嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及13何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
degradation of the Middle Ages�察�which had really respected her only when
unsexed and celibate�察 �the French woman had assumed�察 �often lawlessly�察�
always triumphantly�察 �her just freedom�察 �her true place as the equal�察 �the
coadjutor�察 �the counsellor of man。 Of all problems connected with the
education of a young prince�察�that of the influence of woman was�察�in the
France of the Ancien Regime�察�the most important。 And it was just that
which Fenelon did not�察�perhaps dared not�察�try to touch�察�and which he most
certainly could not have solved。 Meanwhile�察 �not only Madame de
Maintenon�察�but women whose names it were a shame to couple with hers�察�
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must have smiled at�察�while they hated�察�the saint who attempted to dispense
not only with them�察 �but with the ideal queen who should have been the
helpmeet of the ideal king。
To those who believe that the world is governed by a living God�察 �it
may seem strange�察 �at first sight�察 �that this moral anarchy was allowed to
endure�察 �that the avenging�察 �and yet most purifying storm of the French
Revolution�察�inevitable from Louis XIV。's latter years�察�was not allowed to
burst two generations sooner than it did。 Is not the answerthat the
question always is not of destroying the world�察�but of amending it�拭 �And
that amendment must always come from within�察 �and not from without�拭�
That men must be taught to become men�察 �and mend their world
themselves�拭 �To educate men into self´ governmentthat is the purpose
of the government of God�察�and some of the men of the eighteenth century
did not learn that lesson。 As the century rolled on�察�the human mind arose
out of the slough in which Le Sage found it�察�into manifold and beautiful
activity�察�increasing hatred of shams and lies�察�increasing hunger after truth
and usefulness。 With mistakes and confusions innumerable they worked�此�
but still they worked�察�planting good seed�察�and when the fire of the French
Revolution swept over the land�察�it burned up the rotten and the withered�察�
only to let the fresh herbage spring up from underneath。
But that purifying fire was needed。 If we inquire why the many
attempts to reform the Ancien Regime�察 �which the eighteenth century
witnessed�察 �were failures one and all�察 �why Pombal failed in Portugal�察�
Aranda in Spain�察�Joseph II。 in Austria�察�Ferdinand and Caroline in Naples
for these last�察�be it always remembered�察�began as humane and enlightened
sovereigns�察 �patronising liberal opinions�察 �and labouring to ameliorate the
condition of the poor�察 �till they were driven by the murder of Marie
Antoinette into a paroxysm of rage and terror why�察�above all�察�Louis XVI。�察�
who attempted deeper and wiser reforms than any other sovereign�察�failed
more disastrously than anyis not the answer this�察�that all these reforms
would but have cleansed the outside of the cup and the platter�察�while they
left the inside full of extortion and excess�拭 �It was not merely institutions
which required to be reformed�察�but men and women。 The spirit of ;Gil
Blas; had to be cast out。 The deadness�察 �selfishness�察 �isolation of men's
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souls�察 �their unbelief in great duties�察 �great common causes�察 �great self´
sacrificesin a word�察�their unbelief in God�察�and themselves�察�and mankind´
´all that had to be reformed�察 �and till that was done all outward reform
would but have left them�察�at best�察�in brute ease and peace�察�to that soulless
degradation�察�which ��as in the Byzantine empire of old�察�and seeming in the
Chinese empire of to´ day�� hides the reality of barbarism under a varnish
of civilisation。 Men had to be awakened�察 �to be taught to think for
themselves�察 �act for themselves�察 �to dare and suffer side by side for their
country and for their children�察�in a word�察�to arise and become men once
more。
And�察�what is more�察�men had to punishto avenge。 Those are fearful
words。 But there is�察 �in this God´guided universe�察 �a law of retribution�察�
which will find men out�察�whether men choose to find it out or not�察�a law of
retribution�察 �of vengeance inflicted justly�察 �though not necessarily by just
men。 The public executioner was seldom a very estimable personage�察�at
least under the old Regime�察�and those who have been the scourges of God
