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three dialogues-及7何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


only being perceived by the senses。

     。 I presume then it was by reflexion and reason you
obtained

     the idea of it��

     。 I do not pretend to any proper positive  of it。
However�察�I conclude it exists�察�because qualities cannot be
conceived to exist without a support。

     。 It seems then you have only a relative  of
it�察�or that you conceive it not otherwise than by conceiving the
relation it bears to sensible qualities�拭。�198��

     。 Right。

     。 Be pleased therefore to let me know wherein that
relation

     consists。

     。 Is it not sufficiently expressed in the term
�察�or ��

     。 If so�察�the word  should import that it
is spread under the sensible qualities or accidents��

     。 True。

     。 And consequently under extension��

     。 I own it。

     。 It is therefore somewhat in its own nature entirely
distinct

     from extension��

     。 I tell you�察�extension is only a mode�察�and Matter is
something that supports modes。 And is it not evident the thing
supported is different from the thing supporting��

     。 So that something distinct from�察�and exclusive of��
extension is supposed to be the  of extension��

     。 Just so。

     。 Answer me�察�Hylas。 Can a thing be spread without
extension�拭�or is not the idea of extension necessarily included
in ��

     。 It is。

     。 Whatsoever therefore you suppose spread under
anything must have in itself an extension distinct from the
extension of that thing under which it is spread��

     。 It must。

     。 Consequently�察�every corporeal substance�察�being the
 of extension�察�must have in itself another extension��
by which it is qualified to be a �此�and so on to
infinity。 And I ask whether this be not absurd in itself�察�and
repugnant to what you granted just now�察�to wit�察�that the
 was something distinct from and exclusive of
extension��

     。 Aye but�察�Philonous�察�you take me wrong。 I do not mean
that Matter is  in a gross literal sense under extension。
The word  is used only to express in general the same
thing with 。

     。 Well then�察�let us examine the relation implied in
the term 。 Is it not that it stands under accidents��

     。 The very same。

     。 But�察�that one thing may stand under or support
another�察�must it not be extended��

     。 It must。 ��199��

     。 Is not therefore this supposition liable to the same
absurdity with the former��

     。 You still take things in a strict literal sense。 That
is not fair�察�Philonous。

     。 I am not for imposing any sense on your words�此�you
are at liberty to explain them as you please。 Only�察�I beseech
you�察�make me understand something by them。 You tell me Matter
supports or stands under accidents。 How� �is it as your legs
support your body��

     。 No�察�that is the literal sense。

     。 Pray let me know any sense�察�literal or not literal��
that you understand it in。  How long must I wait for an answer��
Hylas��

     。 I declare I know not what to say。 I once thought I
understood well enough what was meant by Matter's supporting
accidents。 But now�察�the more I think on it the less can I
comprehend it�此�in short I find that I know nothing of it。

     。 It seems then you have no idea at all�察�neither
relative nor positive�察�of Matter�察�you know neither what it is in
itself�察�nor what relation it bears to accidents��

     。 I acknowledge it。

     。 And yet you asserted that you could not conceive how
qualities or accidents should really exist�察�without conceiving at
the same time a material support of them��

     。 I did。

     。 That is to say�察�when you conceive the real existence
of qualities�察�you do withal conceive Something which you cannot
conceive��

     。 It was wrong�察�I own。 But still I fear there is some
fallacy or other。 Pray what think you of this�拭�It is just come
into my head that the ground of all our mistake lies in your
treating of each quality by itself。 Now�察�I grant that each
quality cannot singly subsist without the mind。 Colour cannot
without extension�察�neither can figure without some other sensible
quality。 But�察�as the several qualities united or blended together
form entire sensible things�察�nothing hinders why such things may
not be supposed to exist without the mind。

     。 Either�察�Hylas�察�you are jesting�察�or have a very bad
memory。 Though indeed we went through all the qualities by name
one after another�察�yet my arguments or rather your concessions��
nowhere tended to prove that the Secondary Qualities did not
subsist each alone by itself�察�but�察�that they were not ��200��  without the mind。 Indeed�察�in treating of figure and motion
we concluded they could not exist without the mind�察�because it
was impossible even in thought to separate them from all
secondary qualities�察�so as to conceive them existing by
themselves。 But then this was not the only argument made use of
upon that occasion。 But ��to pass by all that hath been hitherto
said�察�and reckon it for nothing�察�if you will have it so�� I am
content to put the whole upon this issue。 If you can conceive it
possible for any mixture or combination of qualities�察�or any
sensible object whatever�察�to exist without the mind�察�then I will
grant it actually to be so。

