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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及7何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



name   fire   applied   to   anger   and   jealousy   ��see   Job   xxxi��12��   we   can   thus 

easily   reconcile   the   words   of   Moses�察  �and   legitimately   conclude   that   the 

two     propositions     God     is  a  fire�察 �and   God     is  jealous�察  �are   in  meaning 

identical。 

     ��39��    Further�察   �as   Moses     clearly    teaches     that  God     is  jealous�察   �and 

nowhere       states   that   God    is   without    passions     or   emotions�察    �we    must 

evidently infer that Moses held this doctrine himself�察�or at any rate�察�that he 

wished      to  teach   it�察 �nor   must   we    refrain   because     such    a  belief   seems 

contrary to reason�此�for as we have shown�察�we cannot wrest the meaning of 

texts to suit the dictates of our reason�察�or our preconceived opinions。 ��40�� 

The whole knowledge of the Bible must be sought solely from itself。 

     ��41�� III。 Lastly�察�such a history should relate the environment of all the 



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prophetic books extant�察�that is�察�the life�察�the conduct�察�and the studies of the 

author of each book�察�who he was�察�what was the occasion�察�and the epoch of 

his writing�察�whom did he write for�察�and in what language。 ��42�� Further�察�it 

should inquire into the fate of each book�此�how it was first received�察�into 

whose   hands   it   fell�察  �how   many   different   versions   there   were   of   it�察  �by 

whose advice was it received into the Bible�察�and�察�lastly�察�how all the books 

now universally accepted as sacred�察�were united into a single whole。 

     ��43�� All such information should�察�as I have said�察�be contained in the 

;history; of Scripture。 ��44�� For�察�in order to know what statements are set 

forth as laws�察�and what as moral precepts�察�it is important to be acquainted 

with   the   life�察  �the   conduct�察  �and   the   pursuits   of   their   author�此  �moreover�察  �it 

becomes easier to explain a man's writings in proportion as we have more 

intimate knowledge of his genius and temperament。 

     ��45��   Further�察  �that   we   may   not   confound   precepts   which   are   eternal 

with those which served only a temporary purpose�察�or were only meant for 

a few�察�we should know what was the occasion�察�the time�察�the age�察�in which 

each book was written�察�and to what nation it was addressed。��46�� Lastly�察�we 

should have knowledge on the other points I have mentioned�察�in order to 

be   sure�察 �in   addition   to   the   authenticity   of   the   work�察  �that   it   has   not   been 

tampered with by sacrilegious hands�察�or whether errors can have crept in�察�

and�察 �if   so�察 �whether   they  have   been   corrected  by  men   sufficiently  skilled 

and worthy of credence。 ��47�� All these things should be known�察�that we 

may not be led away by blind impulse to accept whatever is thrust on our 

notice�察�instead of only that which is sure and indisputable。 

     ��48�� Now when we are in possession of this history of Scripture�察�and 

have   finally   decided   that   we   assert   nothing   as   prophetic   doctrine   which 

does     not   directly   follow     from    such    history�察  �or   which    is  not   clearly 

deducible from it�察�then�察�I say�察�it will be time to gird ourselves for the task 

of investigating the mind of the prophets and of the Holy Spirit。 ��49�� But 

in   this   further   arguing�察  �also�察  �we   shall   require   a   method   very   like   that 

employed        in   interpreting     nature    from     her   history。    ��50��   As    in   the 

examination of natural phenomena we try first to investigate what is most 

universal and common to all nature ´ such�察�for instance�察�as motion and rest�察�

and their laws and rules�察�which nature always observes�察�and through which 



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she continually works ´ and then we proceed to what is less universal�察�so�察�

too�察   �in  the   history   of   Scripture�察   �we    seek   first  for   that  which     is  most 

universal�察     �and   serves    for  the   basis   and    foundation      of  all  Scripture�察    �a 

doctrine�察�in fact�察�that is commended by all the prophets as eternal and most 

profitable to   all   men。  ��51��   For   example�察 �that  God   is   one�察 �and that   He   is 

omnipotent�察�that He alone should be worshipped�察�that He has a care for all 

men�察  �and   that   He   especially   loves   those   who   adore   Him   and   love   their 

neighbour as themselves�察 �&c。 ��52�� These and similar  doctrines�察�I  repeat�察�

