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the ancien regime(硬汚妖)-及14何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



mean�此     �what had gone on for more than a century�察�it may be more than 

two�察   �in  France�察   �in  Italy�察 �andI   am   sorry   to  have   to  say   itGermany 

likewise。     All historians know what I mean�察�and how enormous was the 

evil。    I only wonder that they have so much overlooked that item in the 

causes of the Revolution。          It seems to me to have been more patent and 

potent in the sight of men�察�as it surely was in the sight of Almighty God�察�

than   all   the   political   and   economic   wrongs   put   together。     They   might 

have issued in a change of dynasty or of laws。 That�察�issued in the blood of 

the offenders。      Not a girl was enticed into Louis XV。's Petit Trianon�察�or 

other    den   of  aristocratic   iniquity�察  �but   left  behind   her�察 �parents    nursing 

shame and sullen indignation�察�even while they fingered the ill´gotten price 

of   their   daughter's   honour�察  �and   left   behind   also�察  �perhaps�察  �some   unhappy 

boy     of  her   own    class�察  �in  whom      disappointment      and    jealousy    were 

transformedand who will blame him��into righteous indignation�察�and a 

very sword of God�察�all the more indignant�察�and all the more righteous�察�if 

education helped him to see�察�that the maiden's acquiescence�察�her pride in 

her own shame�察�was the ugliest feature in the whole crime�察�and the most 

potent reason for putting an end�察�however fearful�察�to a state of things in 

which such a fate was thought an honour and a gain�察�and not a disgrace 

and   a   ruin�察  �in   which   the   most   gifted   daughters   of   the   lower   classes   had 

learnt to think it more noble to becomethat which they becamethan the 

wives of honest men。 

     If you will read fairly the literature of the Ancien Regime�察�whether in 

France   or   elsewhere�察  �you   will   see   that   my   facts   are   true。 If   you   have 

human hearts in you�察�you will see in them�察�it seems to me�察�an explanation 

of many a guillotinade and fusillade�察�as yet explained only on the ground 

of madnessan hypothesis which ��as we do not yet in the least understand 

what madness is�� is no explanation at all。 

     An age of decay�察�incoherence�察�and makeshift�察�varnish and gilding upon 



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worm´eaten   furniture�察  �and   mouldering   wainscot�察  �was   that   same   Ancien 

Regime。       And for that very reason a picturesque age�察�like one of its own 

landscapes。       A picturesque bit of uncultivated mountain�察�swarming with 

the prince's game�察�a picturesque old robber schloss above�察�now in ruins�察�

and below�察�perhaps�察�the picturesque new schloss�察�with its French fountains 

and gardens�察�French nymphs of marble�察�and of flesh and blood likewise�察�

which   the   prince   has   partially  paid   for�察  �by  selling   a   few   hundred   young 

men to the English to fight the Yankees。               The river�察�too�察�is picturesque�察�

for the old bridge has not been repaired since it was blown up in the Seven 

Years' War�察�and there is but a single lazy barge floating down the stream�察�

owing      to  the  tolls  and    tariffs  of  his  Serene    Highness�察     �the  village   is 

picturesque�察�for the flower of the young men are at the wars�察�and the place 

is   tumbling   down�察  �and   the   two   old   peasants   in   the   foreground�察  �with   the 

single goat and the hamper of vine´ twigs�察�are very picturesque likewise�察�

for they are all in rags。 

     How   sad   to   see   the   picturesque   element   eliminated�察  �and   the   quiet 

artistic   beauty   of   the   scene   destroyed��to   have   steamers   puffing   up   and 

down the river�察�and a railroad hurrying along its banks the wealth of the 

Old World�察�in exchange for the wealth of the Newor hurrying�察�it may be�察�

whole   regiments   of   free   and   educated   citizen´   soldiers�察  �who   fight�察  �they 

know for what。         How sad to see the alto schloss desecrated by tourists�察�

and the neue schloss converted into a cold´water cure。                   How sad to see 

the village�察�church and all�察�built up again brand´new�察�and whitewashed to 

the very steeple´top�察�a new school at the town´enda new crucifix by the 

wayside。      How   sad   to   see   the   old   folk   well   clothed   in   the   fabrics   of 

England   or   Belgium�察  �doing   an   easy   trade   in   milk   and   fruit�察  �because   the 

land they till has become their own�察�and not the prince's�察�while their sons 

are thriving farmers on the prairies of the far West。               Very unpicturesque�察�

no doubt�察�is wealth and progress�察�peace and safety�察�cleanliness and comfort。 

But they possess advantages unknown to the Ancien Regime�察�which was�察�

if nothing   else�察�picturesque。        Men   could paint   amusing   and   often   pretty 

pictures of its people and its places。 

     Consider that word�察 �picturesque。;             It�察�and the notion of art which it 

expresses�察  �are   the   children   of   the   Ancien   Regimeof   the   era   of   decay。 



