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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及2何蛍
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and charity to all men�察�should quarrel with such rancorous animosity�察�and
display daily towards one another such bitter hatred�察�that this�察�rather than
the virtues they claim�察�is the readiest criterion of their faith。 ��24�� Matters
have long since come to such a pass�察�that one can only pronounce a man
Christian�察�Turk�察�Jew�察�or Heathen�察�by his general appearance and attire�察�by
his frequenting this or that place of worship�察�or employing the phraseology
of a particular sect ´ as for manner of life�察�it is in all cases the same。 ��25��
Inquiry into the cause of this anomaly leads me unhesitatingly to ascribe it
to the fact�察�that the ministries of the Church are regarded by the masses
merely as dignities�察�her offices as posts of emolument ´ in short�察�popular
religion may be summed up as respect for ecclesiastics。 ��26�� The spread of
this misconception inflamed every worthless fellow with an intense desire
to enter holy orders�察 �and thus the love of diffusing God's religion
degenerated into sordid avarice and ambition。 ��27�� Every church became a
theatre�察�where orators�察�instead of church teachers�察�harangued�察�caring not to
instruct the people�察�but striving to attract admiration�察�to bring opponents to
public scorn�察�and to preach only novelties and paradoxes�察�such as would
tickle the ears of their congregation。 ��28�� This state of things necessarily
stirred up an amount of controversy�察�envy�察�and hatred�察�which no lapse of
time could appease�察�so that we can scarcely wonder that of the old religion
nothing survives but its outward forms ��even these�察 �in the mouth of the
multitude�察 �seem rather adulation than adoration of the Deity���察 �and that
faith has become a mere compound of credulity and prejudices ´ aye�察�
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prejudices too�察 �which degrade man from rational being to beast�察 �which
completely stifle the power of judgment between true and false�察 �which
seem�察�in fact�察�carefully fostered for the purpose of extinguishing the last
spark of reason� 。�29�� Piety�察�great God� �and religion are become a tissue of
ridiculous mysteries�察�men�察�who flatly despise reason�察�who reject and turn
away from understanding as naturally corrupt�察 �these�察 �I say�察 �these of all
men�察�are thought�察�0 lie most horrible� �to possess light from on High。 ��30��
Verily�察 �if they had but one spark of light from on High�察 �they would not
insolently rave�察�but would learn to worship God more wisely�察�and would
be as marked among their fellows for mercy as they now are for malice�察�if
they were concerned for their opponents' souls�察 �instead of for their own
reputations�察�they would no longer fiercely persecute�察�but rather be filled
with pity and compassion。
��31�� Furthermore�察 �if any Divine light were in them�察 �it would appear
from their doctrine。 ��32�� I grant that they are never tired of professing their
wonder at the profound mysteries of Holy Writ�察�still I cannot discover that
they teach anything but speculations of Platonists and Aristotelians�察 �to
which ��in order to save their credit for Christianity�� they have made Holy
Writ conform�察�not content to rave with the Greeks themselves�察�they want
to make the prophets rave also�察�showing conclusively�察�that never even in
sleep have they caught a glimpse of Scripture's Divine nature。 ��33�� The
very vehemence of their admiration for the mysteries plainly attests�察�that
their belief in the Bible is a formal assent rather than a living faith�此�and the
fact is made still more apparent by their laying down beforehand�察 �as a
foundation for the study and true interpretation of Scripture�察�the principle
that it is in every passage true and divine。 ��34�� Such a doctrine should be
reached only after strict scrutiny and thorough comprehension of the
Sacred Books ��which would teach it much better�察�for they stand in need no
human factions���察�and not be set up on the threshold�察�as it were�察�of inquiry。
��35�� As I pondered over the facts that the light of reason is not only
despised�察�but by many even execrated as a source of impiety�察�that human
commentaries are accepted as divine records�察�and that credulity is extolled
as faith�察 �as I marked the fierce controversies of philosophers raging in
Church and State�察 �the source of bitter hatred and dissension�察 �the ready
