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jealous of God's presence among the Gentiles�察 �or that he should have
dared to ask any such thing。 ��77�� The act is�察 �as Moses knew that the
disposition and spirit of his nation was rebellious�察�he clearly saw that they
could not carry out what they had begun without very great miracles and
special external aid from God�察 �nay�察 �that without such aid they must
necessarily perish�此�as it was evident that God wished them to be preserved�察�
he asked for this special external aid。 ��78�� Thus he says ��Ex。 xxxiv��9���察 �If
now I have found grace in Thy sight�察�0 Lord�察�let my Lord�察�I pray Thee�察�go
among us�察�for it is a stiffnecked people。; ��79�� The reason�察�therefore�察�for his
seeking special external aid from God was the stiffneckedness of the
people�察�and it is made still more plain�察�that he asked for nothing beyond
this special external aid by God's answer ´ for God answered at once
��verse 10 of the same chapter�� ´ ;Behold�察 �I make a covenant�此�before all
Thy people I will do marvels�察�such as have not been done in all the earth�察�
nor in any nation。; ��80�� Therefore Moses had in view nothing beyond the
special election of the Jews�察 �as I have explained it�察 �and made no other
request to God。 ��81�� I confess that in Paul's Epistle to the Romans�察�I find
another text which carries more weight�察 �namely�察 �where Paul seems to
teach a different doctrine from that here set down�察�for he there says ��Rom。
iii��1���此 �What advantage then hath the Jew�拭 �or what profit is there of
circumcision�拭。�82�� Much every way�此�chiefly�察�because that unto them were
committed the oracles of God。;
��83�� But if we look to the doctrine which Paul especially desired to
teach�察 �we shall find nothing repugnant to our present contention�察 �on the
contrary�察�his doctrine is the same as ours�察�for he says ��Rom。 iii��29�� ;that
God is the God of the Jews and of the Gentiles�察�and; ��ch。 ii��25�察�26�� ;But�察�
if thou be a breaker of the law�察 �thy circumcision is made
uncircumcision。 ��84�� Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the
righteousness of the law�察 �shall not his uncircumcision be counted for
circumcision�拭─。�85�� Further�察�in chap。 iv��verse 9�察�he says that all alike�察�Jew
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and Gentile�察�were under sin�察�and that without commandment and law there
is no sin。 ��86�� Wherefore it is most evident that to all men absolutely was
revealed the law under which all lived ´ namely�察�the law which has regard
only to true virtue�察 �not the law established in respect to�察 �and in the
formation of a particular state and adapted to the disposition of a particular
people。 ��87�� Lastly�察�Paul concludes that since God is the God of all nations�察�
that is�察�is equally gracious to all�察�and since all men equally live under the
law and under sin�察�so also to all nations did God send His Christ�察�to free all
men equally from the bondage of the law�察 �that they should no more do
right by the command of the law�察 �but by the constant determination of
their hearts。 ��88�� So that Paul teaches exactly the same as ourselves。 ��89��
When�察�therefore�察�he says ;To the Jews only were entrusted the oracles of
God�察─�we must either understand that to them only were the laws entrusted
in writing�察�while they were given to other nations merely in revelation and
conception�察 �or else ��as none but Jews would object to the doctrine he
desired to advance�� that Paul was answering only in accordance with the
understanding and current ideas of the Jews�察 �for in respect to teaching
things which he had partly seen�察 �partly heard�察 �he was to the Greeks a
Greek�察�and to the Jews a Jew。
��90�� It now only remains to us to answer the arguments of those who
would persuade themselves that the election of the Jews was not temporal�察�
and merely in respect of their commonwealth�察�but eternal�察�for�察�they say�察�we
see the Jews after the loss of their commonwealth�察 �and after being
scattered so many years and separated from all other nations�察 �still
surviving�察�which is without parallel among other peoples�察�and further the
Scriptures seem to teach that God has chosen for Himself the Jews for
ever�察 �so that though they have lost their commonwealth�察 �they still
nevertheless remain God's elect。
��91�� The passages which they think teach most clearly this eternal
