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john jacob astor(埃魂,埃荻,安帽満)-及3何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
combination that was quite as exclusive then as now。
This marriage was a business partnership as well as marital and proved
a success in every way。 Sarah was a worker�察�with all the good old Dutch
qualities of patience�察 �persistence�察 �industry and economy。 When her
husband went on trips she kept store。 She was the only partner in which
he ever had implicit faith。 And faith is the first requisite in success
Captain Cook had skirted the Pacific Coast from Cape Horn to Alaska�察�
and had brought to the attention of the fur´dealing and fur´wearing world
the sea´otter of the Northern Pacific
He also gave a psychological prophetic glimpse of the insidious
sealskin sacque。
In Seventeen Hundred and Ninety�察�a ship from the Pacific brought a
hundred otterskins to New York。 The skins were quickly sold to London
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John Jacob Astor
buyers at exorbitant prices
The nobility wanted sea´otter�察 �or ``Royal American Ermine��'' as they
called it。 The scarcity boomed the price。 Ships were quickly fitted out
and dispatched。 Boats bound for the whale fisheries were diverted�察�and
New Bedford had a spasm of jealousy。
Astor encouraged these expeditions�察�but at first invested no money in
them�察 �as he considered them ``extra hazardous。'' He was not a
speculator。
Until the year Eighteen Hundred�察�Astor lived over his store in Water
Street�察�but he then moved to the plain and modest house at Two Hundred
and Twenty´three Broadway�察�on the site of the old Astor House。 Here he
lived for twenty´five years。
The fur business was simple and very profitable。 Astor now was
confining himself mostly to beaver´ skins。 He fixed the price at one
dollar�察�to be paid to the Indians or trappers。 It cost fifty cents to prepare
and transport the skin to London。 There it was sold at from five to ten
dollars。 All of the money received for skins was then invested in English
merchandise�察 �which was sold in New York at a profit。 In Eighteen
Hundred�察�Astor owned three ships which he had bought so as to absolutely
control his trade。 Ascertaining that London dealers were reshipping furs
to China�察�early in the century he dispatched one of his ships directly to the
Orient�察�loaded with furs�察�with explicit written instructions to the captain as
to what the cargo should be sold for。 The money was to be invested in
teas and silks。
The ship sailed away�察�and had been gone a year。 No tidings had come
from her。
Suddenly a messenger came with news that the ship was in the bay。
We can imagine the interest of Mr。 and Mrs。 Astor as they locked their
store and ran to the Battery。 Sure enough�察�it was their ship�察�riding gently
on the tide�察�snug�察�strong and safe as when she had left。
The profit on this one voyage was seventy thousand dollars。 By
Eighteen Hundred and Ten�察 �John Jacob Astor was worth two million
dollars。 He began to invest all his surplus money in New York real estate。
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John Jacob Astor
He bought acerage property in the vicinity of Canal Street。 Next he
bought Richmond Hill�察 �the estate of Aaron Burr。 It consisted of one
hundred and sixty acres just above Twenty´third Street。 He paid for the
land a thousand dollars an acre。 People said Astor was crazy。 In ten
years he began to sell lots from the Richmond Hill property at the rate of
five thousand dollars an acre。 Fortunately for his estate he did not sell
much of the land at this price�察�for it is this particular dirt that makes up
that vast property known as ``The Astor Estate。''
During the Revolutionary War�察�Roger Morris�察�of Putnam County�察�New
York�察�made the mistake of siding with the Tories。
A mob collected�察 �and Morris and his family escaped�察 �taking ship to
England。
Before leaving�察�Morris declared his intention of coming back as soon
as ``the insurrection was quelled。''
The British troops�察 �we are reliably informed�察 �failed to quell the
insurrection。
Roger Morris never came back。
Roger Morris is known in history as the man who married Mary
Philipse。 And this lady lives in history because she had the felicity of
having been proposed to by George Washington。 It is George himself�察�
tells of this in his Journal�察�and George you remember could not tell a lie。
George was twenty´five�察 �he was on his way to Boston�察 �and was
entertained at the Philipse house�察�the Plaza not having then been built。
Mary was twenty�察 �pink and lissome。 She played the harpsichord。
Immediately after supper George�察�finding himself alone in the parlor with
the girl�察�proposed。
He was an opportunist。
The lady pleaded for time�察�which the Father of his Country declined to
give。 He was a soldier and demanded immediate surrender。 A small
quarrel followed�察 �and George saddled his horse and rode on his way to
fame and fortune。
Mary thought he would come back�察�but George never proposed to the
same lady twice。 Yet he thought kindly of Mary and excused her conduct
by recording�察 �`I think ye ladye was not in ye moode。''
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John Jacob Astor
Just twenty´two years after this bout with Cupid�察 �General George
Washington�察�Commander´in´Chief of the Continental Army�察�occupied the
Roger Morris Mansion as headquarters�察 �the occupants having fled。
Washington had a sly sense of humor�察�and on the occasion of his moving
into the mansion�察�remarked to Colonel Aaron Burr�察�his aide�察 �`I move in
here for sentimental reasonsI have a small and indirect claim on the
place。''
It was Washington who formally confiscated the property�察�and turned it
over to the State of New York as contraband of war。
The Morris estate of about fifty thousand acres was parceled out and
sold by the State of New York to settlers。
It seems�察 �however�察 �that Roger Morris had only a life interest in the
estate and this was a legal point so fine that it was entirely overlooked in
the joy of confiscation。 Washington was a great soldier�察�but an indifferent
lawyer。
John Jacob Astor accidentally ascertained the facts。 He was convinced
that the heirs could not be robbed of their rights through the acts of a
leaseholder�察�which�察�legally was the status of Roger Morris。 Astor was a
good real estate lawyer himself�察 �but he referred the point to the best
counsel he could find。 They agreed with him。 He next hunted up the
heirs and bought their quitclaims for one hundred thousand dollars。
He then notified the parties who had purchased the land�察�and they in
turn made claim upon the State for protection。
After much legal parleying the case was tried according to stipulation
with the State of New York�察 �directly�察 �as defendant and Astor and the
occupants as plaintiffs。 Daniel Webster and Martin Van Buren appeared
for the State�察�and an array of lesser legal lights for Astor。
The case was narrowed down to the plain and simple point that Roger
Morris was not the legal owner of the estate�察 �and that the rightful heirs
could not be made to suffer for the ``treason�察 �contumacy and
contravention'' of another。 Astor won�察 �and as a compromise the State
issued him twenty´year bonds bearing six per cent interest�察 �for the neat
sum of five hundred thousand dollarsnot that Astor needed the money
but finance was to him a game�察�and he had won。
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John Jacob Astor
In front of the first A。 T。 Stewart store there used to be an old woman
who sold apples。 Regardless of weather�察�there she sat and mumbled her
wares at the passer´by。 She was a combination beggar and merchant�察�
with a blundering wit�察 �a ready tongue and a vocabulary unfit for
publication。
Her commercial genius is shown in the fact that she secured one good
paying customerAlexander T。 Stewart。 Stewart grew to believe in her
as his spirit of good luck。 Once when bargains had been offered at the
Stewart store and the old woman was not at her place on the curb�察 �the
merchant´prince sent his carriage for her in hot haste ``lest offense be
given。'' And the day was saved。
When the original store was abandoned for the Stewart ``Palace'' the
old apple woman with her box�察�basket and umbrella were tenderly taken
along�察�too。
John Jacob Astor had no such belief in luck omens�察 �portents�察 �or
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