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john jacob astor(埃魂,埃荻,安帽満)-及4何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
along�察�too。
John Jacob Astor had no such belief in luck omens�察 �portents�察 �or
mascots as had A。 T。 Stewart。 With him success was a sequencea
resultit was all cause and effect。 A。 T。 Stewart did not trust entirely to
luck�察 �for he too�察 �carefully devised and planned。 But the difference
between the Celtic and Teutonic mind is shown in that Stewart hoped to
succeed�察 �while Astor knew that he would。 One was a bit anxious�察 �the
other exasperatingly placid。
Astor took a deep interest in the Lewis and Clark expedition。
He went to Washington to see Lewis�察 �and questioned him at great
length about the Northwest。 Legend says that he gave the hardy
discoverer a thousand dollars�察 �which was a big amount for him to give
away。
Once a committee called on him with a subscription list for some
worthy charity。 Astor subscribed fifty dollars。 One of the disappointed
committee remarked�察 �`Oh�察�Mr。 Astor�察�your son William gave us a hundred
dollars。''
``Yes��'' said the old man�察 �`But you must remember that William has a
rich father。''
Washington Irving has told the story of Astoria at length。 It was the
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John Jacob Astor
one financial plunge taken by John Jacob Astor。
And in spite of the fact that it failed�察�the whole affair does credit to the
prophetic brain of Astor。
``This country will see a chain of growing and prosperous cities
straight from New York to Astoria�察 �Oregon��'' said this man in reply to a
doubting questioner。
He laid his plans before Congress�察�urging a line of army posts�察�forty
miles apart�察 �from the western extremity of Lake Superior to the Pacific。
``These forts or army posts will evolve into cities��'' said Astor�察 �when he
called on Thomas Jefferson�察�who was then President of the United States。
Jefferson was interested�察�but non´committal。 Astor exhibited maps of the
Great Lakes�察�and the country beyond。 He argued with a prescience then
not possessed by any living man that at the western extremity of Lake
Superior would grow up a great city。 Yet in Eighteen Hundred and
Seventy´six�察�Duluth was ridiculed by the caustic tongue of Proctor Knott�察�
who asked�察 �`What will become of Duluth when the lumber crop is cut��''
Astor proceeded to say that another great city would grow up at the
southern extremity of Lake Michigan。 General Dearborn。 Secretary of
War under Jefferson had just established Fort Dearborn on the present site
of Chicago。 Astor commended this�察�and said�此 �`From a fort you get a
trading post�察�and from a trading post you will get a city。''
He pointed out to Jefferson the site�察 �on his map�察 �of the Falls of St。
Anthony。 ``There you will have a fort some day�察 �for wherever there is
water´power�察�there will grow up mills for grinding grain and sawmills�察�as
well。 This place of power will have to be protected�察�and so you will have
there a post which will eventually be replaced by a city。'' Yet Fort Snelling
was nearly fifty years in the future and St。 Paul and Minneapolis were
dreams undreamed。
Jefferson took time to think about it and then wrote Astor thus�察 �`Your
beginning of a city on the Western Coast is a great acquisition�察�and I look
forward to a time when our population will spread itself up and down
along the whole Pacific frontage�察�unconnected with us�察�excepting by ties
of blood and common interest�察 �and enjoying like us�察 �the rights of self´
government。''
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John Jacob Astor
The Pilgrim Fathers thought land that lay inward from the sea as
valueless。 The forest was an impassible barrier。 Later�察�up to the time of
George Washington�察 �the Alleghanies were regarded as a natural barrier。
Patrick Henry likened the Alleghany Mountains to the Alps that separated
Italy from Germany and said�察 �`The mountain ranges are lines that God
has set to separate one people from another。''
Later�察�statesmen have spoken of the ocean in the same way�察�as proof
that a union of all countries under an international capital could never
exist。
Great as was Jefferson�察 �he regarded the achievement of Lewis and
Clarke as a feat and not an example。 He looked upon the Rocky
Mountains as a natural separation of peoples ``bound by ties of blood and
mutual interest'' but otherwise unconnected。 To pierce these mighty
mountains with tunnels�察�and whisper across them with the human voice�察�
were miracles unguessed。 But Astor closed his eyes and saw pack´trains�察�
mules laden with skins�察�winding across these mountains�察�and down to tide´
water at Astoria。 There his ships would be lying at the docks�察�ready to
sail for the Far East。 James J。 Hill was yet to come。
A company was formed�察�and two expeditions set out for the mouth of
the Columbia River�察�one by land and the other by sea。
The land expedition barely got through aliveit was a perilous
undertaking�察�with accidents by flood and field and in the imminent deadly
breech。
But the route by the water was feasible。
The town was founded and soon became a centre of commercial
activity。 Had Astor been on the ground to take personal charge�察 �a city
like Seattle would have bloomed and blossomed on the Pacific�察�fifty years
ago。 But power at Astoria was subdivided among several little men�察�who
wore themselves out in a struggle for honors�察 �and to see who would be
greatest in the kingdom of heaven。 John Jacob Astor was too far away to
send a current of electricity through the vacuum of their minds�察�light up
the recesses with reason�察 �and shock them into sanity。 Like those first
settlers at Jamestown�察�the pioneers at Astoria saw only failure ahead�察�and
that which we fear�察�we bring to pass。 To settle a continent with men is
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John Jacob Astor
almost as difficult as Nature's attempt to form a soil on a rocky surface。
There came a grand grab at Astoria and it was each for himself and the
devil take the hindermostit was a stampede。
System and order went by the board。 The strongest stole the most�察�as
usual�察�but all got a little。 And England's gain in citizens was our loss。
Astor lost a million dollars by the venture。 He smiled calmly and
said�察 �`The plan was right�察 �but my men were weak�察 �that is all。 The
gateway to China will be from the northwest。 My plans were correct。
Time will vindicate my reasoning。''
When the block on Broadway�察�bounded by Vesey and Barclay Streets�察�
was cleared of its plain two story houses�察�preparatory to building the Astor
House�察�wise men shook their heads and said�察 �`It's too far uptown。''
But the free bus that met all boats solved the difficulty�察�and gave the
cue to hotel men all over the world。 The hotel that runs full is a gold
mine。 Hungry men feed�察�and the beautiful part about the hotel business
is that the customers are hungry the next dayalso thirsty。 Astor was
worth ten million�察�but he took a personal delight in sitting in the lobby of
the Astor House and watching the dollars roll into this palace that his brain
had planned。 To have an ideato watch it growto then work it out�察�and
see it made manifest in concrete substance�察�this was his joy。 The Astor
House was a bigger hostelry in its day than the Waldorf´Astoria is now。
Astor was tall�察 �thin�察 �and commanding in appearance。 He had only
one hallucination�察�and that was that he spoke the English language。 The
accent he possessed at thirty was with him in all its pristine effulgence at
eighty´five。 ``Nopody vould know I vas a Chermanaind't it��'' he used
to say。 He spoke French�察�a dash of Spanish and could parley in Choctaw�察�
Ottawa�察 �Mohawk and Huron。 But they who speak several languages
must not be expected to speak any one language well。
Yet when John Jacob wrote it was English without a flaw。 In all of
his dealings he was uniquely honorable and upright。 He paid and he
made others pay。 His word was his bond。 He was not charitable in the
sense of indiscriminate giving。 ``To give something for nothing is to
weaken the giver��'' was one of his favorite sayings。 That this attitude
protected a miserly spirit�察�it is easy to say�察�but it is not wholly true。 In his
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later years he carried with him a
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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