察�as far as possible�察�
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��