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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及6何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



secretly the things that are unseemly though necessary�察�but those which are 

not unseemly�察�in public�此�no woman is a minister either of male or female 

divinity�察�but men of all�察�both male and female�此�to support their parents the 

sons   are   in   no   way   compelled�察  �if   they   do   not   desire   to   do   so�察  �but   the 

daughters are forced to do so�察�be they never so unwilling。 The priests of 

the gods in other lands wear long hair�察�but in Egypt they shave their heads�此�

among other men the custom is that in mourning those whom the matter 

concerns   most   nearly   have   their   hair   cut   short�察  �but   the   Egyptians�察  �when 

deaths occur�察�let their hair grow long�察�both that on the head and that on the 



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chin�察�having before been close shaven�此�other men have their daily living 

separated from beasts�察�but the Egyptians have theirs together with beasts�此�

other men live on wheat and on   barley�察�but to any one of the   Egyptians 

who makes his living on these it is a great reproach�察�they make their bread 

of maize�察�which some call spelt�此�they knead dough with their feet and clay 

with their hands�察�with which also they gather up dung�此�and whereas other 

men�察�except such as have learnt otherwise from the Egyptians�察�have their 

members as nature made them�察�the Egyptians practice circumcision�此�as to 

garments�察�the   men   wear   two   each   and the   women   but   one�此  �and   whereas 

others   make   fast   the   rings   and   ropes   of   the   sails   outside   the   ship�察  �the 

Egyptians do this inside�此�finally in the writing of characters and reckoning 

with pebbles�察�while the Hellenes carry the hand from the left to the right�察�

the Egyptians do this from the right to the left�察�and doing so they say that 

they   do   it   themselves   rightwise   and   the   Hellenes   leftwise�此  �and   they   use 

two kinds of characters for writing�察�of which the one kind is called sacred 

and the other common。 

     They are religious excessively beyond all other men�察�and with regard 

to this they have customs as follows��they drink from cups of bronze and 

rinse   them   out   every   day�察  �and   not   some   only   do   this   but   all�此  �they   wear 

garments   of   linen   always   newly   washed�察  �and   this   they   make   a   special 

point of practice�此�they circumcise themselves for the sake of cleanliness�察�

preferring to be clean rather than comely。 The priests shave themselves all 

over their body every other day�察�so that no lice or any other foul thing may 

come to be upon them when they minister to the gods�察�and the priests wear 

garments of linen only and sandals of papyrus�察�and any other garment they 

may not take nor other sandals�察�these wash themselves in cold water twice 

in   a   day   and   twice   again   in   the   night�察  �and   other   religious   services   they 

perform ��one may almost   say�� of infinite number。 They enjoy also good 

things not a few�察�for they do not consume or spend anything of their own 

substance�察  �but   there   is   sacred   bread   baked   for   them  and   they  have   each 

great quantity of flesh of oxen and geese coming in to them each day�察�and 

also wine of grapes is given to them�察�but it is not permitted to them to taste 

of fish�此�beans moreover the Egyptians do not at all sow in their land�察�and 

those   which   they   grow   they   neither   eat   raw   nor   boil   for   food�察  �nay   the 



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priests   do   not   endure   even   to   look   upon   them�察  �thinking   this   to   be   an 

unclean kind of pulse�此�and there is not one priest only for each of the gods 

but many�察�and of them one is chief´priest�察�and whenever a priest dies his 

son is appointed to his place。 

     The males of the ox kind they consider to belong to Epaphos�察�and on 

account of him they test them in the following manner��If the priest sees 

one single black hair upon the beast   he counts it not clean for  sacrifice�察�

and     one    of   the    priests   who     is   appointed      for   the   purpose      makes 

investigation of these matters�察�both when the beast is standing upright and 

when it is lying on its back�察�drawing out its tongue moreover�察�to see if it is 

clean in respect of the appointed signs�察�which I shall tell of in another part 

of the history�此  �he looks   also   at the   hairs   of the tail to see if   it   has   them 

growing in a natural manner�察�and if it be clean in respect of all these things�察�

he marks it with a piece of papyrus�察�rolling this round the horns�察�and then 

when he has plastered sealing´earth over it he sets upon it the seal of his 

signet´ring�察  �and   after   that   they   take   the   animal   away。   But   for   one   who 

sacrifices   a   beast   not   sealed   the   penalty   appointed   is   death。   In   this   way 

