嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及3何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



each   would   then   obey   God   freely   with   his   whole   heart�察  �while   nothing 

would be publicly honoured save justice and charity。 

     ��47�� Having thus drawn attention to the liberty conceded to everyone 

by the revealed law of God�察�I pass on to another part of my subject�察�and 

prove that this same liberty can and should be accorded with safety to the 

state   and   the   magisterial   authority   ´   in   fact�察  �that   it   cannot   be   withheld 

without great danger to peace and detriment to the community。 

     ��48�� In order to establish my point�察�I start from the natural rights of the 

individual�察�which are co´extensive with his desires and power�察�and   from 



                                               9 


´ Page 10´

                                 A Theologico´Political Treatise 



the fact that no one is bound to live as another pleases�察�but is the guardian 

of his own liberty。 ��49�� I show that these rights can only be transferred to 

those   whom   we        depute   to    defend     us�察  �who    acquire   with     the   duties   of 

defence   the   power   of   ordering   our   lives�察  �and   I   thence   infer   that   rulers 

possess rights only limited by their power�察�that they are the sole guardians 

of justice and liberty�察�and that their subjects should act in all things as they 

dictate�此�nevertheless�察�since no one can so utterly abdicate his own power 

of   self´defence   as   to   cease   to   be   a   man�察  �I   conclude   that   no   one   can   be 

deprived of his natural rights absolutely�察�but that subjects�察�either by tacit 

agreement�察�or by social contract�察�retain a certain number�察�which cannot be 

taken from them without great danger to the state。 

     ��50�� From these considerations I pass on to the Hebrew State�察�which I 

describe   at   some   length�察�in   order to trace   the   manner   in   which   Religion 

acquired the force of law�察�and to touch on other noteworthy points。 ��51�� I 

then prove�察�that   the holders   of sovereign   power are the depositories and 

interpreters   of   religious   no   less   than   of   civil   ordinances�察  �and   that   they 

alone   have   the   right   to   decide   what   is   just   or   unjust�察  �pious   or   impious�察�

lastly�察  �I   conclude   by  showing�察 �that   they  best   retain   this   right   and   secure 

safety to their state by allowing every man to think what he likes�察�and say 

what he thinks。 

     ��52��   Such�察  �Philosophical   Reader�察  �are   the   questions   I   submit   to   your 

notice�察  �counting   on   your   approval�察  �for   the   subject   matter   of   the   whole 

book and of the several chapters is important and profitable。 ��53�� I would 

say more�察�but I do not want my preface to extend to a volume�察�especially 

as   I   know   that   its   leading   propositions   are   to   Philosophers   but   common 

places。 ��54�� To the rest of mankind I care not to commend my treatise�察�for 

I   cannot   expect   that   it   contains   anything   to   please   them�此  �I   know   how 

deeply rooted are the prejudices   embraced under the name   of religion�察  �I 

am   aware   that   in   the   mind   of   the   masses   superstition   is   no   less   deeply 

rooted   than   fear�察  �I  recognize  that their   constancy  is   mere  obstinacy�察  �and 

that   they   are   led   to   praise   or   blame   by   impulse   rather   than   reason。   ��55�� 

Therefore the multitude�察�and those of like passions with the multitude�察�I 

ask   not   to   read   my   book�察  �nay�察  �I   would   rather   that   they   should   utterly 

neglect it�察�than that they should misinterpret it after their wont。 ��56�� They 



                                                 10 


´ Page 11´

                               A Theologico´Political Treatise 



would   gain   no   good   themselves�察  �and   might   prove   a   stumbling´block   to 

others�察�whose philosophy is hampered by the belief that Reason is a mere 

handmaid to Theology�察�and whom I seek in this work especially to benefit。 

��57�� But as there will be many who have neither the leisure�察�nor�察�perhaps�察�

the inclination to read through all I have written�察�I feel bound here�察�as at 

the end of my treatise�察�to declare that I have written nothing�察�which I do 

not    most    willingly    submit     to  the   examination      and    judgment     of   my 

country's rulers�察�and that I am ready to retract anything�察�which they shall 

decide to be repugnant to the laws or prejudicial to the public good。 ��58�� I 

know   that   I   am  a   man   and�察  �as   a   man�察  �liable   to   error�察 �but   against   error   I 

have taken scrupulous care�察�and striven to keep in entire accordance with 

the laws of my country�察�with loyalty�察�and with morality。 



                                              11 


´ Page 12´

                              A Theologico´Political Treatise 



              CHAPTER I。 ´ Of Prophecy 



     ��1�� Prophecy�察�or revelation is sure knowledge revealed by God to man。 

��2�� A prophet   is   one  who interprets the  revelations   of   God   ��insights��  to 

those who are unable to attain to sure knowledge of the matters revealed�察�

and therefore can only apprehend them by simple faith。 

     ��3��   The    Hebrew      word     for  prophet     is  ;naw´vee';�察    �Strong��5030�察�

