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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及2何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



and charity to all men�察�should quarrel with such rancorous animosity�察�and 

display daily towards one another such bitter hatred�察�that this�察�rather than 

the virtues they claim�察�is the readiest criterion of their faith。 ��24�� Matters 

have long since come to such a pass�察�that one can only pronounce a man 

Christian�察�Turk�察�Jew�察�or Heathen�察�by his general appearance and attire�察�by 

his frequenting this or that place of worship�察�or employing the phraseology 

of a particular sect ´ as for manner of life�察�it is in all cases the same。 ��25�� 

Inquiry into the cause of this anomaly leads me unhesitatingly to ascribe it 

to the fact�察�that the ministries of the Church are regarded by the masses 

merely as dignities�察�her offices as posts of emolument ´ in short�察�popular 

religion may be summed up as respect for ecclesiastics。 ��26�� The spread of 

this misconception inflamed every worthless fellow with an intense desire 

to   enter    holy   orders�察   �and   thus   the   love   of   diffusing    God's    religion 

degenerated into sordid avarice and ambition。 ��27�� Every church became a 

theatre�察�where orators�察�instead of church teachers�察�harangued�察�caring not to 

instruct the people�察�but striving to attract admiration�察�to bring opponents to 

public scorn�察�and to preach only novelties and paradoxes�察�such as would 

tickle the ears of their congregation。 ��28�� This state of things necessarily 

stirred up an amount of controversy�察�envy�察�and hatred�察�which no lapse of 

time could appease�察�so that we can scarcely wonder that of the old religion 

nothing survives   but   its   outward   forms   ��even these�察  �in   the   mouth   of   the 

multitude�察  �seem   rather   adulation   than   adoration   of   the   Deity���察  �and   that 

faith   has   become   a   mere   compound   of   credulity   and   prejudices   ´   aye�察�



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prejudices   too�察  �which   degrade   man   from   rational   being   to   beast�察  �which 

completely   stifle   the   power   of   judgment   between   true   and   false�察  �which 

seem�察�in fact�察�carefully fostered for the purpose of extinguishing the last 

spark of reason� 。�29�� Piety�察�great God� �and religion are become a tissue of 

ridiculous mysteries�察�men�察�who flatly despise reason�察�who reject and turn 

away   from   understanding   as   naturally   corrupt�察  �these�察  �I   say�察  �these   of   all 

men�察�are thought�察�0 lie most horrible� �to possess light from on High。 ��30�� 

Verily�察 �if   they  had   but   one spark   of   light   from  on   High�察 �they  would   not 

insolently rave�察�but would learn to worship God more wisely�察�and would 

be as marked among their fellows for mercy as they now are for malice�察�if 

they  were   concerned   for  their   opponents'   souls�察  �instead   of   for  their  own 

reputations�察�they  would no   longer   fiercely  persecute�察�but   rather   be   filled 

with pity and compassion。 

     ��31��   Furthermore�察  �if   any  Divine   light   were   in   them�察  �it   would   appear 

from their doctrine。 ��32�� I grant that they are never tired of professing their 

wonder at the profound mysteries of Holy Writ�察�still I cannot discover that 

they   teach   anything   but   speculations   of   Platonists   and   Aristotelians�察  �to 

which ��in order to save their credit for Christianity�� they have made Holy 

Writ conform�察�not content to rave with the Greeks themselves�察�they want 

to make the prophets rave also�察�showing conclusively�察�that never even in 

sleep   have   they  caught   a   glimpse   of   Scripture's   Divine   nature。   ��33��   The 

very vehemence of their admiration for the mysteries plainly attests�察�that 

their belief in the Bible is a formal assent rather than a living faith�此�and the 

fact   is   made   still   more   apparent   by   their   laying   down   beforehand�察  �as   a 

foundation for the study and true interpretation of Scripture�察�the principle 

that it is in every passage true and divine。 ��34�� Such a doctrine should be 

reached      only   after  strict  scrutiny    and   thorough      comprehension        of  the 

Sacred Books ��which would teach it much better�察�for they stand in need no 

human factions���察�and not be set up on the threshold�察�as it were�察�of inquiry。 

     ��35�� As I pondered over the facts that the light of reason is not only 

despised�察�but by many even execrated as a source of impiety�察�that human 

commentaries are accepted as divine records�察�and that credulity is extolled 

as   faith�察  �as   I   marked   the   fierce   controversies   of   philosophers   raging   in 

Church   and   State�察  �the   source   of   bitter   hatred   and   dissension�察  �the   ready 