then   the   beast   is   tested�察  �and   their   appointed   manner   of   sacrifice   is   as 

follows��they lead the sealed beast to the altar where they happen to be 

sacrificing�察  �and   then   kindle   a   fire�此  �after   that�察  �having   poured   libations   of 

wine over the altar so that it runs down upon the victim and having called 

upon the god�察�they cut its throat�察�and having cut its throat they sever the 

head   from  the   body。 The   body  then   of   the   beast   they  flay�察  �but   upon   the 

head they make many imprecations first�察�and then they who have a market 

and     Hellenes     sojourning     among      them    for   trade�察  �these   carry   it  to  the 

market´place   and   sell   it�察  �while   they   who   have   no   Hellenes   among   them 

cast it away into the river�此�and this is the form of imprecations which they 

utter   upon   the   heads�察  �praying   that   if   any   evil   be   about   to   befall   either 

themselves who are   offering sacrifice   or the land of Egypt in general�察 �it 

may come rather upon this head。 Now as regards the heads of the beasts 

which      are  sacrificed     and   the   pouring     over   them    of   the  wine�察   �all  the 

Egyptians have   the same   customs equally  for all   their sacrifices�察  �and by 

reason of this custom none of the Egyptians eat of the head either of this 

or   of   any   other   kind   of   animal�此  �but   the   manner   of   disembowelling   the 



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victims   and   of   burning   them   is   appointed   among   them   differently   for 

different sacrifices�察�I shall speak however of the sacrifices to that goddess 

whom they regard as the greatest of all�察�and to whom they celebrate the 

greatest feast。When they have flayed the bullock and made imprecation�察�

they take out the whole of its lower entrails but leave in the body the upper 

entrails and the fat�察�and they sever from it the legs and the end of the loin 

and the shoulders and the neck�此�and this done�察�they fill the rest of the body 

of the animal with consecrated loaves and honey and raisins and figs and 

frankincense and myrrh and every other kind of spices�察�and having filled it 

with these they offer it�察�pouring over it great abundance of oil。 They make 

their sacrifice after fasting�察�and while the offerings are being burnt�察�they 

all   beat   themselves   for   mourning�察  �and   when   they   have   finished   beating 

themselves   they   set   forth   as   a   feast   that   which   they   left   unburnt   of   the 

sacrifice。   The   clean   males   then   of   the   ox   kind�察  �both   full´grown   animals 

and calves�察�are sacrificed by all the Egyptians�察�the females however they 

may not sacrifice�察�but these are sacred to Isis�察�for the figure of Isis is in the 

form   of   a   woman   with   cow's   horns�察  �just   as   the   Hellenes   present   Io   in 

pictures�察�and all the Egyptians without distinction reverence cows far more 

than any other kind of cattle�察�for which reason neither man nor woman of 

the Egyptian race would kiss a man who is a Hellene on the mouth�察�nor 

will they use a knife or roasting´spits or a caldron belonging to a Hellene�察�

nor taste the flesh even of a clean animal if it has been cut with the knife 

of   a   Hellene。   And    the   cattle   of   this   kind  which   die   they   bury   in  the 

following manner��the females they cast into the river�察�but the males they 

bury�察�each   people in the   suburb of   their   town�察�with one   of the   horns�察  �or 

sometimes both�察�protruding to mark the place�察�and when the bodies have 

rotted away and the appointed time comes on�察�then to each city comes a 

boat from that which is called the island of Prosopitis ��this is in the Delta�察�

and the extent of its circuit is nine /schoines/��。 In this island of Prosopitis 

is situated�察�besides many other cities�察�that one from which the boats come 

to take up the bones of the oxen�察�and the name of the city is Atarbechis�察�

and in it there is set up a holy temple of Aphrodite。 From this city many go 

abroad in various directions�察�some to one city and others to another�察�and 

when   they   have   dug   up   the   bones   of   the   oxen   they   carry   them   off�察  �and 



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coming together they bury them in one single place。 In the same manner as 

they   bury   the   oxen   they   bury   also   their   other   cattle   when   they   die�察  �for 

about   them  also   they  have   the   same   law   laid   down�察  �and   these   also   they 

abstain from killing。 

     Now all who have a temple set up to the Theban Zeus or who are of 

the   district   of   Thebes�察  �these�察  �I   say�察  �all   sacrifice   goats   and   abstain   from 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��