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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及17何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



must perforce say that God revealed to Adam the evil which would surely 

follow if he should eat of the tree�察�but did not disclose that such evil would 

of necessity come to pass。 ��60�� Thus it was that Adam took the revelation 

to be not an eternal and necessary truth�察�but a law ´ that is�察�an ordinance 

followed by gain or loss�察�not depending necessarily on the nature of the act 

performed�察�but solely on the will and absolute power of some potentate�察�so 

that the revelation in question was solely in relation to Adam�察�and solely 

through his lack of knowledge a law�察�and God was�察�as it were�察�a lawgiver 

and potentate。 ��61�� From the same cause�察�namely�察�from lack of knowledge�察�

the Decalogue in relation to the Hebrews was a law�察�for since they knew 

not the existence of God as an eternal truth�察�they must have taken as a law 

that which was revealed to them in the Decalogue�察�namely�察�that God exists�察�

and that God only should be worshipped。 ��62�� But if God had spoken to 

them   without      the   intervention   of   any   bodily   means�察   �immediately   they 

would have perceived it not as a law�察�but as an eternal truth。 

     ��63�� What we have said about the Israelites and Adam�察�applies also to 

all the prophets who wrote laws in God's name ´ they did not adequately 

conceive God's decrees as eternal truths。 ��64�� For instance�察�we must say of 

Moses that from revelation�察�from the basis of what was revealed to him�察�he 

perceived the method by which the Israelitish nation could best be united 

in a particular territory�察�and could form a body politic or state�察�and further 

that    he   perceived    the   method     by   which     that   nation   could    best   be 

constrained to obedience�察�but he did not perceive�察�nor was it revealed to 

him�察�that this method was absolutely the best�察�nor that the obedience of the 

people   in   a   certain   strip   of   territory  would   necessarily  imply  the   end   he 



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had in view。 ��65�� Wherefore he perceived these things not as eternal truths�察�

but as precepts and ordinances�察�and he ordained them as laws of God�察�and 

thus it came to be that he conceived God as a ruler�察�a legislator�察�a king�察�as 

merciful�察�just�察�&c。�察�whereas such qualities are simply attributes of human 

nature�察�and utterly alien from the nature of the Deity。 ��66��Thus much we 

may affirm of the prophets who wrote laws in the name of God�察�but we 

must   not   affirm   it   of   Christ�察  �for   Christ�察  �although   He   too   seems   to   have 

written laws in the name of God�察�must be taken to have had a clear and 

adequate      perception�察    �for  Christ    was    not  so   much     a  prophet     as  the 

mouthpiece   of   God。  ��67��   For   God   made   revelations to   mankind   through 

Christ   as   He   had   before   done   through   angels   ´   that   is�察  �a   created   voice�察�

visions�察   �&c。    ��68��   It  would    be  as   unreasonable      to  say   that  God    had 

accommodated   his   revelations   to   the   opinions   of   Christ   as   that   He   had 

before accommodated them to the opinions of angels ��that is�察�of a created 

voice or visions�� as matters to be revealed to the prophets�察�a wholly absurd 

hypothesis。 ��69�� Moreover�察�Christ was sent to teach not only the Jews but 

the   whole   human   race�察  �and   therefore   it   was   not   enough   that   His   mind 

should be accommodated to the opinions the Jews alone�察�but also to the 

opinion and fundamental teaching common to the whole human race ´ in 

other words�察�to ideas universal and true。 ��70�� Inasmuch as God revealed 

Himself   to   Christ�察  �or   to   Christ's   mind   immediately�察  �and   not   as   to   the 

prophets through words and symbols�察�we must needs suppose that Christ 

perceived truly what was revealed�察�in other words�察�He understood it�察�for a�察�

matter   is   understood   when   it   is   perceived   simply   by   the   mind   without 

words or symbols。 

     ��71�� Christ�察�then�察�perceived ��truly and adequately�� what was revealed�察�

and if He ever proclaimed such revelations as laws�察�He did so because of 

the ignorance and obstinacy of the people�察�acting in this respect the part of 

God�察�inasmuch as He accommodated Himself to the comprehension of the 

people�察    �and   though    He    spoke   somewhat       more    clearly   than   the  other 

prophets�察    �yet   He   taught    what    was   revealed     obscurely�察   �and   generally 

through parables�察 �especially  when He   was   speaking   to those to   whom  it 

was not yet given to understand the kingdom of heaven。 ��See Matt。 xiii��10�察�

&c。�� ��72�� To those to whom it was given to understand the mysteries of 



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heaven�察�He doubtless taught His doctrines as eternal truths�察�and did not lay 

them     down     as  laws�察  �thus   freeing    the   minds    of  His   hearers    from    the 