     。 If it comes to that the point will soon be decided。
What more easy than to conceive a tree or house existing by
itself�察�independent of�察�and unperceived by�察�any mind whatsoever��
I do at this present time conceive them existing after that
manner。

     。 How say you�察�Hylas�察�can you see a thing which is at
the same time unseen��

     。 No�察�that were a contradiction。

     。 Is it not as great a contradiction to talk of
 a thing which is ��

     。 It is。

     。 The�察�tree or house therefore which you think of is
conceived by you��

     。 How should it be otherwise��

     。 And what is conceived is surely in the mind��

     。 Without question�察�that which is conceived is in the
mind。

     。 How then came you to say�察�you conceived a house or
tree existing independent and out of all minds whatsoever��

     。 That was I own an oversight�察�but stay�察�let me
consider what led me into it。  It is a pleasant mistake enough。
As I was thinking of a tree in a solitary place�察�where no one was
present to see it�察�methought that was to conceive a tree as
existing unperceived or unthought of�察�not considering that I
myself conceived it all the while。 But now I plainly see that all
I can do is to frame ideas in my own mind。 I may indeed conceive
in my own thoughts the idea of a tree�察�or a house�察�or a mountain��
but that is all。 And this is far from proving that I can conceive
them 。

     。 You acknowledge then that you cannot possibly
conceive how any one corporeal sensible thing should exist
otherwise than in the mind�拭。�201��

     。 I do。

     。 And yet you will earnestly contend for the truth of
that which you cannot so much as conceive��

     。 I profess I know not what to think�察�but still there
are some scruples remain with me。 Is it not certain I  a distance�拭�Do we not perceive the stars and moon�察�for
example�察�to be a great way off�拭�Is not this�察�I say�察�manifest to
the senses��

     。 Do you not in a dream too perceive those or the like
objects��

     。 I do。

     。 And have they not then the same appearance of being
distant��

     。 They have。

     。 But you do not thence conclude the apparitions in a
dream to be without the mind��

     。 By no means。

     。 You ought not therefore to conclude that sensible
objects are without the mind�察�from their appearance�察�or manner
wherein they are perceived。

     。 I acknowledge it。 But doth not my sense deceive me in
those cases��

     。 By no means。 The idea or thing which you immediately
perceive�察�neither sense nor reason informs you that it actually
exists without the mind。 By sense you only know that you are
affected with such certain sensations of light and colours�察�&c。
And these you will not say are without the mind。

     。 True�此�but�察�beside all that�察�do you not think the
sight suggests something of ��

     。 Upon approaching a distant object�察�do the visible
size and figure change perpetually�察�or do they appear the same at
all distances��

     。 They are in a continual change。

     。 Sight therefore doth not suggest�察�or any way inform
you�察�that the visible object you immediately perceive exists at a
distance�察�or will be perceived when you advance farther onward��
there being a continued series of visible objects succeeding each
other during the whole time of your approach。

     。 It doth not�察�but still I know�察�upon seeing an object��
what object I shall perceive after having passed over a certain
distance�此。�202�� no matter whether it be exactly the same or no��
there is still something of distance suggested in the case。

     。 Good Hylas�察�do but reflect a little on the point��
and then tell me whether there be any more in it than this�此�from
the ideas you actually perceive by sight�察�you have by experience
learned to collect what other ideas you will ��according to the
standing order of nature�� be affected with�察�after such a certain
succession of time and motion。

     。 Upon the whole�察�I take it to be nothing else。

     。 Now�察�is it not plain that if we suppose a man born
blind was on a sudden made to see�察�he could at first have no
experience of what may be  by sight��

     。 It is。

     。 He would not then�察�according to you�察�have any notion
of distance annexed to the things he saw�察�but would take them for
a new set of sensations�察�existing only in his mind��

     。 It is undeniable
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