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theologico-political treatise p2(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢2)-及7何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
name fire applied to anger and jealousy ��see Job xxxi��12�� we can thus
easily reconcile the words of Moses�察 �and legitimately conclude that the
two propositions God is a fire�察 �and God is jealous�察 �are in meaning
identical。
��39�� Further�察 �as Moses clearly teaches that God is jealous�察 �and
nowhere states that God is without passions or emotions�察 �we must
evidently infer that Moses held this doctrine himself�察�or at any rate�察�that he
wished to teach it�察 �nor must we refrain because such a belief seems
contrary to reason�此�for as we have shown�察�we cannot wrest the meaning of
texts to suit the dictates of our reason�察�or our preconceived opinions。 ��40��
The whole knowledge of the Bible must be sought solely from itself。
��41�� III。 Lastly�察�such a history should relate the environment of all the
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prophetic books extant�察�that is�察�the life�察�the conduct�察�and the studies of the
author of each book�察�who he was�察�what was the occasion�察�and the epoch of
his writing�察�whom did he write for�察�and in what language。 ��42�� Further�察�it
should inquire into the fate of each book�此�how it was first received�察�into
whose hands it fell�察 �how many different versions there were of it�察 �by
whose advice was it received into the Bible�察�and�察�lastly�察�how all the books
now universally accepted as sacred�察�were united into a single whole。
��43�� All such information should�察�as I have said�察�be contained in the
;history; of Scripture。 ��44�� For�察�in order to know what statements are set
forth as laws�察�and what as moral precepts�察�it is important to be acquainted
with the life�察 �the conduct�察 �and the pursuits of their author�此 �moreover�察 �it
becomes easier to explain a man's writings in proportion as we have more
intimate knowledge of his genius and temperament。
��45�� Further�察 �that we may not confound precepts which are eternal
with those which served only a temporary purpose�察�or were only meant for
a few�察�we should know what was the occasion�察�the time�察�the age�察�in which
each book was written�察�and to what nation it was addressed。��46�� Lastly�察�we
should have knowledge on the other points I have mentioned�察�in order to
be sure�察 �in addition to the authenticity of the work�察 �that it has not been
tampered with by sacrilegious hands�察�or whether errors can have crept in�察�
and�察 �if so�察 �whether they have been corrected by men sufficiently skilled
and worthy of credence。 ��47�� All these things should be known�察�that we
may not be led away by blind impulse to accept whatever is thrust on our
notice�察�instead of only that which is sure and indisputable。
��48�� Now when we are in possession of this history of Scripture�察�and
have finally decided that we assert nothing as prophetic doctrine which
does not directly follow from such history�察 �or which is not clearly
deducible from it�察�then�察�I say�察�it will be time to gird ourselves for the task
of investigating the mind of the prophets and of the Holy Spirit。 ��49�� But
in this further arguing�察 �also�察 �we shall require a method very like that
employed in interpreting nature from her history。 ��50�� As in the
examination of natural phenomena we try first to investigate what is most
universal and common to all nature ´ such�察�for instance�察�as motion and rest�察�
and their laws and rules�察�which nature always observes�察�and through which
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she continually works ´ and then we proceed to what is less universal�察�so�察�
too�察 �in the history of Scripture�察 �we seek first for that which is most
universal�察 �and serves for the basis and foundation of all Scripture�察 �a
doctrine�察�in fact�察�that is commended by all the prophets as eternal and most
profitable to all men。 ��51�� For example�察 �that God is one�察 �and that He is
omnipotent�察�that He alone should be worshipped�察�that He has a care for all
men�察 �and that He especially loves those who adore Him and love their
neighbour as themselves�察 �&c。 ��52�� These and similar doctrines�察�I repeat�察�
Scripture everywhere so clearly and expressly teaches�察 �that no one was
ever in doubt of its meaning concerning them。