bondage of that law which He further confirmed and established。 ��73�� Paul 

apparently   points   to   this   more   than   once   ��e。g。   Rom。   vii��6�察  �and   iii��28���察�

though he never himself seems to wish to speak openly�察�but�察�to quote his 

own     words     ��Rom。     iii��6�察 �and   vi��19���察   �merely     humanly。;     ��74��    This   he 

expressly states when he calls God just�察�and it was doubtless in concession 

to   human   weakness   that   he   attributes   mercy�察  �grace�察  �anger�察  �and   similar 

qualities to God�察�adapting his language to the popular mind�察�or�察�as he puts 

it   ��1  Cor。    iii��1�察 �2���察 �to  carnal    men。    ��75��   In   Rom。    ix��18�察   �he   teaches 

undisguisedly   that   God's   auger   and   mercy   depend   not   on   the   actions   of 

men�察�but on God's own nature or will�察�further�察�that no one is justified by 

the works of the law�察�but only by faith�察�which he seems to identify with the 

full assent of the soul�察�lastly�察�that no one is blessed unless he have in him 

the mind of Christ ��Rom。 viii��9���察�whereby he perceives the laws of God as 

eternal   truths。   ��76��   We   conclude�察  �therefore�察  �that   God   is   described   as   a 

lawgiver or prince�察�and styled just�察�merciful�察�&c。�察�merely in concession to 

popular understanding�察�and the imperfection of popular knowledge�察�that in 

reality God acts and directs all things simply by the necessity of His nature 

and perfection�察�and that His decrees and volitions are eternal truths�察�and 

always involve necessity。 ��77�� So much for the first point which I wished 

to explain and demonstrate。 

     ��78�� Passing on to the second point�察�let us search the sacred pages for 

their teaching concerning the light of nature and this Divine law。 ��79�� The 

first doctrine we find in the history of the first man�察�where it is narrated 

that   God   commanded   Adam   not   to   eat   of   the   fruit   of   the   tree   of   the 

knowledge   of   good   and   evil�察  �this   seems   to   mean   that   God   commanded 

Adam   to   do   and   to   seek   after   righteousness   because   it   was   good�察  �not 

because the contrary was evil�此�that is�察�to seek the good for its own sake�察�

not from fear of evil。 ��80�� We have seen that he who acts rightly from the 

true    knowledge      and    love   of  right�察  �acts   with   freedom     and    constancy�察�

whereas he who acts from fear of evil�察�is under the constraint of evil�察�and 

acts in bondage under external control。 ��81�� So that this commandment of 

God to Adam comprehends the whole Divine natural law�察�and absolutely 



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agrees   with   the   dictates   of   the   light   of   nature�察  �nay�察  �it   would   be   easy   to 

explain on this basis the whole history or allegory of the first man。 ��82�� 

But I prefer to pass over the subject in silence�察�because�察�in the first place�察�I 

cannot be absolutely certain that my explanation would be in accordance 

with the intention of the sacred writer�察�and�察�secondly�察�because many do not 

admit     that   this  history    is  an   allegory�察  �maintaining      it  to  be   a  simple 

narrative of facts。 ��83�� It will be better�察�therefore�察�to adduce other passages 

of Scripture�察�especially such as were written by him�察�who speaks with all 

the   strength   of   his   natural   understanding�察  �in   which   he   surpassed   all   his 

contemporaries�察�and whose sayings are accepted by the people as of equal 

weight with those of the prophets。 ��84�� I mean Solomon�察�whose prudence 

and wisdom are commended in Scripture rather than his piety and gift of 

prophecy。 ��85�� Life being taken to mean the true life ��as is evident from 

Deut。 xxx��19���察�the fruit of the understanding consists only in the true life�察�

and   its   absence   constitutes   punishment。   ��86��   All   this   absolutely   agrees 

with   what   was   set   out   in   our   fourth   point   concerning   natural   law。   ��87�� 

Moreover       our   position    that   it  is  the  well´spring     of  life�察 �and   that   the 

intellect alone lays down laws for the wise�察�is plainly taught by�察�the sage�察�

for he says ��Prov。 xiii14���此 �The law of the wise is a fountain of life ; ´ that 

is�察�as we gather from the preceding text�察�the understanding。 ��88�� In chap。 

iii��13�察�he expressly teaches that the understanding renders man blessed and 

happy�察�and gives him true peace of mind。 ;Happy is the man that findeth 

wisdom�察      �and   the  man    that   getteth   understanding�察─      �for  ;Wisdom   gives 

length of days�察�and riches and honour�察�her ways are ways of pleasantness�察�

and all her paths peace; ��xiiii6�察�17��。 ��89�� According to Solomon�察�therefore�察�

it is only�察�the wise who live in peace and equanimity�察�not like the wicked 

whose   minds   drift   hither   and   thither�察  �an
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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