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instruments       of   sedition    and   other    ills  innumerable�察     �I  determined      to 

examine   the   Bible   afresh   in   a   careful�察  �impartial�察  �and   unfettered   spirit�察�

making   no   assumptions   concerning   it�察  �and   attributing   to   it   no   doctrines�察�

which I do not find clearly therein set down。 ��36�� With these precautions I 

constructed       a  method     of   Scriptural    interpretation�察    �and   thus   equipped 

proceeded   to   inquire   ´   what   is   prophecy�拭  。�37��   In   what   sense   did   God 

reveal himself to the prophets�察�and why were these particular men ´ chosen 

by him�拭。�38�� Was it on account of the sublimity of their thoughts about the 

Deity  and   nature�察�or   was   it solely  on   account   of   their piety�拭  。�39�� These 

questions being answered�察�I was easily able to conclude�察�that the authority 

of   the   prophets   has   weight   only   in   matters   of   morality�察  �and   that   their 

speculative doctrines affect us little。 

     ��40��   Next     I  inquired�察  �why   the   Hebrews      were    called   God's    chosen 

people�察�and discovering that it was only because God had chosen for them 

a certain strip of territory�察�where they might live peaceably and at ease�察�I 

learnt that the Law revealed by God to Moses was merely the law of the 

individual      Hebrew      state�察 �therefore     that  it  was    binding     on   none    but 

Hebrews�察�and not even on Hebrews after the downfall of their nation。 ��41�� 

Further�察    �in   order   to   ascertain�察   �whether     it  could    be   concluded      from 

Scripture�察  �that   the   human   understanding   standing   is   naturally   corrupt�察  �I 

inquired whether the Universal Religion�察�the Divine Law revealed through 

the   Prophets   and   Apostles   to   the   whole   human   race�察  �differs   from   that 

which is taught by the light of natural reason�察�whether miracles can take 

place in violation of the laws of nature�察�and if so�察�whether they imply the 

existence      of   God     more    surely    and    clearly    than   events�察   �which     we 

understand plainly and distinctly through their immediate natural causes。 

     ��42�� Now�察�as in the whole course of my investigation I found nothing 

taught      expressly     by    Scripture�察     �which     does     not    agree    with     our 

understanding�察       �or  which    is  repugnant      thereto�察  �and   as   I  saw   that   the 

prophets taught nothing�察�which is not very simple and easily to be grasped 

by    all�察 �and   further�察  �that  they   clothed    their   leaching    in  the   style�察 �and 

confirmed it with the reasons�察�which would most deeply move the mind of 

the masses to devotion towards God�察�I became thoroughly convinced�察�that 

the Bible leaves reason absolutely free�察�that it has nothing in common with 



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philosophy�察  �in   fact�察    �that   Revelation    and    Philosophy   stand   on      different 

footings。   In   order   to   set   this   forth   categorically   and   exhaust   the   whole 

question�察�I point out the way in which the Bible should be interpreted�察�and 

show that all of spiritual questions should be sought from it alone�察�and not 

from the objects of ordinary knowledge。 ��43�� Thence I pass on to indicate 

the false notions�察�which have from the fact that the multitude ´ ever prone 

to   superstition�察  �and   caring   more   for   the   shreds   of   antiquity   for   eternal 

truths ´ pays homage to the Books of the Bible�察�rather than to the Word of 

God。 ��44�� I show that the Word of God has not been revealed as a certain 

number   of books�察  �was displayed   to   the   prophets   as   a simple   idea   of   the 

mind�察�namely�察�obedience to God in singleness of heart�察�and in the practice 

of justice and charity�察�and I further point out�察�that this doctrine is set forth 

in Scripture in accordance with the opinions and understandings of those�察�

among   whom   the Apostles   and   Prophets   preached�察  �to   the   end   that   men 

might receive it willingly�察�and with their whole heart。 

     ��45�� Having thus laid bare the bases of belief�察�I draw the conclusion 

that Revelation has obedience for its sole object�察�therefore�察�in purpose no 

less   than   in   foundation   and   method�察  �stands   entirely   aloof   from   ordinary 

knowledge�察       �each   has   its  separate    province�察    �neither    can   be   called   the 

handmaid of the other。 

     ��46��   Furthermore�察 �as   men's   habits of   mind   differ�察 �so   that some   more 

readily embrace one form of faith�察�some another�察�for what moves one to 

pray may move another only to scoff�察�I conclude�察�in accordance with what 

has gone   before�察 �that   everyone   should   be   free  to   choose   for   himself   the 

foundations of his creed�察�and that faith should be judged only by its fruits�察�

each   would   then   obey   God   freely   with   his   whole   heart�察  �while   nothing 

would be publicly honoured save justice an
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��