嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及5何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



vessel to pass。 Then after having passed through this country in the forty 

days which I have said�察�you will embark again in another vessel and sail 

for twelve days�察�and after this you will come to a great city called Meroe。 

This city is said to be the mother´city of all the other Ethiopians�此�and they 

who dwell in it reverence of the gods Zeus and Dionysos alone�察�and these 

they   greatly   honour�察  �and   they   have   an   Oracle   of   Zeus   established�察  �and 

make      warlike     marches      whensoever       the    god    commands        them     by 

prophesyings and to whatsoever place he commands。 Sailing from this city 

you will come to the ;Deserters; in another period of time equal to that in 

which   you   came   from   Elephantine   to   the   mother´city   of   the   Ethiopians。 

Now the name of these ;Deserters; is /Asmach/�察�and this word signifies�察�

when translated into the tongue of the Hellenes�察 �those who stand on the 

left   hand    of  the   king。;   These    were    two   hundred     and   forty   thousand 

Egyptians      of  the   warrior   class�察  �who    revolted    and   went   over   to   these 

Ethiopians      for   the   following     cause��In     the   reign   of   Psammetichos 

garrisons were set�察�one towards the Ethiopians at the city of Elephantine�察�

another towards the Arabians and Assyrians at Daphnai of Pelusion�察�and 

another towards Libya at Marea�此�and even in my own time the garrisons of 

the Persians too are ordered in the same manner as these were in the reign 

of   Psammetichos�察  �for   both   at   Elephantine   and   at   Daphnai   the   Persians 

have outposts。 The Egyptians then of whom I speak had served as outposts 

for   three   years   and   no   one   relieved   them   from   their   guard�察  �accordingly 

they took counsel together�察�and adopting a common plan they all in a body 

revolted     from    Psammetichos        and   set   out   for  Ethiopia。    Hearing     this 

Psammetichos   set   forth   in   pursuit�察  �and   when   he   came   up   with   them   he 

entreated them much and endeavoured to persuade them not to desert the 



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gods of their country and their children and wives�此�upon which it is said 

that one of them pointed to his privy member and said that wherever this 

was�察�there would they have both children and wives。 When these came to 

Ethiopia they gave themselves over to the king of the Ethiopians�察�and he 

rewarded them as follows��there were certain of the Ethiopians who had 

come to   be   at   variance with   him�察  �and   he  bade them  drive  these  out   and 

dwell in their land。 So since these men settled in the land of the Ethiopians�察�

the Ethiopians have come to be of milder manners�察�from having learnt the 

customs of the Egyptians。 

     The   Nile   then�察  �besides   the   part   of   its   course   which   is   in   Egypt�察  �is 

known as far as a four months' journey by river and land�此�for that is the 

number of months which are found by reckoning to be spent in going from 

Elephantine to these ;Deserters;�此�and the river runs from the West and the 

setting of the sun。 But what comes after that point no one can clearly say�察�

for this land is desert by reason of the burning heat。 This much however I 

heard from men of Kyrene�察�who told me that they had been to the Oracle 

of    Ammon�察      �and   had    come    to   speech    with    Etearchos     king   of   the 

Ammonians�此�and it happened that after speaking of other matters they fell 

to discourse about the Nile and how no one knew the sources of it�察�and 

Etearchos said that once there came to him men of the Nasamonians ��this 

is a Libyan race which dwells in the Syrtis�察�and also in the land to the East 

of   the   Syrtis   reaching   to   no   great   distance���察  �and   when   the   Nasamonians 

came and were asked by him whether they were able to tell him anything 

more than he knew about the desert parts of Libya�察�they said that there had 

been     among     them    certain   sons    of  chief   men�察   �who    were    of   unruly 

disposition�察�and these when they grew up to be men had devised various 

other    extravagant     things    and   also   they   had   told   off  by   lot  five   of 

themselves to go to see the desert parts of Libya and to try whether they 

could discover more than those who had previously explored furthest�此�for 

in   those   parts   of   Libya   which   are   by   the   Northern   Sea�察  �beginning   from 

