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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



that everything is prophecy or revelation which is described in Scripture as 

told by God to anyone�察�but only such things as are expressly announced as 

prophecy or revelation�察�or are plainly pointed to as such by the context。 



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     ��18��    A   perusal    of  the   sacred   books     will  show     us  that   all  God's 

revelations to the prophets were made through words or appearances�察�or a 

combination of the   two。 ��19�� These   words and appearances   were of   two 

kinds�察�1。´ real when external to the mind of the prophet who heard or saw 

them�察  �2。´   imaginary   when   the   imagination   of   the   prophet   was   in   a   state 

which led him distinctly to suppose that he heard or saw them。 

     ��20��   With   a   real   voice   God   revealed   to   Moses   the   laws   which   He 

wished   to   be   transmitted   to   the   Hebrews�察  �as   we   may   see   from   Exodus 

xxv��22�察  �where   God   says�察   �And   there   I   will   meet   with   thee   and   I   will 

commune with thee from the mercy seat which is between the Cherubim。; 

��21��   Some   sort   of   real   voice   must   necessarily   have   been   employed�察  �for 

Moses found God ready to commune with him at any time。 This�察�as I shall 

shortly show�察�is the only instance of a real voice。 

     ��22�� We might�察�perhaps�察�suppose that the voice with which God called 

Samuel was real�察�for in 1 Sam。 iii��21�察�we read�察 �And the Lord appeared 

again in Shiloh�察�for the Lord revealed Himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the 

word of the Lord�察─�implying that the appearance of the Lord consisted in 

His   making   Himself   known   to   Samuel   through   a   voice�察  �in   other   words�察�

that   Samuel     heard    the   Lord   speaking。     ��23��   But   we   are   compelled     to 

distinguish between the prophecies of Moses and those of other prophets�察�

and   therefore   must   decide   that   this   voice   was   imaginary�察  �a   conclusion 

further   supported   by   the   voice's   resemblance   to   the   voice   of   Eli�察  �which 

Samuel was   in the habit of   hearing�察  �and therefore   might   easily  imagine�察�

when thrice called by the Lord�察�Samuel supposed it to have been Eli。 

     ��24�� The voice which Abimelech heard was imaginary�察�for it is written�察�

Gen。 xx��6�察 �And God said unto him in a dream。; ��25�� So that the will of 

God was manifest to him�察�not in waking�察�but only�察�in sleep�察�that is�察�when 

the   imagination   is   most   active   and   uncontrolled。   ��26��   Some   of   the   Jews 

believe that the actual words of the Decalogue were not spoken by God�察�

but that the Israelites heard a noise only�察�without any distinct words�察�and 

during     its  continuance      apprehended      the   Ten   Commandments          by   pure 

intuition�察�to this opinion I myself once inclined�察�seeing that the words of 

the Decalogue in Exodus are different from the words of the Decalogue in 

Deuteronomy�察�for the discrepancy seemed to imply ��since God only spoke 



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once�� that the Ten Commandments were not intended to convey the actual 

words of the Lord�察�but only His meaning。 ��27�� However�察�unless we would 

do violence to Scripture�察�we must certainly admit that the Israelites heard a 

real voice�察�for Scripture expressly says�察 �Deut。 v��4�察─�God spake with   you 

face   to   face�察─  �i。e。   as   two   men   ordinarily   interchange   ideas   through   the 

instrumentality of their two bodies�察�and therefore it seems more consonant 

with Holy Writ to suppose that God really did create a voice of some kind 

with which the Decalogue was revealed。 ��28�� The discrepancy of the two 

versions is treated of in Chap。 VIII。 

     ��29�� Yet not even thus is all difficulty removed�察�for it seems scarcely 

reasonable to affirm that a created thing�察�depending on God in the same 

manner  as   other   created   things�察  �would   be   able   to   express   or   explain   the 

nature of God either verbally or really by means of its individual organism�此�

for instance�察�by declaring in the first person�察 �I am the Lord your God。; 

     ��30�� Certainly when anyone says with his mouth�察 �I understand�察─�we 

do   not   attribute   the   understanding   to   the   mouth�察  �but   to   the   mind   of   the 

speaker�察  �yet   this   is   because   the   mouth   is   the   natural   organ   of   a   man 

speaking�察      �and    the    hearer�察   �knowing      what     understanding        is�察 �easily 

comprehends�察  �by   a   comparison   with   himself�察  �that   the   speaker's   mind   is 

meant�察�but if we knew nothing of God beyond the mere name and wished 

to commune with Him�察�and be assured of His existence�察�I fail to see how 

our    wish     would     be   satisfied   by    the   declaration     of  a   created    thing 

