嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the dark lady of the sonnets(噴膨佩鮒戦議菜健繁)-及3何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



out    of  character   unless    they  were    offered   to  please   somebody      whom 

Shakespear       desired    to  please�察  �and   who    took    a  motherly     interest   in 

Pembroke。       There is a further temptation in the theory for me。            The most 

charming of all Shakespear's old women�察�indeed the most charming of all 

his women�察�young or old�察�is the Countess of Rousillon in All's Well That 

Ends Well。       It has a certain individuality among them which suggests a 

portrait。    Mr Harris will have it that all Shakespear's nice old women are 

drawn   from   his   beloved   mother�察  �but      I   see   no   evidence   whatever   that 

Shakespear's       mother    was   a   particularly   nice   woman      or  that   he  was 

particularly     fond    of   her。    That    she    was    a  simple    incarnation     of 

extravagant   maternal   pride   like the   mother   of   Coriolanus   in   Plutarch�察  �as 

Mr Harris asserts�察�I cannot believe�此          �she is quite as likely to have borne 

her    son   a  grudge    for  becoming      ;one   of  these   harlotry    players;   and 

disgracing the Ardens。        Anyhow�察�as a conjectural model for the Countess 

of Rousillon�察�I prefer that one of whom Jonson wrote 

            Sidney's     sister�此 �Pembroke's       mother�此          �Death�此    �ere   thou 

has   slain   another�察        �Learnd   and   fair   and   good   as   she�察         �Time 

shall throw a dart at thee。               But Frank will not have her at any price�察�

because his ideal Shakespear is rather like a sailor in a melodrama�察�and a 

sailor in a melodrama must adore his mother。               I do not at all belittle such 

sailors。    They are the emblems of human generosity�察�but Shakespear was 

not   an   emblem�此  �he   was   a   man   and   the   author   of   Hamlet�察  �who   had   no 

illusions about his mother。        In weak moments one almost wishes he had。 



                        Shakespear's Social Standing 



     On the vexed question of Shakespear's social standing Mr Harris says 

that Shakespear ;had not had the advantage of a middle´class training。;                   I 

suggest that Shakespear missed this questionable advantage�察�not because 

he was socially too low to have attained to it�察�but because he conceived 

himself as belonging to the upper class from which our public school boys 



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are    now    drawn。      Let    Mr   Harris    survey    for   a  moment      the   field  of 

contemporary   journalism。          He   will   see   there   some   men   who   have   the 

very characteristics from which he infers that Shakespear was at a social 

disadvantage through his lack of middle´class training。                  They are rowdy�察�

ill´mannered�察  �abusive�察  �mischievous�察  �fond   of   quoting   obscene   schoolboy 

anecdotes�察�adepts   in   that sort of blackmail which   consists   in   mercilessly 

libelling     and   insulting    every    writer    whose     opinions     are   sufficiently 

heterodox to make it almost impossible for him to risk perhaps five years 

of a slender income by an appeal to a prejudiced orthodox jury�察�and they 

see nothing in all this cruel blackguardism but an uproariously jolly rag�察�

although they are by no means without genuine literary ability�察�a love of 

letters�察�and even some artistic conscience。             But he will find not one of the 

models of his type ��I say nothing of mere imitators of it�� below the rank 

that looks at the middle class�察�not humbly and enviously from below�察�but 

insolently   from   above。      Mr   Harris   himself   notes   Shakespear's   contempt 

for the tradesman and mechanic�察�and his incorrigible addiction to smutty 

jokes。    He does us the public service of sweeping away the familiar plea 

of   the   Bardolatrous   ignoramus�察  �that   Shakespear's   coarseness   was   part   of 

the manners of his time�察�putting his pen with precision on the one name�察�

Spenser�察�that is necessary to expose such a libel on Elizabethan decency。 

There was nothing whatever to prevent Shakespear from being as decent 

as More   was before him�察�or   Bunyan   after him�察 �and as self´respecting   as 

