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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及7何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



the   district   of   Thebes�察  �these�察  �I   say�察  �all   sacrifice   goats   and   abstain   from 

sheep�此�for not all the Egyptians equally reverence the same gods�察�except 

only Isis and Osiris ��who they say is Dionysos���察�these they all reverence 

alike�此�but they who have a temple of Mendes or belong to the Mendesian 

district�察  �these   abstain   from   goats   and   sacrifice   sheep。   Now   the   men   of 

Thebes and those who after their example abstain from sheep�察�say that this 

custom      was    established    among     them    for   the   cause   which     follows�此�

Heracles   ��they  say��   had   an   earnest   desire   to see   Zeus�察 �and   Zeus did   not 

desire to be seen of him�察�and at last when Heracles was urgent in entreaty 

Zeus contrived this device�察�that is to say�察�he flayed a ram and held in front 

of him the head of the ram which he had cut off�察�and he put on over him 

the fleece and then showed himself to him。 Hence the Egyptians make the 

image of Zeus with the face of a ram�察�and the Ammonians do so also after 

their    example�察    �being   settlers   both   from    the   Egyptians     and   from    the 

Ethiopians�察�and using a language which is a medley of both tongues�此�and 

in my opinion it is from this god that the Egyptians call Zeus /Amun/。 The 

Thebans then do not sacrifice rams but hold them sacred for this reason�察�

on one day however in the year�察�on the feast of Zeus�察�they cut up in the 

same manner and flay one single ram and cover with its skin the image of 

Zeus�察�and then they bring up to it another image of Heracles。 This done�察�

all who are in the temple beat themselves in lamentation for the ram�察�and 

then they bury it in a sacred tomb。 

     About Heracles I heard the account given that he was of the number of 

the twelve gods�察�but of the other Heracles whom the Hellenes know I was 

not   able   to   hear   in   any   part   of   Egypt�此  �and   moreover   to   prove   that   the 

Egyptians did not take the name of Heracles from the Hellenes�察�but rather 

the Hellenes from the Egyptians��that is to say those of the Hellenes who 

gave the name Heracles to the son of Amphitryon��of that�察�I say�察�besides 

many other evidences there is chiefly this�察�namely that the parents of this 



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Heracles�察�Amphitryon and Alcmene�察�were both of Egypt by descent�察�and 

also   that   the   Egyptians   say   that   they   do   not   know   the   names   either   of 

Poseidon   or   of   the   Dioscuroi�察  �nor   have   these   been   accepted   by   them   as 

gods     among     the   other   gods�察  �whereas     if  they   had   received     from    the 

Hellenes the name of any divinity�察�they would naturally have preserved the 

memory of these most of all�察�assuming that in those times as now some of 

the   Hellenes   were   wont   to   make   voyages   and   were   seafaring   folk�察  �as   I 

suppose and as my judgment compels me to think�察�so that the Egyptians 

would have learnt the names of these gods even more than that of Heracles。 

In fact however Heracles is a very ancient Egyptian god�察�and ��as they say 

themselves�� it is seventeen thousand years to the beginning of the reign of 

Amasis   from   the   time   when   the   twelve   gods�察  �of   whom   they   count   that 

Heracles is one�察�were begotten of the eight gods。 I moreover�察�desiring to 

know   something        certain   of  these   matters    so  far  as  might    be�察  �made    a 

voyage also to Tyre of Phenicia�察�hearing that in that place there was a holy 

temple   of   Heracles�察  �and   I   saw   that   it   was   richly   furnished   with   many 

votive offerings besides�察�and especially there were in it two pillars�察�the one 

of pure gold and the other of an emerald stone of such size as to shine by 

night�此�and having come to speech with the priests of the god�察�I asked them 

how long a time it was since their temple had been set up�此�and these also I 

found to be at variance with the Hellenes�察�for they said that at the same 

time when Tyre was founded�察�the temple of the god also had been set up�察�

and that it was a period of two thousand three hundred years since their 

people   began   to     dwell   at  Tyre。   I  saw   also   at   Tyre  another   temple     of 

Heracles�察�with the surname Thasian�察�and I came to Thasos also and there I 

found a temple of Heracles set up by the Phenicians�察�who had sailed out to 

seek for Europa and had colonised Thasos�察�and these things happened full 

five generations of men before Heracles the son of Amphitryon was born 

in Hellas。  So then   my  inquiries   show clearly  that   Heracles   is   an   ancient 

god�察�and those of the Hellenes seem to me to act most rightly who have 

two    temples     of  Heracles    set   up�察 �and   who    sacrifice   to   the  one   as  an 

immortal god and with the title Olympian�察�and make offerings of the dead 

to   the   other   as   a   hero。   Moreover�察  �besides   many   other   stories   which   the 