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instruments of sedition and other ills innumerable�察 �I determined to
examine the Bible afresh in a careful�察 �impartial�察 �and unfettered spirit�察�
making no assumptions concerning it�察 �and attributing to it no doctrines�察�
which I do not find clearly therein set down。 ��36�� With these precautions I
constructed a method of Scriptural interpretation�察 �and thus equipped
proceeded to inquire ´ what is prophecy�拭 。�37�� In what sense did God
reveal himself to the prophets�察�and why were these particular men ´ chosen
by him�拭。�38�� Was it on account of the sublimity of their thoughts about the
Deity and nature�察�or was it solely on account of their piety�拭 。�39�� These
questions being answered�察�I was easily able to conclude�察�that the authority
of the prophets has weight only in matters of morality�察 �and that their
speculative doctrines affect us little。
��40�� Next I inquired�察 �why the Hebrews were called God's chosen
people�察�and discovering that it was only because God had chosen for them
a certain strip of territory�察�where they might live peaceably and at ease�察�I
learnt that the Law revealed by God to Moses was merely the law of the
individual Hebrew state�察 �therefore that it was binding on none but
Hebrews�察�and not even on Hebrews after the downfall of their nation。 ��41��
Further�察 �in order to ascertain�察 �whether it could be concluded from
Scripture�察 �that the human understanding standing is naturally corrupt�察 �I
inquired whether the Universal Religion�察�the Divine Law revealed through
the Prophets and Apostles to the whole human race�察 �differs from that
which is taught by the light of natural reason�察�whether miracles can take
place in violation of the laws of nature�察�and if so�察�whether they imply the
existence of God more surely and clearly than events�察 �which we
understand plainly and distinctly through their immediate natural causes。
��42�� Now�察�as in the whole course of my investigation I found nothing
taught expressly by Scripture�察 �which does not agree with our
understanding�察 �or which is repugnant thereto�察 �and as I saw that the
prophets taught nothing�察�which is not very simple and easily to be grasped
by all�察 �and further�察 �that they clothed their leaching in the style�察 �and
confirmed it with the reasons�察�which would most deeply move the mind of
the masses to devotion towards God�察�I became thoroughly convinced�察�that
the Bible leaves reason absolutely free�察�that it has nothing in common with
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philosophy�察 �in fact�察 �that Revelation and Philosophy stand on different
footings。 In order to set this forth categorically and exhaust the whole
question�察�I point out the way in which the Bible should be interpreted�察�and
show that all of spiritual questions should be sought from it alone�察�and not
from the objects of ordinary knowledge。 ��43�� Thence I pass on to indicate
the false notions�察�which have from the fact that the multitude ´ ever prone
to superstition�察 �and caring more for the shreds of antiquity for eternal
truths ´ pays homage to the Books of the Bible�察�rather than to the Word of
God。 ��44�� I show that the Word of God has not been revealed as a certain
number of books�察 �was displayed to the prophets as a simple idea of the
mind�察�namely�察�obedience to God in singleness of heart�察�and in the practice
of justice and charity�察�and I further point out�察�that this doctrine is set forth
in Scripture in accordance with the opinions and understandings of those�察�
among whom the Apostles and Prophets preached�察 �to the end that men
might receive it willingly�察�and with their whole heart。
��45�� Having thus laid bare the bases of belief�察�I draw the conclusion
that Revelation has obedience for its sole object�察�therefore�察�in purpose no
less than in foundation and method�察 �stands entirely aloof from ordinary
knowledge�察 �each has its separate province�察 �neither can be called the
handmaid of the other。
��46�� Furthermore�察 �as men's habits of mind differ�察 �so that some more
readily embrace one form of faith�察�some another�察�for what moves one to
pray may move another only to scoff�察�I conclude�察�in accordance with what
has gone before�察 �that everyone should be free to choose for himself the
foundations of his creed�察�and that faith should be judged only by its fruits�察�
each would then obey God freely with his whole heart�察 �while nothing
would be publicly honoured save justice an
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