嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及17何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
must perforce say that God revealed to Adam the evil which would surely
follow if he should eat of the tree�察�but did not disclose that such evil would
of necessity come to pass。 ��60�� Thus it was that Adam took the revelation
to be not an eternal and necessary truth�察�but a law ´ that is�察�an ordinance
followed by gain or loss�察�not depending necessarily on the nature of the act
performed�察�but solely on the will and absolute power of some potentate�察�so
that the revelation in question was solely in relation to Adam�察�and solely
through his lack of knowledge a law�察�and God was�察�as it were�察�a lawgiver
and potentate。 ��61�� From the same cause�察�namely�察�from lack of knowledge�察�
the Decalogue in relation to the Hebrews was a law�察�for since they knew
not the existence of God as an eternal truth�察�they must have taken as a law
that which was revealed to them in the Decalogue�察�namely�察�that God exists�察�
and that God only should be worshipped。 ��62�� But if God had spoken to
them without the intervention of any bodily means�察 �immediately they
would have perceived it not as a law�察�but as an eternal truth。
��63�� What we have said about the Israelites and Adam�察�applies also to
all the prophets who wrote laws in God's name ´ they did not adequately
conceive God's decrees as eternal truths。 ��64�� For instance�察�we must say of
Moses that from revelation�察�from the basis of what was revealed to him�察�he
perceived the method by which the Israelitish nation could best be united
in a particular territory�察�and could form a body politic or state�察�and further
that he perceived the method by which that nation could best be
constrained to obedience�察�but he did not perceive�察�nor was it revealed to
him�察�that this method was absolutely the best�察�nor that the obedience of the
people in a certain strip of territory would necessarily imply the end he
60
´ Page 61´
A Theologico´Political Treatise
had in view。 ��65�� Wherefore he perceived these things not as eternal truths�察�
but as precepts and ordinances�察�and he ordained them as laws of God�察�and
thus it came to be that he conceived God as a ruler�察�a legislator�察�a king�察�as
merciful�察�just�察�&c。�察�whereas such qualities are simply attributes of human
nature�察�and utterly alien from the nature of the Deity。 ��66��Thus much we
may affirm of the prophets who wrote laws in the name of God�察�but we
must not affirm it of Christ�察 �for Christ�察 �although He too seems to have
written laws in the name of God�察�must be taken to have had a clear and
adequate perception�察 �for Christ was not so much a prophet as the
mouthpiece of God。 ��67�� For God made revelations to mankind through
Christ as He had before done through angels ´ that is�察 �a created voice�察�
visions�察 �&c。 ��68�� It would be as unreasonable to say that God had
accommodated his revelations to the opinions of Christ as that He had
before accommodated them to the opinions of angels ��that is�察�of a created
voice or visions�� as matters to be revealed to the prophets�察�a wholly absurd
hypothesis。 ��69�� Moreover�察�Christ was sent to teach not only the Jews but
the whole human race�察 �and therefore it was not enough that His mind
should be accommodated to the opinions the Jews alone�察�but also to the
opinion and fundamental teaching common to the whole human race ´ in
other words�察�to ideas universal and true。 ��70�� Inasmuch as God revealed
Himself to Christ�察 �or to Christ's mind immediately�察 �and not as to the
prophets through words and symbols�察�we must needs suppose that Christ
perceived truly what was revealed�察�in other words�察�He understood it�察�for a�察�
matter is understood when it is perceived simply by the mind without
words or symbols。
��71�� Christ�察�then�察�perceived ��truly and adequately�� what was revealed�察�
and if He ever proclaimed such revelations as laws�察�He did so because of
the ignorance and obstinacy of the people�察�acting in this respect the part of
God�察�inasmuch as He accommodated Himself to the comprehension of the
people�察 �and though He spoke somewhat more clearly than the other
prophets�察 �yet He taught what was revealed obscurely�察 �and generally
through parables�察 �especially when He was speaking to those to whom it
was not yet given to understand the kingdom of heaven。 ��See Matt。 xiii��10�察�
&c。�� ��72�� To those to whom it was given to understand the mysteries of
61
´ Page 62´
A Theologico´Political Treatise
heaven�察�He doubtless taught His doctrines as eternal truths�察�and did not lay
