嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the soul of the indian(喩芦繁岻至)-及6何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



that may be�察�it is an unquestionable fact that the only religious leaders of 

any note who have arisen among the native tribes since the advent of the 

white man�察�the ;Shawnee Prophet; in 1762�察�and the half´breed prophet of 

the ;Ghost Dance; in 1890�察�both founded their claims or prophecies upon 

the Gospel story。       Thus in each case an Indian religious revival or craze�察�

though more or less threatening to the invader�察�was of distinctively alien 

origin。 

     The    Medicine      Lodge    originated     among     the  Algonquin      tribe�察 �and 

extended gradually throughout its branches�察�finally affecting the Sioux of 

the Mississippi Valley�察�and forming a strong bulwark against the work of 

the pioneer missionaries�察�who secured�察�indeed�察�scarcely any converts until 

after the outbreak of 1862�察�when subjection�察�starvation�察�and imprisonment 

turned our broken´hearted people to accept Christianity�察�which seemed to 

offer them the only gleam of kindness or hope。 

     The order was a secret one�察�and in some respects not unlike the Free 

Masons�察�being a union or affiliation of a number of lodges�察�each with its 

distinctive songs and medicines。           Leadership was in order of seniority in 

degrees�察    �which    could    only   be   obtained     by   merit�察  �and   women      were 

admitted to membership upon equal terms�察�with the possibility of attaining 

to the highest honors。 No person might become a member unless his moral 

standing   was   excellent�察  �all   candidates   remained   on   probation   for   one   or 

two     years�察   �and     murderers      and    adulterers     were    expelled。       The 

commandments promulgated by this order were essentially the same as the 

Mosaic Ten�察�so that it exerted a distinct moral influence�察�in addition to its 

ostensible     object�察  �which     was   instruction    in  the   secrets   of   legitimate 

medicine。 

     In   this   society   the   uses   of   all   curative   roots   and   herbs   known   to   us 

were   taught   exhaustively   and   practiced   mainly   by   the   old�察  �the   younger 

members   being   in   training   to   fill   the   places   of   those   who   passed   away。 

My grandmother was a well´known and successful practitioner�察�and both 

my mother and father were members�察�but did not practice。 

     A   medicine   or   ;mystery   feast;   was   not   a   public   affair�察  �as   members 

only were eligible�察�and upon these occasions all the ;medicine bags; and 



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totems of the various lodges were displayed and their peculiar ;medicine 

songs; were sung。         The food was only partaken of by invited guests�察�and 

not    by  the   hosts�察  �or  lodge    making    the   feast。   The    ;Grand     Medicine 

Dance; was given on the occasion of initiating those candidates who had 

finished their probation�察�a sufficient number of whom were designated to 

take the places of those who had died since the last meeting。                   Invitations 

were sent out in the form of small bundles of tobacco。                    Two very large 

teepees were pitched facing one another�察�a hundred feet apart�察�half open�察�

and connected by a roofless hall or colonnade of fresh´cut boughs。                      One 

of these lodges was for the society giving the dance and the novices�察�the 

other was occupied by the ;soldiers�察─�whose duty it was to distribute the 

refreshments�察      �and   to  keep    order    among     the   spectators。     They     were 

selected from among the best and bravest warriors of the tribe。 

     The    preparations     being    complete�察   �and   the   members      of  each   lodge 

garbed     and    painted    according     to  their   rituals�察 �they    entered    the  hall 

separately�察    �in  single    file�察 �led  by   their  oldest    man    or  ;Great    Chief。; 

Standing before the ;Soldiers' Lodge�察─  �facing the setting sun�察�their  chief 

addressed   the   ;Great   Mystery;   directly   in   a   few   words�察  �after   which   all 

extending   the   right   arm   horizontally   from   the   shoulder   with   open   palm�察�

sang   a   short   invocation   in   unison�察  �ending   with   a   deep�此   �E´ho´ho´ho� ─�

