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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及13何蛍
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blessedness ´ God was�察 �as we have said already�察 �and are now
demonstrating�察�equally gracious to all。 ��49�� Scripture itself bears testimony
to this fact�察�for the Psalmist says ��cxlv��18���察 �The Lord is near unto all them
that call upon Him�察�to all that call upon Him in truth。; ��50�� So in the same
Psalm�察�verse 9�察 �The Lord is good to all�察�and His tender mercies are over
all His works。; In Ps。 xxxiii��16�察�it is clearly stated that God has granted to
all men the same intellect�察 �in these words�察 �He fashioneth their hearts
alike。; The heart was considered by the Hebrews�察�as I suppose everyone
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knows�察�to be the seat of the soul and the intellect。
��51�� Lastly�察�from Job xxxviii��28�察�it is plain that God had ordained for
the whole human race the law to reverence God�察�to keep from evil doing�察�
or to do well�察 �and that Job�察 �although a Gentile�察 �was of all men most
acceptable to God�察 �because he exceeded all in piety and religion。 ��52��
Lastly�察�from Jonah iv��2�察�it is very evident that�察�not only to the Jews but to
all men�察 �God was gracious�察 �merciful�察 �long´ suffering�察 �and of great
goodness�察 �and repented Him of the evil�察 �for Jonah says�此 �Therefore I
determined to flee before unto Tarshish�察 �for I know that Thou art a
gracious God�察 �and merciful�察 �slow to anger�察 �and of great kindness�察─ �&c。�察�
and that�察�therefore�察 �God would pardon the Ninevites。 ��53�� We conclude�察�
therefore ��inasmuch as God is to all men equally gracious�察 �and the
Hebrews were only�察�chosen by him in respect to their social organization
and government���察 �that the individual Jew�察 �taken apart from his social
organization and government�察�possessed no gift of God above other men�察�
and that there was no difference between Jew and Gentile。 ��54�� As it is a
fact that God is equally gracious�察�merciful�察�and the rest�察�to all men�察�and as
the function of the prophet was to teach men not so much the laws of their
country�察�as true virtue�察�and to exhort them thereto�察�it is not to be doubted
that all nations possessed prophets�察 �and that the prophetic gift was not
peculiar to the Jews。 ��55�� Indeed�察�history�察�both profane and sacred�察�bears
witness to the fact。 ��56�� Although�察 �from the sacred histories of the Old
Testament�察�it is not evident that the other nations had as many prophets as
the Hebrews�察�or that any Gentile prophet was expressly sent by God to the
nations�察�this does not affect the question�察�for the Hebrews were careful to
record their own affairs�察�not those of other nations。 ��57�� It suffices�察�then�察�
that we find in the Old Testament Gentiles�察�and uncircumcised�察�as Noah�察�
Enoch�察�Abimelech�察 �Balaam�察 �&c。�察 �exercising prophetic gifts�察 �further�察 �that
Hebrew prophets were sent by God�察 �not only to their own nation but to
many others also。 ��58�� Ezekiel prophesied to all the nations then known�察�
Obadiah to none�察�that we are aware of�察�save the Idumeans�察�and Jonah was
chiefly the prophet to the Ninevites。 ��59�� Isaiah bewails and predicts the
calamities�察�and hails the restoration not only of the Jews but also of other
nations�察 �for he says ��chap。 xvi��9���察 �Therefore I will bewail Jazer with
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weeping�察─�and in chap。 xix。 he foretells first the calamities and then the
restoration of the Egyptians ��see verses 19�察�20�察�21�察�25���察�saying that God
shall send them a Saviour to free them�察�that the Lord shall be known in
Egypt�察 �and�察 �further�察 �that the Egyptians shall worship God with sacrifice
and oblation�察�and�察�at last�察�he calls that nation the blessed Egyptian people
of God�察�all of which particulars are specially noteworthy。
��60�� Jeremiah is called�察 �not the prophet of the Hebrew nation�察 �but
simply the prophet of the nations ��see Jer��i。5��。 ��61�� He also mournfully
foretells the calamities of the nations�察�and predicts their restoration�察�for he
says ��xlviii��31�� of the Moabites�察 �Therefore will I howl for Moab�察�and I
will cryout for all Moab; ��verse 36���察 �and therefore mine heart shall sound
for Moab like pipes�察─�in the end he prophesies their restoration�察�as also the
restoration of the Egyptians�察�Ammonites�察�and Elamites。 ��62�� Wherefore it