election�察�are chiefly�此。�1。�� Jer。 xxxi��36�察�where the prophet testifies that the
seed of Israel shall for ever remain the nation of God�察 �comparing them
with the stability of the heavens and nature�察�
��2。�� Ezek。 xx��32�察 �where the prophet seems to intend that though the
Jews wanted after the help afforded them to turn their backs on the
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worship of the Lord�察 �that God would nevertheless gather them together
again from all the lands in which they were dispersed�察�and lead them to the
wilderness of the peoples ´ as He had led their fathers to the wilderness of
the land of Egypt ´ and would at length�察 �after purging out from among
them the rebels and transgressors�察�bring them thence to his Holy mountain�察�
where the whole house of Israel should worship Him。 Other passages are
also cited�察�especially by the Pharisees�察�but I think I shall satisfy everyone
if I answer these two�察�and this I shall easily accomplish after showing from
Scripture itself that God chose not the Hebrews for ever�察�but only on the
condition under which He had formerly chosen the Canaanites�察�for these
last�察�as we have shown�察�had priests who religiously worshipped God�察�and
whom God at length rejected because of their luxury�察 �pride�察�and corrupt
worship。
��92�� Moses ��Lev。 xviii��27�� warned the Israelites that they be not
polluted with whoredoms�察�lest the land spue them out as it had spued out
the nations who had dwelt there before�察 �and in Deut。 viii��19�察 �20�察 �in the
plainest terms He threatens their total ruin�察�for He says�察 �I testify against
you that ye shall surely perish。 ��93�� As the nations which the Lord
destroyeth before your face�察�so shall ye perish。; In like manner many other
passages are found in the law which expressly show that God chose the
Hebrews neither absolutely nor for ever。 ��94�� If�察�then�察�the prophets foretold
for them a new covenant of the knowledge of God�察�love�察�and grace�察�such a
promise is easily proved to be only made to the elect�察�for Ezekiel in the
chapter which we have just quoted expressly says that God will separate
from them the rebellious and transgressors�察 �and Zephaniah ��iii��12�察 �13���察�
says that ;God will take away the proud from the midst of them�察�and leave
the poor。; ��95�� Now�察�inasmuch as their election has regard to true virtue�察�it
is not to be thought that it was promised to the Jews alone to the exclusion
of others�察�but we must evidently believe that the true Gentile prophets ��and
every nation�察�as we have shown�察�possessed such�� promised the same to the
faithful of their own people�察�who were thereby comforted。 ��96�� Wherefore
this eternal covenant of the knowledge of God and love is universal�察�as is
clear�察�moreover�察�from Zeph。 iii��10�察�11 �此�no difference in this respect can be
admitted between Jew and Gentile�察�nor did the former enjoy any special
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election beyond that which we have pointed out。
��97�� When the prophets�察 �in speaking of this election which regards
only true virtue�察 �mixed up much concerning sacrifices and ceremonies�察�
and the rebuilding of the temple and city�察�they wished by such figurative
expressions�察�after the manner and nature of prophecy�察�to expound matters
spiritual�察�so as at the same time to show to the Jews�察�whose prophets they
were�察 �the true restoration of the state and of the temple to be expected
about the time of Cyrus。
��98�� At the present time�察�therefore�察�there is absolutely nothing which
the Jews can arrogate to themselves beyond other people。
��99�� As to their continuance so long after dispersion and the loss of
empire�察�there is nothing marvellous in it�察�for they so separated themselves
from every other nation as to draw down upon themselves universal hate�察�
not only by their outward rites�察�rites conflicting with those of other nations�察�
but also by the sign of circumcision which they most scrupulously
observe。
��100�� That they have been preserved in great measure by Gentile
hatred�察�experience demonstrates。 ��101�� When the king of Spain formerly
compelled the Jews to embrace the State religion or to go into exile�察 �a
large number of Jews accepted Catholicism。 ��102�� Now�察 �as these
renegades were admitted to all the native privileges of Spaniards�察 �and
deemed worthy of filling
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