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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及18何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



it is only�察�the wise who live in peace and equanimity�察�not like the wicked 

whose   minds   drift   hither   and   thither�察  �and   ��as   Isaiah   says�察  �chap。   Ivii��20�� 

;are like the troubled sea�察�for them there is no peace。; 

     ��90��    Lastly�察  �we   should     especially   note    the   passage    in   chap。   ii。  of 

Solomon's proverbs which most clearly confirms our contention�此 �If thou 

criest after knowledge�察�and liftest up thy voice for understanding 。 。 。 then 

shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord�察�and find the knowledge of God�察�

for   the   Lord   giveth   wisdom�察  �out   of   His   mouth   cometh   knowledge   and 

understanding。;   ��91��   These   words   clearly   enunciate   ��1���察  �that   wisdom   or 



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intellect alone teaches us to fear God wisely ´ that is�察�to worship Him truly�察�

��2���察  �that   wisdom   and   knowledge   flow   from   God's   mouth�察  �and   that   God 

bestows on   us this   gift�察  �this   we   have   already  shown   in proving   that   our 

understanding        and   our    knowledge      depend      on�察 �spring    from�察   �and    are 

perfected      by   the  idea   or   knowledge      of   God�察   �and   nothing     else。  ��92�� 

Solomon goes on to say in so many  words that this knowledge contains 

and   involves   the   true   principles   of   ethics   and   politics�此   �When   wisdom 

entereth into thy heart�察�and knowledge is pleasant to thy soul�察�discretion 

shall    preserve     thee�察  �understanding       shall   keep    thee�察   �then   shalt   thou 

understand righteousness�察�and judgment�察�and equity�察�yea every good path。; 

��93�� All   of   which   is   in   obvious   agreement   with   natural   knowledge�此  �for 

after   we   have   come   to   the   understanding   of   things�察  �and   have   tasted   the 

excellence of knowledge�察�she teaches us ethics and true virtue。 

     ��94��   Thus     the  happiness     and   the   peace    of  him   who    cultivates    his 

natural understanding lies�察�according to Solomon also�察�not so much under 

the   dominion   of   fortune   ��or   God's   external   aid��   as   in   inward   personal 

virtue    ��or  God's    internal    aid���察 �for  the   latter  can   to  a  great   extent    be 

preserved by vigilance�察�right action�察�and thought。 

     ��95��   Lastly�察  �we   must   by   no   means   pass   over   the   passage   in   Paul's 

Epistle to the Romans�察�i��20�察�in which he says�此 �For the invisible things of 

God from the creation of the world are clearly seen�察�being understood by 

the things that are made�察�even His eternal power and Godhead�察�so that they 

are without excuse�察�because�察�when they knew God�察�they glorified Him not 

as God�察�neither were they thankful。; ��96�� These words clearly show that 

everyone can by the light of nature clearly understand the goodness and 

the eternal   divinity  of   God�察  �and can thence   know   and   deduce   what they 

should seek for and what avoid�察�wherefore the Apostle says that they are 

without excuse   and   cannot   plead ignorance�察 �as   they  certainly  might   if   it 

were   a   question   of   supernatural   light   and   the   incarnation�察  �passion�察  �and 

resurrection of Christ。 ��97�� ;Wherefore�察─�he goes on to say ��ib。 24���察 �God 

gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts�察─�and so 

on�察�through the rest of the chapter�察�he describes the vices of ignorance�察�and 

sets them forth as the punishment of ignorance。 ��98�� This obviously agrees 

with   the   verse   of   Solomon�察  �already   quoted�察   �The   instruction   of   fools   is 



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folly�察─�so that it is easy to understand why Paul says that the wicked are 

without excuse。 ��99�� As every man sows so shall he reap�此�out of evil�察�evils 

necessarily spring�察�unless they be wisely counteracted。 

     ��100��   Thus   we   see   that   Scripture   literally   approves   of   the   light   of 

natural reason and the natural Divine law�察�and I have fulfilled the promises 

made at the beginning of this chapter。 



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                   CHAPTER V。 ´ OF THE 

