嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

john jacob astor(埃魂,埃荻,安帽満)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



along�察�too。 

     John    Jacob    Astor    had   no   such   belief   in  luck   omens�察    �portents�察  �or 

mascots      as  had   A。   T。  Stewart。    With     him   success    was    a  sequencea 

resultit was all cause and effect。          A。 T。 Stewart did not trust entirely to 

luck�察   �for  he   too�察  �carefully    devised    and   planned。     But     the  difference 

between the Celtic and Teutonic mind is shown in that Stewart hoped to 

succeed�察  �while Astor   knew   that   he   would。        One   was   a   bit   anxious�察  �the 

other exasperatingly placid。 

     Astor took a deep interest in the Lewis and Clark expedition。 

     He   went   to   Washington   to   see   Lewis�察  �and   questioned   him   at   great 

length     about    the   Northwest。       Legend      says   that   he   gave    the   hardy 

discoverer   a   thousand   dollars�察  �which   was   a   big   amount   for   him   to   give 

away。 

     Once   a   committee   called   on   him   with   a   subscription   list   for   some 

worthy charity。       Astor subscribed fifty dollars。          One of the disappointed 

committee remarked�察 �`Oh�察�Mr。 Astor�察�your son William gave us a hundred 

dollars。'' 

     ``Yes��'' said the old man�察 �`But you must remember that William has a 

rich father。'' 

     Washington Irving has told the story of Astoria at length。                  It was the 



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one financial plunge taken by John Jacob Astor。 

     And in spite of the fact that it failed�察�the whole affair does credit to the 

prophetic brain of Astor。 

     ``This     country    will   see   a  chain   of   growing     and   prosperous      cities 

straight from  New York to Astoria�察 �Oregon��'' said   this   man in   reply  to   a 

doubting questioner。 

     He laid his plans before Congress�察�urging a line of army posts�察�forty 

miles   apart�察  �from  the   western   extremity  of   Lake   Superior   to the   Pacific。 

``These  forts   or   army  posts   will   evolve into   cities��'' said Astor�察 �when   he 

called on Thomas Jefferson�察�who was then President of the United States。 

Jefferson was interested�察�but non´committal。                Astor exhibited maps of the 

Great Lakes�察�and the country beyond。                He argued with a prescience then 

not   possessed   by   any   living   man   that   at   the   western   extremity   of   Lake 

Superior      would     grow    up   a  great   city。  Yet    in   Eighteen     Hundred     and 

Seventy´six�察�Duluth was ridiculed by the caustic tongue of Proctor Knott�察�

who asked�察 �`What will become of Duluth when the lumber crop is cut��'' 

Astor   proceeded   to   say   that   another       great   city   would   grow   up   at    the 

southern extremity of Lake Michigan。                 General Dearborn。          Secretary of 

War under Jefferson had just established Fort Dearborn on the present site 

of Chicago。        Astor commended this�察�and said�此               �`From a fort you get a 

trading post�察�and from a trading post you will get a city。'' 

     He   pointed   out   to   Jefferson   the   site�察  �on   his   map�察  �of   the   Falls   of   St。 

Anthony。       ``There   you   will   have   a   fort   some   day�察 �for   wherever   there   is 

water´power�察�there will grow up mills for grinding grain and sawmills�察�as 

well。    This place of power will have to be protected�察�and so you will have 

there a post which will eventually be replaced by a city。'' Yet Fort Snelling 

was   nearly   fifty   years   in   the   future   and   St。   Paul   and   Minneapolis   were 

dreams undreamed。 

     Jefferson took time to think about it and then wrote Astor thus�察 �`Your 

beginning of a city on the Western Coast is a great acquisition�察�and I look 

forward   to   a   time   when   our   population   will   spread   itself   up   and   down 

along the whole Pacific frontage�察�unconnected with us�察�excepting by ties 

of   blood   and   common   interest�察  �and   enjoying   like   us�察  �the   rights   of   self´ 

government。'' 



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     The   Pilgrim   Fathers   thought   land   that   lay   inward   from   the   sea   as 

valueless。     The forest was an impassible barrier。             Later�察�up to the time of 

George   Washington�察  �the Alleghanies   were   regarded   as   a   natural   barrier。 

Patrick Henry likened the Alleghany Mountains to the Alps that separated 

Italy  from  Germany  and   said�察   �`The   mountain   ranges   are   lines   that   God 

has set to separate one people from another。'' 