Hellenes      tell  without   due   consideration�察     �this  tale  is  especially    foolish 



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which they tell about Heracles�察�namely that when he came to Egypt�察�the 

Egyptians put on him wreaths and led him forth in procession to sacrifice 

him    to  Zeus�察   �and   he  for  some    time   kept   quiet�察 �but   when    they   were 

beginning the sacrifice of him at the altar�察�he betook himself to prowess 

and slew them all。 I for my part am of opinion that the Hellenes when they 

tell this tale are altogether without knowledge of the nature and customs of 

the Egyptians�察�for how should they for whom it is not lawful to sacrifice 

even beasts�察�except swine and the males of oxen and calves ��such of them 

as are clean�� and geese�察�how should these sacrifice human beings�拭�Besides 

this�察�how is it in nature possible that Heracles�察�being one person only and 

moreover a man ��as they assert���察�should slay many myriads�拭�Having said 

so much of these matters�察�we pray that we may have grace from both the 

gods and the heroes for our speech。 

     Now the reason why those of the Egyptians whom I have mentioned 

do not sacrifice goats�察�female or male�察�is this��the Mendesians count Pan 

to be one of the eight gods ��now these eight gods they say came into being 

before the twelve gods���察�and the painters and image´makers represent in 

painting and in sculpture the figure of Pan�察�just as the Hellenes do�察�with 

goat's    face  and   legs�察 �not   supposing     him   to  be   really  like  this  but   to 

resemble the other gods�察�the cause however why they represent him in this 

form I prefer not to say。 The Mendesians then reverence all goats and the 

males more than the females ��and the goatherds too have greater honour 

than other herdsmen���察 �but of the   goats one especially  is reverenced�察 �and 

when   he   dies   there   is   great   mourning   in   all   the   Mendesian   district�此  �and 

both    the   goat   and   Pan   are  called   in   the  Egyptian     tongue    /Mendes/。 

Moreover in my lifetime there happened in that district this marvel�察�that is 

to say a he´goat had intercourse with a woman publicly�察�and this was so 

done that all men might have evidence of it。 

     The pig is accounted by the Egyptians an abominable animal�察�and first�察�

if any of them in passing by touch a pig�察�he goes into the river and dips 

himself   forthwith   in   the   water   together   with   his   garments�察  �and   then   too 

swineherds�察�though they may be native Egyptians�察�unlike all others�察�do not 

enter   any   of   the  temples   in   Egypt�察  �nor   is   anyone   willing   to  give  his 

daughter in marriage to one of them or to take a wife from among them�察�



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but the swineherds both give in marriage to one another and take from one 

another。   Now   to   the   other   gods   the   Egyptians   do   not   think   it   right   to 

sacrifice swine�察�but to the Moon and to Dionysos alone at the same time 

and on the same full´moon they sacrifice swine�察�and then eat their flesh�此�

and   as   to   the   reason   why�察  �when   they   abominate   swine   at   all   their   other 

feasts�察�they sacrifice them at this�察�there is a story told by the Egyptians�察�

and this story I know�察�but it is not a seemly one for me to tell。 Now the 

sacrifice   of   the   swine   to   the   Moon   is   performed   as   follows��when   the 

priest   has   slain   the   victim�察  �he   puts   together   the   end   of   the   tail   and   the 

spleen and the caul�察�and covers them up with the whole of the fat of the 

animal which is about the paunch�察�and then he offers them with fire�察�and 

the   rest   of   the   flesh   they  eat   on   that   day  of   full   moon   upon   which   they 

have held sacrifice�察�but on any day after this they will not taste of it�此�the 

poor   however   among   them   by   reason   of   the   scantiness   of   their   means 

shape pigs of dough and having baked them they offer these as a sacrifice。 

Then for Dionysos on the eve of the festival each one kills a pig by cutting 

its   throat   before   his   own   doors�察  �and   after   that   he   gives   the   pig   to   the 

swineherd who sold it to him�察�to carry away again�察�and the rest of the feast 

of   Dionysos   is   celebrated   by   the   Egyptians   in   the   same   way   as   by   the 

Hellenes   in   almost   all   things   except   choral   dances�察  �but   instead   of   the 

/phallos/ they have invented another contrivance�察�namely figures of about 

a cubit in height worked by strings�察�which women carry about the villages�察�

with the privy member made to move and not much less in size than the 

rest   of   the   body�此�
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��