This performance�察�which was really impressive�察�was repeated in front of 

the headquarters lodge�察�facing the rising sun�察�after which each lodge took 

its assigned place�察�and the songs and dances followed in regular order。 

     The closing ceremony�察�which was intensely dramatic in its character�察�

was the initiation of the novices�察�who had received their final preparation 

on the night before。        They were now led out in front of the headquarters 

lodge   and placed in a   kneeling   position   upon   a   carpet   of   rich   robes   and 

furs�察�the men upon the right hand�察�stripped and painted black�察�with a round 

spot   of   red   just   over   the   heart�察  �while   the   women�察  �dressed   in   their   best�察�

were   arranged   upon   the   left。    Both   sexes   wore   the   hair   loose�察  �as   if   in 

mourning or expectation of death。             An equal number of grand medicine´ 

men�察�each of whom was especially appointed to one of the novices�察�faced 

them at a distance of half the length of the hall�察�or perhaps fifty feet。 

     After silent prayer�察�each medicine´man in turn addressed himself to his 



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                                  THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



charge�察�exhorting him to observe all the rules of the order under the eye of 

the Mysterious One�察�and instructing him in his duty toward his fellow´man 

and   toward   the   Ruler   of   Life。     All   then   assumed   an   attitude   of   superb 

power   and   dignity�察  �crouching   slightly  as   if   about   to   spring   forward   in   a 

foot´race�察     �and    grasping     their   medicine      bags     firmly    in   both    hands。 

Swinging       their   arms    forward     at  the   same    moment�察     �they   uttered    their 

guttural ;Yo´ho´ho´ho� ─�in perfect unison and with startling effect。                     In the 

midst of a breathless silence�察�they took a step forward�察�then another and 

another�察  �ending   a   rod   or   so   from   the   row   of   kneeling   victims�察  �with   a 

mighty   swing   of   the   sacred   bags   that   would   seem   to   project   all   their 

mystic     power     into   the   bodies    of  the   initiates。   Instantly     they    all  fell 

forward�察�apparently lifeless。 

     With this thrilling climax�察�the drums were vigorously pounded and the 

dance began again with energy。               After a few turns had been taken about 

the prostrate bodies of the new members�察�covering them with fine robes 

and other garments which were later to be distributed as gifts�察�they were 

permitted   to   come   to   life   and   to   join   in   the   final   dance。   The   whole 

performance was clearly symbolic of death and resurrection。 

     While I cannot suppose that this elaborate ritual�察�with its use of public 

and audible prayer�察�of public exhortation or sermon�察�and other Caucasian 

features�察  �was   practiced   before   comparatively   modern   times�察  �there   is   no 

doubt   that   it   was   conscientiously   believed   in   by   its   members�察  �and   for   a 

time   regarded   with   reverence   by   the   people。          But   at   a   later   period   it 

became still further demoralized and fell under suspicion of witchcraft。 

     There   is   no   doubt   that   the   Indian   held   medicine   close   to   spiritual 

things�察�but in this also he has been much misunderstood�察�in fact everything 

that he held sacred is indiscriminately called ;medicine�察─�in the sense of 

mystery or   magic。         As a doctor he was originally very adroit and often 

successful。      He employed only healing bark�察�roots�察�and leaves with whose 

properties he was familiar�察�using them in the form of a distillation or tea 

and     always     singly。     The     stomach      or   internal    bath   was    a   valuable 

discovery   of   his�察  �and   the   vapor   or   Turkish   bath   was   in   general   use。   He 

could set a broken bone with fair success�察�but never practiced surgery in 

any   form。      In   addition    to   all  this�察 �the  medicine´man        possessed      much 



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                                THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



personal   magnetism   and   authority�察  �and   in   his   treatment   often   sought   to 

reestablish     the   equilibrium     of  the   patient   through     mental    or  spiritual 

influencesa sort of primitive psychotherapy。 

     The Sioux word for the healing art is ;wah´pee´yah�察─�which literally 

means      readjusting    or   making     anew。    ;Pay´jee´hoo´tah�察─       �literally   root�察�

means medicine�察�and ;wakan; signifies spirit or mystery。                   Thus the three 

ideas�察�while sometimes associated�察�were carefully distinguished。 

     It is important   to remember that   in the old   days the  ;medicine´man; 

received   no   payment   for   his   services�察  �which   were   of   the   nature   of   an 

honorable function or office。           When the idea of payment and barter was 

introduced among us�察�and valuable presents or fees began to be demanded 

for    treating    the   sick�察  �the   ensuing     greed    and   rivalry    led   to   many 

demoralizing practices�察�and in time to the rise of the modern ;conjurer�察─�

who is generally a fraud and trickster of the grossest kind。                It is fortunate 

that his day is practically over。 

     Ever     seeking    to   establish   spiritual    comradeship       with   the   animal 

creation�察    �the  Indian    adopted     this  or   that  animal    as   his  ;totem�察─    �the 

emblematic device of
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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