Egypt and going as far as the headland of Soloeis�察�which is the extreme 

point of Libya�察�Libyans ��and of them many races�� extend along the whole 

coast�察  �except   so   much   as   the   Hellenes   and   Phenicians   hold�察  �but   in   the 

upper parts�察�which lie above the sea´coast and above those people whose 



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land comes down to the sea�察�Libya is full of wild beasts�察�and in the parts 

above   the   land   of   wild   beasts   it   is   full   of   sand�察  �terribly   waterless   and 

utterly desert。 These young men then ��said they���察�being sent out by their 

companions   well   furnished   with   supplies   of   water   and   provisions�察  �went 

first through the inhabited country�察�and after they had passed through this 

they came to the country of wild beasts�察�and after this they passed through 

the   desert�察  �making     their  journey     towards    the  West    Wind�察   �and   having 

passed through a great tract of sand in many days�察�they saw at last trees 

growing      in   a  level   place�察  �and   having    come     up   to  them�察   �they   were 

beginning to pluck the fruit which was upon the trees�此�but as they began to 

pluck it�察�there came upon them small men�察�of less stature than men of the 

common size�察�and these seized them and carried them away�察�and neither 

could   the   Nasamonians   understand   anything   of   their   speech   nor   could 

those who were carrying them off understand anything of the speech of the 

Nasamonians�察       �and   they   led   them   ��so   it  was   said��  through    very    great 

swamps�察�and after passing through these they came to a city in which all 

the men were in size like those who carried them off and in colour of skin 

black�察�and by the city ran a great river�察�which ran from the West towards 

the   sunrising�察  �and   in   it   were   seen   crocodiles。   Of   the   account   given   by 

Etearchos the Ammonian let so much suffice as is here said�察�except that�察�as 

the men of Kyrene told me�察�he alleged that the Nasamonians returned safe 

home�察�and that the people to whom they had come were all wizards。 Now 

this river which ran by the city�察�Etearchos conjectured to be the Nile�察�and 

moreover reason compels us to think so�察�for the Nile flows from Libya and 

cuts Libya through in the midst�察�and as I conjecture�察�judging of what is not 

known by that which is evident to the view�察�it starts at a distance from its 

mouth equal to that of the Ister�此�for the river Ister begins from the Keltoi 

and the city of Pyrene and so runs that it divides Europe in the midst ��now 

the    Keltoi   are   outside    the   Pillars  of   Heracles     and   border    upon    the 

Kynesians�察�who   dwell furthest   towards   the sunset   of   all those   who  have 

their dwelling in Europe���此�and the Ister ends�察�having its course through the 

whole of Europe�察�by flowing into the Euxine Sea at the place where the 

Milesians   have   their   settlement   of   Istria。   Now   the   Ister�察  �since   it   flows 

through land which is inhabited�察�is known by the reports of many�察�but of 



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the sources of the Nile no one can give an account�察�for the part of Libya 

through which it flows is uninhabited and desert。 About its course however 

so much as it was possible to learn by the most diligent inquiry has been 

told�察  �and   it   runs   out   into   Egypt。   Now   Egypt   lies   nearly   opposite   to   the 

mountain districts of Kilikia�察�and from thence to Sinope�察�which lies upon 

the   Euxine   Sea�察  �is   a   journey  in   the   same   straight   line of   five days   for   a 

man without encumbrance�察�and Sinope lies opposite to the place where the 

Ister   runs   out   into   the   sea�此  �thus   I   think   that   the   Nile   passes   through   the 

whole of Libya and is of equal measure with the Ister。 



     Of   the   Nile    then   let  so  much   suffice     as  has   been    said。  Of   Egypt 

however I shall make my report at length�察�because it has wonders more in 

number than any other land�察�and works too it has to show as much as any 

land�察�which are beyond expression great�此�for this reason then more shall be 

said concerning it。 

     The   Egyptians   in   agreement   with   their   climate�察  �which   is   unlike   any 

other�察  �and   with   the   river�察  �which   shows   a   nature   different   from   all   other 

rivers�察�established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite 

to other men in almost all matters�此�for among them the women frequent 

the market and carry on trade�察�while the men remain at home and weave�察�

and whereas others weave pushing the woof upwards�察�the Egyptians push 

it   downwards�此      �the  men     carry   their  burdens     upon    their   heads    and   the 

women upon their shoulders�此�the women make water standing up and the 

men   crouching   down�此�they  ease   themselves   in   their   houses   and   they  eat 

without   in   the   streets�察  �alleging   as   reason   for   this   that   it   is   right   to   do 

secretly the things that are unseemly though necessary�察�but those which are 

not unseemly�察�in public�此�no woman is a minister either of male or female 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��