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the eyes of sensible men�察�and soured the waiter�察�while producing no effect 
whatever on the steak。

The result of this consultation with reason ��for which she makes no charge�� 
will be that when once more your steak is over´cooked you will treat the 
waiter as a fellow´creature�察�remain quite calm in a kindly spirit�察�and politely 
insist on having a fresh steak。  The gain will be obvious and solid。

In the formation or modification of principles�察�and the practice of conduct�察�
much help can be derived from printed books ��issued at sixpence each and 
upwards��。  I mentioned in my last chapter Marcus Aurelius and Epictetus。  
Certain even more widely known works will occur at once to the memory。  
I may also mention Pascal�察�La Bruyere�察�and Emerson。  For myself�察�you do 
not catch me travelling without my Marcus Aurelius。  Yes�察�books are 
valuable。  But not reading of books will take the place of a daily�察�candid�察�
honest examination of what one has recently done�察�and what one is about 
to doof a steady looking at one's self in the face ��disconcerting though 
the sight may be��。

When shall this important business be accomplished�拭 �The solitude of the 
evening journey home appears to me to be suitable for it。  A reflective 
mood naturally follows the exertion of having earned the day's living。  
Of course if�察�instead of attending to an elementary and profoundly important 
duty�察�you prefer to read the paper ��which you might just as well read while 
waiting for your dinner�� I have nothing to say。  But attend to it at some time 
of the day you must。  I now come to the evening hours。



                                                  IX

                              INTEREST IN THE ARTS

Many people pursue a regular and uninterrupted course of idleness in 
the evenings because they think that there is no alternative to idleness 
but the study of literature�察�and they do not happen to have a taste for 
literature。  This is a great mistake。

Of course it is impossible�察�or at any rate very difficult�察�properly to study
anything whatever without the aid of printed books。  But if you desire to 
understand the deeper depths of bridge or of boat´sailing you would not 
be deterred by your lack of interest in literature from reading the best 
books on bridge or boat´sailing。  We must�察�therefore�察�distinguish between 
literature�察�and books treating of subjects not literary。  I shall come to 
literature in due course。

Let me now remark to those who have never read Meredith�察�and who are 
capable of being unmoved by a discussion as to whether Mr。 Stephen 
Phillips is or is not a true poet�察�that they are perfectly within their rights。  
It is not a crime not to love literature。  It is not a sign of imbecility。  The
mandarins of literature will order out to instant execution the unfortunate 
individual who does not comprehend�察�say�察�the influence of Wordsworth on 
Tennyson。  But that is only their impudence。  Where would they be�察�I wonder�察�
if requested to explain the influences that went to make Tschaikowsky's 
;Pathetic Symphony;��


There are enormous fields of knowledge quite outside literature which 
will yield magnificent results to cultivators。  For example ��since I have 
just mentioned the most popular piece of high´class music in England 
to´day���察�I am reminded that the Promenade Concerts begin in August。  
You go to them。  You smoke your cigar or cigarette ��and I regret to say
that you strike your matches during the soft bars of the ;Lohengrin; 
overture���察�and you enjoy the music。  But you say you cannot play the 
piano or the fiddle�察�or even the banjo�察�that you know nothing of music。

What does that matter�拭 �That you have a genuine taste for music is 
proved by the fact that�察�in order to fill his hall with you and your peers�察�
the conductor is obliged to provide programmes from which bad music 
is almost entirely excluded ��a change from the old Covent Garden days�。�。

Now surely your inability to perform ;The Maiden's Prayer; on a piano 
need not prevent you from making yourself familiar with the construction 
of the orchestra to which you listen a couple of nights a week during a 
couple of months�  �As things are�察�you probably think of the orchestra as a 
heterogeneous mass of instruments producing a confused agreeable mass 
of sound。  You do not listen for details because you have never trained 
your ears to listen to details。

If you were asked to name the instruments which play the great theme at 
the beginning of the C minor symphony you could not name them for your 
life's sake。  Yet you admire the C minor symphony。  It has thrilled you。  It 
will thrill you again。  You have even talked about it�察�in an expansive mood�察�
to that ladyyou know whom I mean。  And all you can positively state 
about the C minor symphony is that Beethoven composed it and that it is 
a ;jolly fine thing。;