��53�� The nature of God�察 �His manner of regarding and providing for
things�察�and similar doctrines�察�Scripture nowhere teaches professedly�察�and
as eternal doctrine�察 �on the contrary�察 �we have shown that the prophets
themselves did not agree on the subject�察�therefore�察�we must not lay down
any doctrine as Scriptural on such subjects�察�though it may appear perfectly
clear on rational grounds。
��54�� From a proper knowledge of this universal doctrine of Scripture�察�
we must then proceed to other doctrines less universal�察 �but which�察�
nevertheless�察�have regard to the general conduct of life�察�and flow from the
universal doctrine like rivulets from a source�察 �such are all particular
external manifestations of true virtue�察 �which need a given occasion for
their exercise�察 �whatever is obscure or ambiguous on such points in
Scripture must be explained and defined by its universal doctrine�察 �with
regard to contradictory instances�察 �we must observe the occasion and the
time in which they were written。 ��55�� For instance�察 �when Christ says�察�
;Blessed are they that mourn�察�for they shall be comforted; we do not know�察�
from the actual passage�察 �what sort of mourners are meant�察 �as�察 �however�察�
Christ afterwards teaches that we should have care for nothing�察�save only
for the kingdom of God and His righteousness�察 �which is commended as
the highest good ��see Matt。 vi��33���察 �it follows that by mourners He only
meant those who mourn for the kingdom of God and righteousness
neglected by man�此�for this would be the only cause of mourning to those
who love nothing but the Divine kingdom and justice�察�and who evidently
despise the gifts of fortune。 ��56�� So�察�too�察�when Christ says�此 �But if a man
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strike you on the right cheek�察 �turn to him the left also�察─ �and the words
which follow。
��57�� If He had given such a command�察 �as a lawgiver�察 �to judges�察 �He
would thereby have abrogated the law of Moses�察 �but this He expressly
says He did not do ��Matt。 v��17��。 ��58�� Wherefore we must consider who
was the speaker�察 �what was the occasion�察 �and to whom were the words
addressed。 ��59�� Now Christ said that He did not ordain laws as a legislator�察�
but inculcated precepts as a teacher�此 �inasmuch as He did not aim at
correcting outward actions so much as the frame of mind。 ��60�� Further�察�
these words were spoken to men who were oppressed�察 �who lived in a
corrupt commonwealth on the brink of ruin�察 �where justice was utterly
neglected。 ��61�� The very doctrine inculcated here by Christ just before the
destruction of the city was also taught by Jeremiah before the first
destruction of Jerusalem�察�that is�察�in similar circumstances�察�as we see from
Lamentations iii��25´30。
��62�� Now as such teaching was only set forth by the prophets in times
of oppression�察�and was even then never laid down as a law�察�and as�察�on the
other hand�察�Moses ��who did not write in times of oppression�察�but ´ mark
this ´ strove to found a well´ordered commonwealth���察�while condemning
envy and hatred of one's neighbour�察 �yet ordained that an eye should be
given for an eye�察 �it follows most clearly from these purely Scriptural
grounds that this precept of Christ and Jeremiah concerning submission to
injuries was only valid in places where justice is neglected�察�and in a time
of oppression�察�but does not hold good in a well´ordered state。
��63�� In a well´ordered state where justice is administered every one is
bound�察�if he would be accounted just�察�to demand penalties before the judge
��see Lev��1���察�not for the sake of vengeance ��Lev。 xix��17�察�18���察�but in order to
defend justice and his country's laws�察�and to prevent the wicked rejoicing
in their wickedness。 ��64�� All this is plainly in accordance with reason。 ��65��
I might cite many other examples in the same manner�察 �but I think the
foregoing are sufficient to explain my meaning and the utility of this
method�察 �and this is all my present purpose。 ��66�� Hitherto we have only
shown how to investigate those passages of Scripture which treat of
practical conduct�察�and which�察�therefore�察�are more easily examined�察�for on
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such subjects there was never really any controversy among the writers of
the Bible。
��6
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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