is beyond doubt that other nations also�察�like the Jews�察�had their prophets�察�
who prophesied to them。
��63�� Although Scripture only�察�makes mention of one man�察�Balaam�察�to
whom the future of the Jews and the other nations was revealed�察�we must
not suppose that Balaam prophesied only once�察�for from the narrative itself
it is abundantly clear that he had long previously been famous for
prophesy and other Divine gifts。 ��64�� For when Balak bade him to come to
him�察 �he said ��Num。 xxii��6���察 �For I know that he whom thou blessest is
blessed�察�and he whom thou cursest is cursed。; ��65�� Thus we see that he
possessed the gift which God had bestowed on Abraham。 Further�察 �as
accustomed to prophesy�察�Balaam bade the messengers wait for him till the
will of the Lord was revealed to him。 ��66�� When he prophesied�察 �that is�察�
when he interpreted the true mind of God�察 �he was wont to say this of
himself�此 �He hath said�察 �which heard the words of God and knew the
knowledge of the Most High�察�which saw the vision of the Almighty falling
into a trance�察�but having his eyes open。; ��67�� Further�察�after he had blessed
the Hebrews by the command of God�察 �he began ��as was his custom�� to
prophesy to other nations�察 �and to predict their future�察 �all of which
abundantly shows that he had always been a prophet�察 �or had often
prophesied�察 �and ��as we may also remark here�� possessed that which
afforded the chief certainty to prophets of the truth of their prophecy�察�
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namely�察 �a mind turned wholly to what is right and good�察 �for he did not
bless those whom he wished to bless�察�nor curse those whom he wished to
curse�察�as Balak supposed�察�but only those whom God wished to be blessed
or cursed。 ��68�� Thus he answered Balak�此 �If Balak should give me his
house full of silver and gold�察�I cannot go beyond the commandment of the
Lord to do either good or bad of my own mind�察�but what the Lord saith�察�
that will I speak。; ��69�� As for God being angry with him in the way�察�the
same happened to Moses when he set out to Egypt by the command of the
Lord�察�and as to his receiving money for prophesying�察�Samuel did the same
��1 Sam。 ix��7�察 �8���察 �if in anyway he sinned�察 �there is not a just man upon
earth that doeth good and sinneth not�察─�Eccles。 vii��20。 ��Vide 2 Epist。 Peter
ii��15�察�16�察�and Jude 5��11。��
��70�� His speeches must certainly have had much weight with God�察�and
His power for cursing must assuredly have been very great from the
number of times that we find stated in Scripture�察�in proof of God's great
mercy to the Jews�察�that God would not hear Balaam�察�and that He changed
the cursing to blessing ��see Deut。 xxiii��6�察�Josh。 xxiv��10�察�Neh。 xiii��2��。 ��71��
Wherefore he was without doubt most acceptable to God�察�for the speeches
and cursings of the wicked move God not at all。 ��72�� As then he was a true
prophet�察 �and nevertheless Joshua calls him a soothsayer or augur�察 �it is
certain that this title had an honourable signification�察�and that those whom
the Gentiles called augurs and soothsayers were true prophets�察�while those
whom Scripture often accuses and condemns were false soothsayers�察�who
deceived the Gentiles as false prophets deceived the Jews�察�indeed�察�this is
made evident from other passages in the Bible�察�whence we conclude that
the gift of prophecy was not peculiar to the Jews�察 �but common to all
nations。 ��73�� The Pharisees�察�however�察�vehemently contend that this Divine
gift was peculiar to their nation�察 �and that the other nations foretold the
future ��what will superstition invent next�殖� by some unexplained
diabolical faculty。 ��74�� The principal passage of Scripture which they cite�察�
by way of confirming their theory with its authority�察�is Exodus xxxiii��16�察�
where Moses says to God�察 �For wherein shall it be known here that I and
Thy people have found grace in Thy sight�拭�is it not in that Thou goest with
us�拭�so shall we be separated�察�I and Thy people�察�from all the people that are
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upon the face of the earth。; ��75�� From this they would infer that Moses
asked of God that He should be present to the Jews�察 �and should reveal
Himself to them prophetically�察�further�察�that He should grant this favour to
no other nation。 ��76�� It is surely absurd that Moses should have been
jealous of God's presence among the Gentiles�察 �or that he should have
dared to
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