                   CEREMONIAL LAW。 



     ��1�� In the foregoing chapter we have shown that the Divine law�察�which 

renders men truly blessed�察�and teaches them the true life�察�is universal to all 

men�察�nay�察�we have so intimately deduced it from human nature that it must 

be esteemed innate�察�and�察�as it were�察�ingrained in the human mind。 

     ��2��   But    with   regard    to  the   ceremonial      observances      which    were 

ordained in the Old Testament for the Hebrews only�察�and were so adapted 

to   their   state   that   they   could   for   the   most   part   only   be   observed   by   the 

society   as   a   whole   and   not   by   each   individual�察  �it   is   evident   that   they 

formed no part of the Divine law�察�and had nothing to do with blessedness 

and virtue�察�but had reference only to the election of the Hebrews�察�that is 

��as I have shown in Chap。 II。���察�to their temporal bodily happiness and the 

tranquillity of their kingdom�察�and that therefore they were only valid while 

that kingdom lasted。 ��3�� If in the Old Testament they are spoken of as the 

law of God�察�it is only because they were founded on revelation�察�or a basis 

of   revelation。   ��4��   Still   as   reason�察  �however   sound�察  �has   little   weight   with 

ordinary  theologians�察  �I   will   adduce  the   authority  of   Scripture   for   what   I 

here assert�察�and will further show�察�for the sake of greater clearness�察�why 

and   how   these   ceremonials   served   to   establish   and   preserve   the   Jewish 

kingdom。 ��5�� Isaiah teaches most plainly that the Divine law in its strict 

sense signifies that universal law which consists in a true manner of life�察�

and    does   not   signify   ceremonial     observances。     ��6��  In  chapter    i��10�察 �the 

prophet     calls  on   his  countrymen      to  hearken    to  the   Divine    law   as  he 

delivers it�察�and first excluding all kinds of sacrifices and all feasts�察�he at 

length sums up the law in these few words�察 �Cease to do evil�察�learn to do 

well�此   �seek    judgment�察    �relieve    the   oppressed。;     ��7��   Not    less  striking 

testimony   is   given   in   Psalm   xl��7´   9�察  �where   the   Psalmist   addresses   God�此�

;Sacrifice and offering Thou didst not desire�察�mine ears hast Thou opened�察�

burnt offering and sin´offering hast Thou not required�察�I delight to do Thy 

will�察�0 my God�察�yea�察�Thy law is within my heart。; ��8�� Here the Psalmist 

reckons as the law of God only that which is inscribed in his heart�察�and 



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excludes ceremonies therefrom�察�for the latter are good and inscribed on the 

heart   only   from   the   fact   of  their   institution�察  �and   not   because   of   their 

intrinsic value。 

     ��9�� Other passages of Scripture testify to the same truth�察�but these two 

will suffice。 ��10�� We may also learn from the Bible that ceremonies are no 

aid to blessedness�察�but only have reference to the temporal prosperity of 

the   kingdom�察  �for   the   rewards   promised   for   their   observance   are   merely 

temporal      advantages      and   delights�察  �blessedness      being   reserved     for  the 

universal   Divine   law。   ��11��   In   all   the   five   books   commonly   attributed   to 

Moses nothing is promised�察�as I have said�察�beyond temporal benefits�察�such 

as honours�察�fame�察�victories�察�riches�察 �enjoyments�察�and health。 ��12�� Though 

many moral precepts besides ceremonies are contained in these five books�察�

they appear not as moral doctrines universal to all men�察�but as commands 

especially     adapted     to  the  understanding       and   character    of   the  Hebrew 

people�察�and as having reference only to the welfare of the kingdom。 ��13�� 

For instance�察�Moses does not teach the Jews as a prophet not to kill or to 

steal�察�but gives these commandments solely as a lawgiver and judge�察�he 

does   not   reason   out   the   doctrine�察  �but   affixes   for   its   non´observance   a 

penalty which may and very properly does vary in different nations。 ��14�� 

So�察   �too�察  �the  command       not   to  commit     adultery    is  given    merely    with 

reference   to   the   welfare   of   the   state�察  �for   if   the   moral   doctrine   had   been 

intended�察�with reference not only to the welfare of the state�察�but also to the 

tranquillity     and    blessedness      of   the   individual�察    �Moses      would     have 

condemned not merely the outward act�察�but also the mental acquiescence�察�

as is done by Christ�察�Who   taught only universal moral precepts�察�and   for 

this cause promises a spiritual instead of a temporal reward。 ��15�� Christ�察�as 

I have said�察�was sent into the world�察 �not to preserve the state nor to  lay 

down laws�察�but solely to teach the universal moral law�察�so we can easily 

understand that He wished in nowise to do away with the law of Moses�察�

inasmuch as He introduced no new laws of His own ´ His sole care was to 

teach moral doctrines�察�and distinguish them from the laws of the state�察�for 

the Pharisees�察�in their ignorance�察�thought that the observance of the state 

law and the Mosaic law was the sum total of morality�察�whereas such laws 

merely   had   reference   to   the   public   welfare�察  �and   aimed   not   so   much   at 



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instructing the Jews as at keeping them under constraint。 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��