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The healthy�察�vigorous�察�earnest�察�progressive Middle Age never dreamed of 

admiring�察  �much   less   of   painting�察  �for   their   own   sake�察  �rags   and   ruins�察  �the 

fashion   sprang   up   at   the   end   of   the   seventeenth   century�察  �it   lingered   on 

during   the   first   quarter   of   our   century�察  �kept   alive   by   the   reaction   from 

1815´25。       It  is  all  but   dead   now�察   �before    the  return   of  vigorous     and 

progressive thought。         An admirer of the Middle Ages now does not build 

a sham ruin in his grounds�察�he restores a church�察�blazing with colour�察�like 

a medieval illumination。          He has learnt to look on that which went by the 

name of picturesque in his great´grandfather's time�察�as an old Greek or a 

Middle Age monk would have doneas something squalid�察�ugly�察�a sign of 

neglect�察   �disease�察   �death�察  �and   therefore    to  be  hated    and   abolished�察   �if  it 

cannot   be   restored。     At   Carcassone�察  �now�察  �M。   Viollet´le´Duc�察  �under   the 

auspices of the Emperor of the French�察�is spending his vast learning�察�and 

much money�察�simply in abolishing the picturesque�察�in restoring stone for 

stone�察�each member of that wonderful museum of Middle Age architecture�此�

Roman�察�Visigothic�察�Moslem�察�Romaine�察�Early English�察�later French�察�all is 

being   reproduced   exactly   as   it   must   have   existed   centuries   since。      No 

doubt that is not the highest function of art�此           �but it is a preparation for the 

highest�察�a step toward some future creative school。                 As the early Italian 

artists�察  �by   careful   imitation�察  �absorbed   into   their   minds   the   beauty   and 

meaning of old Greek and Roman art�察�so must the artists of our days by 

the art of the Middle Age and the Renaissance。                They must learn to copy�察�

before they can learn to surpass�察�and�察�meanwhile�察�they must learnindeed 

they   have   learntthat   decay   is   ugliness�察  �and   the   imitation   of   decay�察  �a 

making money out of the public shame。 

     The picturesque sprang up�察�as far as I can discover�察�suddenly�察�during 

the time of exhaustion and recklessness which followed the great struggles 

of   the   sixteenth   century。    Salvator   Rosa   and   Callot�察  �two   of   the   earliest 

professors      of  picturesque     art�察 �have   never    been   since    surpassed。     For 

indeed�察�they drew from life。           The rags and the ruins�察�material�察�and alas� �

spiritual�察�were all around them�察�the lands and the creeds alike lay waste。 

There was ruffianism  and misery  among the masses   of Europe�察 �unbelief 

and artificiality among the upper classes�察�churches and monasteries defiled�察�

cities sacked�察�farmsteads plundered and ruinate�察�and all the wretchedness 



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which Callot has immortalisedfor a warning to evil rulersin his Miseres 

de la Guerre。       The world was all gone wrong�此             �but as for setting it right 

againwho could do that�拭           �And so men fell into a sentimental regret for 

the past�察  �and   its beauties�察  �all   exaggerated   by  the   foreshortening   of   time�察�

while they wanted strength or faith to reproduce it。                 At last they became 

so   accustomed   to   the   rags   and   ruins�察  �that   they   looked   on   them   as   the 

normal condition of humanity�察�as the normal field for painters。 

     Only     now    and   then�察  �and    especially    toward    the   latter  half   of  the 

eighteenth   century�察  �when   thought   began   to   revive�察  �and   men   dreamed   of 

putting the world to rights once more�察�there rose before them glimpses of 

an    Arcadian     ideal。   Country      lifethe   primaeval     calling    of  menhow 

graceful   and   pure   it   might   be�   �How   gracefulif   not   pureit   once   had 

been�     �The boors of Teniers and the beggars of Murillo might be true to 

present fact�察�but there was a fairer ideal�察�which once had been fact�察�in the 

Eclogues   of   Theocritus�察  �and   the   Loves   of   Daphnis   and   Chloe。       And   so 

men took to dreaming of shepherds and shepherdesses�察�and painting them 

on    canvas�察   �and   modelling      them   in   china�察  �according     to  their   cockney 

notions of what they had been once�察�and always ought to be。                       We smile 

now at   Sevres and   Dresden shepherdesses�察  �but the   wise man   will   surely 

see in them a certain pathos。            They indicated a craving after something 

better than boorishness�察�and the many men and women may have become 

the   gentler   and   purer   by   looking   even   at   them�察  �and   h
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