them down as laws�察 �thus freeing the minds of His hearers from the
bondage of that law which He further confirmed and established。 ��73�� Paul
apparently points to this more than once ��e。g。 Rom。 vii��6�察 �and iii��28���察�
though he never himself seems to wish to speak openly�察�but�察�to quote his
own words ��Rom。 iii��6�察 �and vi��19���察 �merely humanly。; ��74�� This he
expressly states when he calls God just�察�and it was doubtless in concession
to human weakness that he attributes mercy�察 �grace�察 �anger�察 �and similar
qualities to God�察�adapting his language to the popular mind�察�or�察�as he puts
it ��1 Cor。 iii��1�察 �2���察 �to carnal men。 ��75�� In Rom。 ix��18�察 �he teaches
undisguisedly that God's auger and mercy depend not on the actions of
men�察�but on God's own nature or will�察�further�察�that no one is justified by
the works of the law�察�but only by faith�察�which he seems to identify with the
full assent of the soul�察�lastly�察�that no one is blessed unless he have in him
the mind of Christ ��Rom。 viii��9���察�whereby he perceives the laws of God as
eternal truths。 ��76�� We conclude�察 �therefore�察 �that God is described as a
lawgiver or prince�察�and styled just�察�merciful�察�&c。�察�merely in concession to
popular understanding�察�and the imperfection of popular knowledge�察�that in
reality God acts and directs all things simply by the necessity of His nature
and perfection�察�and that His decrees and volitions are eternal truths�察�and
always involve necessity。 ��77�� So much for the first point which I wished
to explain and demonstrate。
��78�� Passing on to the second point�察�let us search the sacred pages for
their teaching concerning the light of nature and this Divine law。 ��79�� The
first doctrine we find in the history of the first man�察�where it is narrated
that God commanded Adam not to eat of the fruit of the tree of the
knowledge of good and evil�察 �this seems to mean that God commanded
Adam to do and to seek after righteousness because it was good�察 �not
because the contrary was evil�此�that is�察�to seek the good for its own sake�察�
not from fear of evil。 ��80�� We have seen that he who acts rightly from the
true knowledge and love of right�察 �acts with freedom and constancy�察�
whereas he who acts from fear of evil�察�is under the constraint of evil�察�and
acts in bondage under external control。 ��81�� So that this commandment of
God to Adam comprehends the whole Divine natural law�察�and absolutely
62
´ Page 63´
A Theologico´Political Treatise
agrees with the dictates of the light of nature�察 �nay�察 �it would be easy to
explain on this basis the whole history or allegory of the first man。 ��82��
But I prefer to pass over the subject in silence�察�because�察�in the first place�察�I
cannot be absolutely certain that my explanation would be in accordance
with the intention of the sacred writer�察�and�察�secondly�察�because many do not
admit that this history is an allegory�察 �maintaining it to be a simple
narrative of facts。 ��83�� It will be better�察�therefore�察�to adduce other passages
of Scripture�察�especially such as were written by him�察�who speaks with all
the strength of his natural understanding�察 �in which he surpassed all his
contemporaries�察�and whose sayings are accepted by the people as of equal
weight with those of the prophets。 ��84�� I mean Solomon�察�whose prudence
and wisdom are commended in Scripture rather than his piety and gift of
prophecy。 ��85�� Life being taken to mean the true life ��as is evident from
Deut。 xxx��19���察�the fruit of the understanding consists only in the true life�察�
and its absence constitutes punishment。 ��86�� All this absolutely agrees
with what was set out in our fourth point concerning natural law。 ��87��
Moreover our position that it is the well´spring of life�察 �and that the
intellect alone lays down laws for the wise�察�is plainly taught by�察�the sage�察�
for he says ��Prov。 xiii14���此 �The law of the wise is a fountain of life ; ´ that
is�察�as we gather from the preceding text�察�the understanding。 ��88�� In chap。
iii��13�察�he expressly teaches that the understanding renders man blessed and
happy�察�and gives him true peace of mind。 ;Happy is the man that findeth
wisdom�察 �and the man that getteth understanding�察─ �for ;Wisdom gives
length of days�察�and riches and honour�察�her ways are ways of pleasantness�察�
and all her paths peace; ��xiiii6�察�17��。 ��89�� According to Solomon�察�therefore�察�
it is only�察�the wise who live in peace and equanimity�察�not like the wicked
whose minds drift hither and thither�察 �an
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��