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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及18何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
it is only�察�the wise who live in peace and equanimity�察�not like the wicked
whose minds drift hither and thither�察 �and ��as Isaiah says�察 �chap。 Ivii��20��
;are like the troubled sea�察�for them there is no peace。;
��90�� Lastly�察 �we should especially note the passage in chap。 ii。 of
Solomon's proverbs which most clearly confirms our contention�此 �If thou
criest after knowledge�察�and liftest up thy voice for understanding 。 。 。 then
shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord�察�and find the knowledge of God�察�
for the Lord giveth wisdom�察 �out of His mouth cometh knowledge and
understanding。; ��91�� These words clearly enunciate ��1���察 �that wisdom or
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intellect alone teaches us to fear God wisely ´ that is�察�to worship Him truly�察�
��2���察 �that wisdom and knowledge flow from God's mouth�察 �and that God
bestows on us this gift�察 �this we have already shown in proving that our
understanding and our knowledge depend on�察 �spring from�察 �and are
perfected by the idea or knowledge of God�察 �and nothing else。 ��92��
Solomon goes on to say in so many words that this knowledge contains
and involves the true principles of ethics and politics�此 �When wisdom
entereth into thy heart�察�and knowledge is pleasant to thy soul�察�discretion
shall preserve thee�察 �understanding shall keep thee�察 �then shalt thou
understand righteousness�察�and judgment�察�and equity�察�yea every good path。;
��93�� All of which is in obvious agreement with natural knowledge�此 �for
after we have come to the understanding of things�察 �and have tasted the
excellence of knowledge�察�she teaches us ethics and true virtue。
��94�� Thus the happiness and the peace of him who cultivates his
natural understanding lies�察�according to Solomon also�察�not so much under
the dominion of fortune ��or God's external aid�� as in inward personal
virtue ��or God's internal aid���察 �for the latter can to a great extent be
preserved by vigilance�察�right action�察�and thought。
��95�� Lastly�察 �we must by no means pass over the passage in Paul's
Epistle to the Romans�察�i��20�察�in which he says�此 �For the invisible things of
God from the creation of the world are clearly seen�察�being understood by
the things that are made�察�even His eternal power and Godhead�察�so that they
are without excuse�察�because�察�when they knew God�察�they glorified Him not
as God�察�neither were they thankful。; ��96�� These words clearly show that
everyone can by the light of nature clearly understand the goodness and
the eternal divinity of God�察 �and can thence know and deduce what they
should seek for and what avoid�察�wherefore the Apostle says that they are
without excuse and cannot plead ignorance�察 �as they certainly might if it
were a question of supernatural light and the incarnation�察 �passion�察 �and
resurrection of Christ。 ��97�� ;Wherefore�察─�he goes on to say ��ib。 24���察 �God
gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts�察─�and so
on�察�through the rest of the chapter�察�he describes the vices of ignorance�察�and
sets them forth as the punishment of ignorance。 ��98�� This obviously agrees
with the verse of Solomon�察 �already quoted�察 �The instruction of fools is
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folly�察─�so that it is easy to understand why Paul says that the wicked are
without excuse。 ��99�� As every man sows so shall he reap�此�out of evil�察�evils
necessarily spring�察�unless they be wisely counteracted。
��100�� Thus we see that Scripture literally approves of the light of
natural reason and the natural Divine law�察�and I have fulfilled the promises
made at the beginning of this chapter。
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CHAPTER V。 ´ OF THE
CEREMONIAL LAW。
��1�� In the foregoing chapter we have shown that the Divine law�察�which
renders men truly blessed�察�and teaches them the true life�察�is universal to all
men�察�nay�察�we have so intimately deduced it from human nature that it must
be esteemed innate�察�and�察�as it were�察�ingrained in the human mind。
��2�� But with regard to the ceremonial observances which were
ordained in the Old Testament for the Hebrews only�察�and were so adapted
to their state that they could for the most part only be observed by the