��Endnote   1�А  �i。e。   speaker   or   interpreter�察  �but   in   Scripture   its   meaning   is 

restricted to interpreter of God�察�as we may learn from Exodus vii��1�察�where 

God says to Moses�察 �See�察�I have made thee a god to Pharaoh�察�and Aaron 

thy   brother    shall  be  thy   prophet�察─   �implying    that�察 �since   in  interpreting 

Moses' words to Pharaoh�察�Aaron acted the part of a prophet�察�Moses would 

be to Pharaoh as a god�察�or in the attitude of a god。 

     ��4�� Prophets I will treat of in the next chapter�察�and at present consider 

prophecy。 

     ��5�� Now it is evident�察�from the definition above given�察�that prophecy 

really includes ordinary knowledge�察�for the knowledge which we acquire 

by   our   natural   faculties   depends   on   knowledge   of   God   and   His   eternal 

laws�察�but ordinary knowledge is common to all men as men�察�and rests on 

foundations   which   all   share�察  �whereas   the   multitude   always   strains   after 

rarities and exceptions�察�and thinks little of the gifts of nature�察�so that�察�when 

prophecy is talked of�察�ordinary knowledge is not supposed to be included。 

��6�� Nevertheless it has as much right as any other to be called Divine�察�for 

God's nature�察�in so far as we share therein�察�and God's laws�察�dictate it to us�察�

nor does it suffer from that to which we give the preeminence�察�except in so 

far as the latter transcends its limits and cannot be accounted for by natural 

laws taken in themselves。 ��7�� In respect to the certainty it involves�察�and the 

source from which it is derived�察�i。e。 God�察�ordinary�察�knowledge is no whit 

inferior to prophetic�察�unless indeed we believe�察�or rather dream�察�that the 

prophets had human bodies but superhuman minds�察�and therefore that their 

sensations and consciousness were entirely different from our own。 

     ��8�� But�察�although ordinary knowledge is Divine�察�its professors cannot 

be called prophets   ��Endnote 2�В察 �for  they teach   what the  rest   of  mankind 

could   perceive   and   apprehend�察 �not   merely  by  simple   faith�察�but   as   surely 



                                             12 


´ Page 13´

                               A Theologico´Political Treatise 



and honourably as themselves。 

     ��9��   Seeing    then   that   our   mind    subjectively    contains    in   itself  and 

partakes   of   the   nature   of   God�察  �and   solely   from   this   cause   is   enabled   to 

form   notions   explaining   natural   phenomena   and   inculcating   morality�察  �it 

follows that we may rightly assert the nature of the human mind ��in so far 

as it is thus conceived�� to be a primary cause of Divine revelation。 ��10�� All 

that we clearly and distinctly understand is dictated to us�察�as I have just 

pointed out�察�by the idea and nature of God�察�not indeed through words�察�but 

in a way far more excellent and agreeing perfectly with the nature of the 

mind�察�as all who have enjoyed intellectual certainty will doubtless attest。 

��11��    Here�察  �however�察    �my    chief   purpose    is  to  speak    of  matters   having 

reference   to   Scripture�察  �so   these   few   words   on   the   light   of   reason   will 

suffice。 

     ��12��  I  will   now  pass   on  to�察  �and treat   more  fully�察 �the  other  ways   and 

means   by  which   God   makes   revelations to   mankind�察  �both   of   that   which 

transcends ordinary knowledge�察�and of that within its scope�察�for there is no 

reason why God should not employ other means to communicate what we 

know already by the power of reason。 

     ��13��    Our   conclusions      on   the  subject    must    be  drawn     solely   from 

Scripture�察     �for  what     can   we    affirm    about    matters    transcending      our 

knowledge except what is told us by the words or writings of prophets�拭�

��14�� And since there are�察�so far as I know�察�no prophets now alive�察�we have 

no alternative but to read the books of prophets departed�察�taking care the 

while not to reason from metaphor or to ascribe anything to our authors 

which they do not themselves distinctly state。 ��15�� I must further premise 

that   the   Jews    never    make    any   mention     or   account    of  secondary�察    �or 

particular causes�察�but in a spirit of religion�察�piety�察�and what is commonly 

called godliness�察�refer all things directly to the Deity。 ��16�� For instance if 

they make money by a transaction�察�they say God gave it to them�察�if they 

desire anything�察�they say God has disposed their hearts towards it�察�if they 

think anything�察�they say God told them。 ��17�� Hence we must not suppose 

that everything is prophecy or revelation which is described in Scripture as
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��