have been�察�in general�察�mere scourges�察�and nothing better�察�smiting blindly�察�
rashly�察�confusedly�察�confounding too often the innocent with the guilty�察�till
they have seemed only to punish crime by crime�察�and replace old sins by
new。 But�察�however insoluble�察�however saddening that puzzle be�察�I must
believeas long as I believe in any God at allthat such men as
Robespierre were His instruments�察�even in their crimes。
In the case of the French Revolution�察�indeed�察�the wickedness of certain
of its leaders was part of the retribution itself。 For the noblesse existed
surely to make men better。 It did�察�by certain classes�察�the very opposite。
Therefore it was destroyed by wicked men�察 �whom it itself had made
wicked。 For over and above all political�察�economic�察�social wrongs�察�there
were wrongs personal�察 �human�察 �dramatic�察 �which stirred not merely the
springs of covetousness or envy�察�or even of a just demand for the freedom
of labour and enterprise�此 �but the very deepest springs of rage�察�contempt�察�
and hate�察�wrongs which caused�察�as I believe�察�the horrors of the Revolution。
It is notorious how many of the men most deeply implicated in those
horrors were of the artist classby which I signify not merely painters and
sculptorsas the word artist has now got�察�somewhat strangely�察�to signify�察�
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at least in Englandbut what the French meant by ARTISTESproducers
of luxuries and amusements�察�play´ actors�察�musicians�察�and suchlike�察�down
to that ;distracted peruke´ maker with two fiery torches�察─ �who�察 �at the
storm of the Bastile�察 �was for burning the saltpetres of the Arsenal�察�had not
a woman run screaming�察�had not a patriot�察�with some tincture of natural
philosophy�察�instantly struck the wind out of him�察�with butt of musket on
pit of stomach�察�overturned the barrels�察�and stayed the devouring element。;
The distracted peruke´maker may have had his wrongsperhaps such a
one as that of poor Triboulet the fool�察�in ;Le Roi s'amuse;and his own
sound reasons for blowing down the Bastile�察�and the system which kept it
up。
For these very ministers of luxurythen miscalled artfrom the
periwig´maker to the play´actorwho like them had seen the frivolity�察�the
baseness�察�the profligacy�察�of the rulers to whose vices they pandered�察�whom
they despised while they adored� �Figaro himself may have looked up to
his master the Marquis as a superior being as long as the law enabled the
Marquis to send him to the Bastile by a lettre de cachet�察�yet Figaro may
have known and seen enough to excuse him�察�when lettres de cachet were
abolished�察 �for handing the Marquis over to a Comite de Salut Public。
Disappointed play´actors�察 �like Collet d'Herbois�察 �disappointed poets�察 �like
Fabre d'Olivet�察�were�察�they say�察�especially ferocious。 Why not�拭�Ingenious�察�
sensitive spirits�察 �used as lap´dogs and singing´birds by men and women
whom they felt to be their own flesh and blood�察 �they had�察 �it may be�察 �a
juster appreciation of the actual worth of their patrons than had our own
Pitt and Burke。 They had played the valet�此�and no man was a hero to
them。 They had seen the nobleman expose himself before his own helots�此�
they would try if the helot was not as good as the nobleman。 The
nobleman had played the mountebank�此 �why should not the mountebank�察�
for once�察 �play the nobleman�拭 �The nobleman's God had been his five
senses�察�with ��to use Mr。 Carlyle's phrase�� the sixth sense of vanity�此 �why
should not the mountebank worship the same God�察�like Carriere at Nantes�察�
and see what grace and gifts he too might obtain at that altar�拭�
But why so cruel�拭 �Because�察 �with many of these men�察 �I more than
suspect�察�there were wrongs to be avenged deeper than any wrongs done to
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the sixth sense of vanity。 Wrongs common to them�察 �and to a great
portion of the respectable middle class�察�and much of the lower class�此 �but
wrongs to which they and their families�察�being most in contact with the
noblesse�察�would be especially exposed�察�namely�察�wrongs to women。
Everyone who knows the literature of that time�察 �must know what I
mean�此 �what had gone on for more than a century�察�it may be more than
two�察 �in France�察 �in Italy�察 �andI
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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