society as a whole and not by each individual�察 �it is evident that they
formed no part of the Divine law�察�and had nothing to do with blessedness
and virtue�察�but had reference only to the election of the Hebrews�察�that is
��as I have shown in Chap。 II。���察�to their temporal bodily happiness and the
tranquillity of their kingdom�察�and that therefore they were only valid while
that kingdom lasted。 ��3�� If in the Old Testament they are spoken of as the
law of God�察�it is only because they were founded on revelation�察�or a basis
of revelation。 ��4�� Still as reason�察 �however sound�察 �has little weight with
ordinary theologians�察 �I will adduce the authority of Scripture for what I
here assert�察�and will further show�察�for the sake of greater clearness�察�why
and how these ceremonials served to establish and preserve the Jewish
kingdom。 ��5�� Isaiah teaches most plainly that the Divine law in its strict
sense signifies that universal law which consists in a true manner of life�察�
and does not signify ceremonial observances。 ��6�� In chapter i��10�察 �the
prophet calls on his countrymen to hearken to the Divine law as he
delivers it�察�and first excluding all kinds of sacrifices and all feasts�察�he at
length sums up the law in these few words�察 �Cease to do evil�察�learn to do
well�此 �seek judgment�察 �relieve the oppressed。; ��7�� Not less striking
testimony is given in Psalm xl��7´ 9�察 �where the Psalmist addresses God�此�
;Sacrifice and offering Thou didst not desire�察�mine ears hast Thou opened�察�
burnt offering and sin´offering hast Thou not required�察�I delight to do Thy
will�察�0 my God�察�yea�察�Thy law is within my heart。; ��8�� Here the Psalmist
reckons as the law of God only that which is inscribed in his heart�察�and
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excludes ceremonies therefrom�察�for the latter are good and inscribed on the
heart only from the fact of their institution�察 �and not because of their
intrinsic value。
��9�� Other passages of Scripture testify to the same truth�察�but these two
will suffice。 ��10�� We may also learn from the Bible that ceremonies are no
aid to blessedness�察�but only have reference to the temporal prosperity of
the kingdom�察 �for the rewards promised for their observance are merely
temporal advantages and delights�察 �blessedness being reserved for the
universal Divine law。 ��11�� In all the five books commonly attributed to
Moses nothing is promised�察�as I have said�察�beyond temporal benefits�察�such
as honours�察�fame�察�victories�察�riches�察 �enjoyments�察�and health。 ��12�� Though
many moral precepts besides ceremonies are contained in these five books�察�
they appear not as moral doctrines universal to all men�察�but as commands
especially adapted to the understanding and character of the Hebrew
people�察�and as having reference only to the welfare of the kingdom。 ��13��
For instance�察�Moses does not teach the Jews as a prophet not to kill or to
steal�察�but gives these commandments solely as a lawgiver and judge�察�he
does not reason out the doctrine�察 �but affixes for its non´observance a
penalty which may and very properly does vary in different nations。 ��14��
So�察 �too�察 �the command not to commit adultery is given merely with
reference to the welfare of the state�察 �for if the moral doctrine had been
intended�察�with reference not only to the welfare of the state�察�but also to the
tranquillity and blessedness of the individual�察 �Moses would have
condemned not merely the outward act�察�but also the mental acquiescence�察�
as is done by Christ�察�Who taught only universal moral precepts�察�and for
this cause promises a spiritual instead of a temporal reward。 ��15�� Christ�察�as
I have said�察�was sent into the world�察 �not to preserve the state nor to lay
down laws�察�but solely to teach the universal moral law�察�so we can easily
understand that He wished in nowise to do away with the law of Moses�察�
inasmuch as He introduced no new laws of His own ´ His sole care was to
teach moral doctrines�察�and distinguish them from the laws of the state�察�for
the Pharisees�察�in their ignorance�察�thought that the observance of the state
law and the Mosaic law was the sum total of morality�察�whereas such laws
merely had reference to the public welfare�察 �and aimed not so much at
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instructing the Jews as at keeping them under constraint。
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