     Later�察�statesmen have spoken of the ocean in the same way�察�as proof 

that   a   union   of   all   countries   under   an   international   capital   could   never 

exist。 

     Great   as   was   Jefferson�察  �he   regarded   the   achievement   of   Lewis   and 

Clarke     as   a  feat  and    not   an  example。      He     looked    upon    the   Rocky 

Mountains as a natural separation of peoples ``bound by ties of blood and 

mutual     interest''   but  otherwise     unconnected。       To    pierce    these   mighty 

mountains with tunnels�察�and whisper across them with the human voice�察�

were miracles unguessed。           But Astor closed his eyes and saw pack´trains�察�

mules laden with skins�察�winding across these mountains�察�and down to tide´ 

water at Astoria。        There his ships would be lying at the docks�察�ready to 

sail for the Far East。       James J。 Hill was yet to come。 

       A company was formed�察�and two expeditions set out for the mouth of 

the Columbia River�察�one by land and the other by sea。 

     The     land   expedition     barely    got   through     aliveit   was   a   perilous 

undertaking�察�with accidents by flood and field and in the imminent deadly 

breech。 

     But the route by the water was feasible。 

     The    town    was    founded     and   soon   became      a  centre   of  commercial 

activity。    Had Astor   been   on   the   ground   to   take   personal   charge�察  �a   city 

like Seattle would have bloomed and blossomed on the Pacific�察�fifty years 

ago。     But power at Astoria was subdivided among several little men�察�who 

wore   themselves   out   in   a   struggle   for   honors�察  �and   to   see   who   would   be 

greatest in the kingdom of heaven。             John Jacob Astor was too far away to 

send a current of electricity through the vacuum of their minds�察�light up 

the   recesses   with   reason�察  �and   shock   them   into   sanity。     Like   those   first 

settlers at Jamestown�察�the pioneers at Astoria saw only failure ahead�察�and 

that which we fear�察�we bring to pass。              To settle a continent with men is 



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                                       John Jacob Astor 



almost as difficult as Nature's attempt to form a soil on a rocky surface。 

     There came a grand grab at Astoria and it was each for himself and the 

devil take the hindermostit was a stampede。 

     System and order went by the board。              The strongest stole the most�察�as 

usual�察�but all got a little。     And England's gain in citizens was our loss。 

     Astor   lost   a   million   dollars   by   the   venture。  He   smiled   calmly   and 

said�察   �`The   plan   was   right�察  �but   my   men   were   weak�察  �that   is   all。   The 

gateway   to   China   will   be   from   the   northwest。     My   plans   were   correct。 

Time will vindicate my reasoning。'' 

     When the block on Broadway�察�bounded by Vesey and Barclay Streets�察�

was cleared of its plain two story houses�察�preparatory to building the Astor 

House�察�wise men shook their heads and said�察 �`It's too far uptown。'' 

     But the free bus that met all boats solved the difficulty�察�and gave the 

cue to hotel   men   all   over the   world。       The  hotel   that   runs   full   is   a   gold 

mine。     Hungry men feed�察�and the beautiful part about the hotel business 

is   that   the   customers   are   hungry   the   next   dayalso   thirsty。   Astor   was 

worth ten million�察�but he took a personal delight in sitting in the lobby of 

the Astor House and watching the dollars roll into this palace that his brain 

had planned。       To have an ideato watch it growto then work it out�察�and 

see it made manifest in concrete substance�察�this was his joy。                    The Astor 

House was a bigger hostelry in its day than the Waldorf´Astoria is now。 

     Astor   was   tall�察  �thin�察  �and   commanding   in   appearance。       He   had   only 

one hallucination�察�and that was that he spoke the English language。                      The 

accent he possessed at thirty was with him in all its pristine effulgence at 

eighty´five。      ``Nopody vould know I vas a Chermanaind't it��'' he used 

to say。    He spoke French�察�a dash of Spanish and could parley in Choctaw�察�

Ottawa�察  �Mohawk         and   Huron。     But    they   who    speak    several   languages 

must not be expected to speak any one language well。 

     Yet when John Jacob wrote it was English without a flaw。                      In all of 

his   dealings   he   was   uniquely   honorable   and   upright。        He   paid   and   he 

made others pay。         His word was his bond。           He was not charitable in the 

sense   of   indiscriminate   giving。       ``To   give   something   for   nothing   is   to 

weaken   the   giver��''   was   one   of   his   favorite   sayings。   That   this   attitude 

protected a miserly spirit�察�it is easy to say�察�but it is not wholly true。              In his 



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                                       John Jacob Astor 



later    years   he   carried    with   him    a 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��