Now�察�if you have read�察�say�察�Mr。 Krehbiel's ;How to Listen to Music; ��which 
can be got at any bookseller's for less than the price of a stall at the Alhambra�察�
and which contains photographs of all the orchestral instruments and plans of 
the arrangement of orchestras�� you would next go to a promenade concert with 
an astonishing intensification of interest in it。  Instead of a confused mass�察�the 
orchestra would appear to you as what it isa marvellously balanced organism 
whose various groups of members each have a different and an indispensable 
function。  You would spy out the instruments�察�and listen for their respective 
sounds。  You would know the gulf that separates a French horn from an English 
horn�察�and you would perceive why a player of the hautboy gets higher wages 
than a fiddler�察�though the fiddle is the more difficult instrument。  You would 
*live* at a promenade concert�察�whereas previously you had merely existed 
there in a state of beatific coma�察�like a baby gazing at a bright object。

The foundations of a genuine�察�systematic knowledge of music might be laid。  
You might specialise your inquiries either on a particular form of music ��such 
as the symphony���察�or on the works of a particular composer。  At the end of a 
year of forty´eight weeks of three brief evenings each�察�combined with a study 
of programmes and attendances at concerts chosen out of your increasing 
knowledge�察�you would really know something about music�察�even though you 
were as far off as ever from jangling ;The Maiden's Prayer; on the piano。

;But I hate music� ─�you say。  My dear sir�察�I respect you。

What applies to music applies to the other arts。  I might mention Mr。 Clermont 
Witt's ;How to Look at Pictures�察─�or Mr。 Russell Sturgis's ;How to Judge 
Architecture�察─�as beginnings ��merely beginnings�� of systematic vitalising 
knowledge in other arts�察�the materials for whose study abound in London。

;I hate all the arts� ─�you say。  My dear sir�察�I respect you more and more。

I will deal with your case next�察�before coming to literature。


                             
                                                   X

                       NOTHING IN LIFE IS HUMDRUM

Art is a great thing。  But it is not the greatest。  The most important of all 
perceptions is the continual perception of cause and effect´in other words�察�
the perception of the continuous development of the universe´in still other 
words�察�the perception of the course of evolution。  When one has thoroughly 
got imbued into one's head the leading truth that nothing happens without a 
cause�察�one grows not only large´minded�察�but large´hearted。

It is hard to have one's watch stolen�察�but one reflects that the thief of the 
watch became a thief from causes of heredity and environment which are 
as interesting as they are scientifically comprehensible�察�and one buys 
another watch�察�if not with joy�察�at any rate with a philosophy that makes 
bitterness impossible。  One loses�察�in the study of cause and effect�察�that 
absurd air which so many people have of being always shocked and pained 
by the curiousness of life。  Such people live amid human nature as if human 
nature were a foreign country full of awful foreign customs。 But�察�having 
reached maturity�察�one ought surely to be ashamed of being a stranger in a 
strange land��

The study of cause and effect�察�while it lessens the painfulness of life�察�adds 
to life's picturesqueness。  The man to whom evolution is but a name looks 
at the sea as a grandiose�察�monotonous spectacle�察�which he can witness in 
August for three shillings third´class return。  The man who is imbued with
the idea of development�察�of continuous cause and effect�察�perceives in the 
sea an element which in the day´before´yesterday of geology was vapour�察�
which yesterday was boiling�察�and which to´morrow will inevitably be ice。

He perceives that a liquid is merely something on its way to be solid�察�and 
he is penetrated by a sense of the tremendous�察�changeful picturesqueness of 
life。  Nothing will afford a more durable satisfaction than the constantly 
cultivated appreciation of this。  It is the end of all science。

Cause and effect are to be found everywhere。  Rents went up in Shepherd's 
Bush。  It was painful and shocking that rents should go up in Shepherd's 
Bush。  But to a certain point we are all scientific students of cause and effect�察�
and there was not a clerk lunching at a Lyons Restaurant who did not scienti´
fically put two and two together and see in the ��once�� Two´penny Tube the 
cause of an excessive demand for wigwams in Shepherd's Bush�察�and in the 
excessive demand for wigwams the cause of the increase in the price of 
wigwams。

;Simple� ─�you say�察�disdainfully。  Everything´the whole complex movement 
of the universe´is as simple as that´when you can sufficiently put two and 
two together。  And�察�my dear sir�察�perhaps you happen to be an estate agent's 
clerk�察�and you hate the arts�察�and you want to foster your immortal soul�察�and 
you can't be interested in your business because it's so humdrum。

Nothing is humdrum。

The tremendous�察�changeful picturesqueness of life is marvellously shown 
in an estate agent's office。  What�  �There was a block of traffic in Oxford 
Street�察�to avoid the block people actually began to travel under the cellars 
and 
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