Scripture   everywhere   so   clearly   and   expressly   teaches�察  �that   no   one   was 

ever in doubt of its meaning concerning them。 

     ��53��   The   nature   of   God�察  �His   manner   of   regarding   and   providing   for 

things�察�and similar doctrines�察�Scripture nowhere teaches professedly�察�and 

as   eternal   doctrine�察  �on   the   contrary�察  �we   have   shown   that   the   prophets 

themselves did not agree on the subject�察�therefore�察�we must not lay down 

any doctrine as Scriptural on such subjects�察�though it may appear perfectly 

clear on rational grounds。 

     ��54�� From a proper knowledge of this universal doctrine of Scripture�察�

we     must    then    proceed     to   other   doctrines     less   universal�察    �but   which�察�

nevertheless�察�have regard to the general conduct of life�察�and flow from the 

universal      doctrine    like   rivulets    from    a  source�察   �such    are   all  particular 

external   manifestations   of   true   virtue�察  �which   need   a   given   occasion   for 

their    exercise�察    �whatever     is   obscure     or  ambiguous        on   such    points    in 

Scripture   must   be   explained   and   defined   by   its   universal   doctrine�察  �with 

regard   to   contradictory  instances�察  �we   must   observe the   occasion   and   the 

time   in   which   they   were   written。   ��55��   For   instance�察  �when   Christ   says�察�

;Blessed are they that mourn�察�for they shall be comforted; we do not know�察�

from  the   actual   passage�察  �what   sort   of   mourners   are   meant�察  �as�察  �however�察�

Christ afterwards teaches that we should have care for nothing�察�save only 

for the kingdom of   God   and His   righteousness�察 �which is   commended   as 

the  highest   good   ��see   Matt。   vi��33���察  �it   follows   that   by   mourners   He   only 

meant      those    who    mourn      for  the   kingdom       of  God     and   righteousness 

neglected by man�此�for this would be the only cause of mourning to those 

who love nothing but the Divine kingdom and justice�察�and who evidently 

despise the gifts of fortune。 ��56�� So�察�too�察�when Christ says�此 �But if a man 



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strike   you   on   the   right   cheek�察  �turn   to   him   the   left   also�察─  �and   the   words 

which follow。 

     ��57��   If   He   had   given   such   a   command�察  �as   a   lawgiver�察  �to   judges�察  �He 

would   thereby   have   abrogated   the   law   of   Moses�察  �but   this   He   expressly 

says   He   did   not   do   ��Matt。  v��17��。  ��58�� Wherefore   we   must   consider   who 

was   the   speaker�察  �what   was   the   occasion�察  �and   to   whom   were   the   words 

addressed。 ��59�� Now Christ said that He did not ordain laws as a legislator�察�

but    inculcated     precepts     as  a   teacher�此   �inasmuch      as  He    did   not   aim   at 

correcting   outward   actions   so   much   as   the   frame   of   mind。   ��60��   Further�察�

these   words   were   spoken   to   men   who   were   oppressed�察  �who   lived   in   a 

corrupt   commonwealth   on   the   brink   of   ruin�察  �where   justice   was   utterly 

neglected。 ��61�� The very doctrine inculcated here by Christ just before the 

destruction       of  the   city   was    also   taught    by   Jeremiah      before     the   first 

destruction of Jerusalem�察�that is�察�in similar circumstances�察�as we see from 

Lamentations iii��25´30。 

     ��62�� Now as such teaching was only set forth by the prophets in times 

of oppression�察�and was even then never laid down as a law�察�and as�察�on the 

other hand�察�Moses ��who did not write in times of oppression�察�but ´ mark 

this ´ strove to found a well´ordered commonwealth���察�while condemning 

envy   and   hatred   of   one's   neighbour�察  �yet   ordained   that   an   eye   should   be 

given   for   an   eye�察  �it   follows   most   clearly   from   these   purely   Scriptural 

grounds that this precept of Christ and Jeremiah concerning submission to 

injuries was only valid in places where justice is neglected�察�and in a time 

of oppression�察�but does not hold good in a well´ordered state。 

     ��63�� In a well´ordered state where justice is administered every one is 

bound�察�if he would be accounted just�察�to demand penalties before the judge 

��see Lev��1���察�not for the sake of vengeance ��Lev。 xix��17�察�18���察�but in order to 

defend justice and his country's laws�察�and to prevent the wicked rejoicing 

in their wickedness。 ��64�� All this is plainly in accordance with reason。 ��65�� 

I   might   cite   many   other   examples   in   the   same   manner�察  �but   I   think   the 

foregoing   are   sufficient   to   explain   my   meaning   and   the   utility   of   this 

method�察  �and   this   is   all   my   present   purpose。   ��66��   Hitherto   we   have   only 

shown       how    to  investigate     those    passages     of   Scripture     which     treat  of 

practical conduct�察�and which�察�therefore�察�are more easily examined�察�for on 



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such subjects there was never really any controversy among the writers of 

the Bible。 

     ��6
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��