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the dark lady of the sonnets(噴膨佩鮒戦議菜健繁)-及4何蛍
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Shakespear�察�he was not so successful or so well liked。 But in spite of this
he praised Shakespear to the utmost stretch of his powers of eulogy�此 �in
fact�察 �notwithstanding his disclaimer�察 �he did not stop ;this side idolatry。;
If�察 �therefore�察 �even Jonson felt himself forced to clear himself of
extravagance and absurdity in his appreciation of Shakespear�察�there must
have been many people about who idolized Shakespear as American ladies
idolize Paderewski�察 �and who carried Bardolatry�察 �even in the Bard's own
time�察 �to an extent that threatened to make his reasonable admirers
ridiculous。
Shakespear's Pessimism
I submit to Mr Harris that by ruling out this idolatry�察�and its possible
effect in making Shakespear think that his public would stand anything
from him�察�he has ruled out a far more plausible explanation of the faults of
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such a play as Timon of Athens than his theory that Shakespear's passion
for the Dark Lady ;cankered and took on proud flesh in him�察�and tortured
him to nervous breakdown and madness。; In Timon the intellectual
bankruptcy is obvious enough�此 �Shakespear tried once too often to make
a play out of the cheap pessimism which is thrown into despair by a
comparison of actual human nature with theoretical morality�察 �actual law
and administration with abstract justice�察�and so forth。 But Shakespear's
perception of the fact that all men�察 �judged by the moral standard which
they apply to others and by which they justify their punishment of others�察�
are fools and scoundrels�察�does not date from the Dark Lady complication�此�
he seems to have been born with it。 If in The Comedy of Errors and A
Midsummer Night's Dream the persons of the drama are not quite so ready
for treachery and murder as Laertes and even Hamlet himself ��not to
mention the procession of ruffians who pass through the latest plays�� it is
certainly not because they have any more regard for law or religion。
There is only one place in Shakespear's plays where the sense of shame is
used as a human attribute�察 �and that is where Hamlet is ashamed�察 �not of
anything he himself has done�察�but of his mother's relations with his uncle。
This scene is an unnatural one�此 �the son's reproaches to his mother�察�even
the fact of his being able to discuss the subject with her�察�is more repulsive
than her relations with her deceased husband's brother。
Here�察�too�察�Shakespear betrays for once his religious sense by making
Hamlet�察�in his agony of shame�察�declare that his mother's conduct makes
;sweet religion a rhapsody of words。; But for that passage we might
almost suppose that the feeling of Sunday morning in the country which
Orlando describes so perfectly in As You Like It was the beginning and
end of Shakespear's notion of religion。 I say almost�察�because Isabella in
Measure for Measure has religious charm�察 �in spite of the conventional
theatrical assumption that female religion means an inhumanly ferocious
chastity。 But for the most part Shakespear differentiates his heroes from
his villains much more by what they do than by what they are。 Don John
in Much Ado is a true villain�此 �a man with a malicious will�察�but he is too
dull a duffer to be of any use in a leading part�察�and when we come to the
great villains like Macbeth�察�we find�察�as Mr Harris points out�察�that they are
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precisely identical with the heroes�此 �Macbeth is only Hamlet
incongruously committing murders and engaging in hand´to´hand combats。
And Hamlet�察�who does not dream of apologizing for the three murders he
commits�察�is always apologizing because he has not yet committed a fourth�察�
and finds�察�to his great bewilderment�察�that he does not want to commit it。
;It cannot be�察─ �he says�察 �but I am pigeon´livered�察 �and lack gall to make
oppression bitter�察 �else�察 �ere this�察 �I should have fatted all the region kites
with this slave's offal。; Really one is tempted to suspect that when
Shylock asks ;Hates any man the thing he would not kill�拭─ �he is
expressing the natural and proper sentiments of the human race as
Shakespear understood them�察�and not the vindictiveness of a stage Jew。
Gaiety of Genius
In view of these facts�察�it is dangerous to cite Shakespear's pessimism
as evidence of the despair of a heart broken by the Dark Lady。 There is
an irrepressible gaiety of genius which enables it to bear the whole weight
of the world's misery without blenching。 There is a laugh always ready
to avenge its tears of discouragement。 In the lines which Mr Harris
quotes only to declare that he can make nothing of them�察�and to condemn
them as out of character�察 �Richard III�察 �immediately after pitying himself
because
There is no creature loves me And if I die no soul will
pity me�察 �adds�察�with a grin�察�
Nay�察 �wherefore should they�察 �since that I myself Find in
myself no pity for myself�拭 �Let me again remind Mr Harris of
Oscar Wilde。 We all dreaded to read De Profundis�此 �our instinct was to
stop our ears�察�or run away from the wail of a broken�察�though by no means
contrite�察�heart。 But we were throwing away our pity。 De Profundis was
de profundis indeed�此 �Wilde was too good a dramatist to throw away so
powerful an effect�察 �but none the less it was de profundis in excelsis。
There was more laughter between the lines of that book than in a thousand
farces by men of no genius。 Wilde�察�like Richard and Shakespear�察�found
in himself no pity for himself。 There is nothing that marks the born
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dramatist more unmistakably than this discovery of comedy in his own
misfortunes almost in proportion to the pathos with which the ordinary
man announces their tragedy。 I cannot for the life of me see the broken
heart in Shakespear's latest works。 ;Hark�察�hark� �the lark at heaven's gate
sings; is not the lyric of a broken man�察 �nor is Cloten's comment that if
Imogen does not appreciate it�察 �it is a vice in her ears which horse hairs�察�
and cats' guts�察 �and the voice of unpaved eunuch to boot�察 �can never
amend�察─�the sally of a saddened one。 Is it not clear that to the last there
was in Shakespear an incorrigible divine levity�察�an inexhaustible joy that
derided sorrow�拭 �Think of the poor Dark Lady having to stand up to this
unbearable power of extracting a grim fun from everything。 Mr Harris
writes as if Shakespear did all the suffering and the Dark Lady all the
cruelty。 But why does he not put himself in the Dark Lady's place for a
moment as he has put himself so successfully in Shakespear's�拭 �Imagine
her reading the hundred and thirtieth sonnet� �
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun�察 �Coral is far
more red than her lips' red�察 �If snow be white�察�why then her breasts
are dun�察 �If hairs be wire�察 �black wires grow on her head�察 �I
have seen roses damasked�察�red and white�察 �But no such roses see I in
her cheeks�察 �And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks。 I love to hear her
speak�察�yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound。
I grant I never saw a goddess go�此 �My mistress�察 �when she walks�察�
treads on the ground。 And yet�察�by heaven�察�I think my love as
rare As any she belied with false compare。 Take this
as a sample of the sort of compliment from which she was never for a
moment safe with Shakespear。 Bear in mind that she was not a comedian�察�
that the Elizabethan fashion of treating brunettes as ugly woman must
have made her rather sore on the subject of her complexion�察�that no human
being�察�male or female�察�can conceivably enjoy being chaffed on that point
in the fourth couplet about the perfumes�察�that Shakespear's revulsions�察�as
the sonnet immediately preceding shews�察�were as violent as his ardors�察�and
were expressed with the realistic power and horror that makes Hamlet say
that the heavens got sick when they saw the queen's conduct�察�and then ask
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Mr Harris whether any woman could have stood it for long�察 �or have
t
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