��depending on God neither more nor less than ourselves���察 �I am the Lord。; 

��31�� If God contorted the lips of Moses�察�or�察�I will not say Moses�察�but some 

beast�察   �till  they   pronounced       the   words�察    �I   am   the   Lord�察─    �should    we 

apprehend the Lord's existence therefrom�拭�

     ��32��   Scripture   seems   clearly   to   point   to   the   belief   that   God   spoke 

Himself�察�having descended from heaven to Mount Sinai for the purpose ´ 

and   not   only   that   the   Israelites   heard   Him   speaking�察  �but   that   their   chief 

men beheld Him ��Ex��xxiv。�� ��33�� Further the law of Moses�察�which might 

neither   be   added   to   nor   curtailed�察  �and   which   was   set   up   as   a   national 

standard of right�察�nowhere prescribed the belief that God is without body�察�

or   even   without   form   or   figure�察  �but   only   ordained   that   the   Jews   should 

believe in His existence and worship Him alone�此�it forbade them to invent 



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or fashion any likeness of the Deity�察�but this was to insure purity of service�察�

because�察�never having seen God�察�they could not by means of images recall 

the   likeness   of   God�察  �but   only   the   likeness   of   some   created   thing   which 

might thus gradually take the place of God as the object of their adoration。 

��34�� Nevertheless�察�the Bible clearly implies that God has a form�察�and that 

Moses when he heard God speaking was permitted to behold it�察�or at least 

its hinder parts。 

     ��35��   Doubtless   some   mystery   lurks   in   this   question   which   we   will 

discuss more fully below。 ��36�� For the present I will call attention to the 

passages in Scripture indicating the means by which God has revealed His 

laws to man。 

     ��37��    Revelation     may   be    through     figures   only�察  �as  in  I  Chron��xxii。�察�

where  God   displays   his   anger   to   David by  means   of   an   angel   bearing   a 

sword�察�and also in the story of Balaam。 

     ��38�� Maimonides and others do indeed maintain that these and every 

other   instance   of   angelic   apparitions   ��e。g。   to   Manoah   and   to   Abraham 

offering   up   Isaac��   occurred   during   sleep�察  �for   that   no   one   with   his   eyes 

open   ever   could   see   an   angel�察  �but   this   is   mere   nonsense。   ��39��   The   sole 

object     of   such   commentators        seems     to   be   to  extort   from     Scripture 

confirmations        of   Aristotelian     quibbles     and    their   own     inventions�察    �a 

proceeding which I regard as the acme of absurdity。 

     ��40�� In figures�察�not real but existing only in the prophet's imagination�察�

God revealed to Joseph his future lordship�察�and in words and figures He 

revealed to Joshua that He would fight for the Hebrews�察�causing to appear 

an angel�察�as it were the Captain of the Lord's host�察�bearing a sword�察�and by 

this   means     communicating         verbally。    ��41��   The    forsaking     of  Israel   by 

Providence was portrayed to Isaiah by a vision of the Lord�察�the thrice Holy�察�

sitting on a very lofty throne�察�and the Hebrews�察�stained with the mire of 

their   sins�察  �sunk   as   it   were   in   uncleanness�察  �and   thus   as   far   as   possible 

distant   from   God。   ��42��   The   wretchedness   of   the   people   at   the   time   was 

thus revealed�察�while future calamities were foretold in words。 I could cite 

from Holy Writ   many similar   examples�察�but   I think   they are   sufficiently 

well known already。 

     ��43�� However�察�we get a still more clear confirmation of our position in 



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Num xii��6��7�察�as follows�此 �If there be any prophet among you�察�I the Lord 

will make   myself   known unto   him  in   a   vision;   ��i。e。  by  appearances   and 

signs�察�for God says of the prophecy of Moses that it was a vision without 

signs���察 �and will speak unto him in a dream ; ��i。e。 not with actual words 

and an actual voice��。 ��44�� ;My servant Moses is not so�察�with him will I 

speak mouth to mouth�察�even apparently�察�and not in dark speeches�察�and the 

similitude of the Lord he shall behold�察─�i。e。 looking on me as a friend and 

not afraid�察�he speaks with me ��cf。 Ex xxxiii��17��。 

     ��45�� This makes it indisputable that the other prophets did not hear a 

real voice�察�and we gather as much from Deut。 xxiv��10�此 �And there arose 

not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses whom the Lord knew face to 

face�察─�which must mean that the Lord spoke with none other�察�for not even 

Moses      saw     the   Lord's    face。   ��46��   These     are   the   only    media     of 

communication between God and man which I find mentioned in Scripture�察�

and therefore the only ones which may be supposed or invented。 ��47�� W
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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