Raleigh or Sidney�察�except the tradition of his class�察�in which education or 

statesmanship   may   no   doubt   be   acquired   by   those   who   have   a   turn   for 

them�察  �but   in   which   insolence�察  �derision�察  �profligacy�察  �obscene   jesting�察  �debt 

contracting�察  �and   rowdy   mischievousness�察  �give   continual   scandal   to   the 

pious�察    �serious�察   �industrious�察    �solvent    bourgeois。       No     other    class    is 

infatuated enough to believe that gentlemen are born and not made by a 

very elaborate process of culture。           Even kings are taught and coached and 

drilled   from   their   earliest   boyhood   to   play   their   part。  But   the   man   of 

family   ��I   am   convinced   that   Shakespear   took   that   view   of   himself��   will 

plunge into society without a lesson in table manners�察�into politics without 

a lesson in history�察�into the city without a lesson in business�察�and into the 

army without a lesson in honor。 



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     It has been said�察�with the object of proving Shakespear a laborer�察�that 

he    could   hardly    write   his   name。     Why�拭      �Because      he   ;had   not   the 

advantage       of  a  middle´class      training。;    Shakespear       himself    tells  us�察�

through Hamlet�察�that gentlemen purposely wrote badly lest they should be 

mistaken      for  scriveners�察   �but  most    of  them�察   �then   as  now�察  �wrote    badly 

because   they   could   not   write   any   better。    In   short�察  �the   whole   range   of 

Shakespear's foibles�此       �the snobbishness�察�the naughtiness�察�the contempt for 

tradesmen and mechanics�察�the assumption that witty conversation can only 

mean   smutty   conversation�察  �the   flunkeyism   towards   social   superiors   and 

insolence towards   social   inferiors�察  �the   easy  ways   with   servants   which   is 

seen not only between The Two Gentlemen of Verona and their valets�察�but 

in   the   affection   and   respect   inspired   by   a   great   servant   like Adam�此  �all 

these    are   the  characteristics     of  Eton    and   Harrow�察    �not   of  the   public 

elementary   or   private   adventure   school。   They   prove�察  �as   everything   we 

know about Shakespear suggests�察�that he thought of the Shakespears and 

Ardens as families of consequence�察�and regarded himself as a gentleman 

under   a   cloud   through   his   father's   ill   luck   in   business�察  �and   never   for   a 

moment as a man of the people。              This is at once the explanation of and 

excuse     for  his   snobbery。     He    was   not   a  parvenu     trying   to  cover   his 

humble      origin   with   a  purchased      coat  of   arms�此   �he   was    a  gentleman 

resuming what he conceived to be his natural position as soon as he gained 

the means to keep it up。 



                                 This Side Idolatry 



     There is another matter which I think Mr Harris should ponder。                      He 

says that Shakespear was but ;little esteemed by his own generation。; He 

even describes Jonson's description of his ;little Latin and less Greek; as a 

sneer�察�whereas it occurs in an unmistakably sincere eulogy of Shakespear�察�

written after his death�察�and is clearly meant to heighten the impression of 

Shakespear's   prodigious   natural   endowments   by   pointing   out   that   they 

were not due to scholastic acquirements。 Now there is a sense in which it 

is   true   enough     that  Shakespear      was    too  little  esteemed     by   his   own 

generation�察�or�察�for the matter of that�察�by any subsequent generation。                   The 



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bargees   on   the   Regent's   Canal   do   not   chant   Shakespear's   verses   as   the 

gondoliers in Venice are said to chant the verses of Tasso ��a practice which 

was   suspended   for   some   reason   during   my   stay   in   Venice�此        �at   least   no 

gondolier  ever  did   it   in  my  hearing��。       Shakespear is   no   more  a   popular 

author   than     Rodin   is   a   popular   sculptor   or   Richard   Strauss   a     popular 

composer。       But Shakespear was certainly not such a fool as to expect the 

Toms�察�Dicks�察�and Harrys of his time to be any more interested in dramatic 

poetry than Newton�察�later on�察�expected them to be interested in fluxions。 

And     when     we   come     to  the   question    whether     Shakespear      missed     that 

assurance      which     all  great   men    have    had   from    the   more    capable    and 

susceptible   members   of   their   generation   that   they   were   great   men�察  �Ben 

Jonson's evidence disposes of so improbable a notion at once and for ever。 

;I   loved   the   man�察─  �says   Ben�察   �this   side   idolatry�察  �as   well   as   any。; Now 

why in the name of common sense should he have made that qualification 

unless there   had been�察  �not   only  idolatry�察  �but   idolatry  fulsome   enough   to 

irritate   Jonson   into   an   express   disavowal   of   it�拭  �Jonson�察  �the   bricklayer�察�

must     have    felt  sore   sometimes      when     Shakespear      spoke    and   wrote    of 

bricklayers as his inferiors。         He must have felt it a little hard that being a 

better   scholar�察  �and   perhaps      a   braver   and   tougher   man   physically   than 

Shakespear�察�he was not so successful or so well liked。                  But in spite of this 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��