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the dark lady of the sonnets(噴膨佩鮒戦議菜健繁)-及6何蛍
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suppress it because it proves that Shakespear was not only very unlike the
conception of a god current in Clapham�察 �but was not�察 �according to the
same reckoning�察�even a respectable man。 The academic view starts with
a Shakespear who was not scurrilous�察 �therefore the verses about ;lousy
Lucy; cannot have been written by him�察�and the cognate passages in the
plays are either strokes of character´drawing or gags interpolated by the
actors。 This ideal Shakespear was too well behaved to get drunk�察�
therefore the tradition that his death was hastened by a drinking bout with
Jonson and Drayton must be rejected�察�and the remorse of Cassio treated as
a thing observed�察 �not experienced�此 �nay�察 �the disgust of Hamlet at the
drinking customs of Denmark is taken to establish Shakespear as the
superior of Alexander in self´control�察�and the greatest of teetotallers。
Now this system of inventing your great man to start with�察�and then
rejecting all the materials that do not fit him�察�with the ridiculous result that
you have to declare that there are no materials at all ��with your waste´
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paper basket full of them���察�ends in leaving Shakespear with a much worse
character than he deserves。 For though it does not greatly matter whether
he wrote the lousy Lucy lines or not�察 �and does not really matter at all
whether he got drunk when he made a night of it with Jonson and Drayton�察�
the sonnets raise an unpleasant question which does matter a good deal�察�
and the refusal of the academic Bardolaters to discuss or even mention this
question has had the effect of producing a silent verdict against
Shakespear。 Mr Harris tackles the question openly�察�and has no difficulty
whatever in convincing us that Shakespear was a man of normal
constitution sexually�察 �and was not the victim of that most cruel and
pitiable of all the freaks of nature�此 �the freak which transposes the normal
aim of the affections。 Silence on this point means condemnation�察�and the
condemnation has been general throughout the present generation�察�though
it only needed Mr Harris's fearless handling of the matter to sweep away
what is nothing but a morbid and very disagreeable modern fashion。
There is always some stock accusation brought against eminent persons。
When I was a boy every well´known man was accused of beating his wife。
Later on�察 �for some unexplained reason�察 �he was accused of psychopathic
derangement。 And this fashion is retrospective。 The cases of
Shakespear and Michel Angelo are cited as proving that every genius of
the first magnitude was a sufferer�察�and both here and in Germany there are
circles in which such derangement is grotesquely reverenced as part of the
stigmata of heroic powers。 All of which is gross nonsense。 Unfortunately�察�
in Shakespear's case�察�prudery�察�which cannot prevent the accusation from
being whispered�察 �does prevent the refutation from being shouted。 Mr
Harris�察�the deep´voiced�察�refuses to be silenced。 He dismisses with proper
contempt the stupidity which places an outrageous construction on
Shakespear's apologies in the sonnets for neglecting that ;perfect
ceremony; of love which consists in returning calls and making
protestations and giving presents and paying the trumpery attentions
which men of genius always refuse to bother about�察�and to which touchy
people who have no genius attach so much importance。 No leader who
had not been tampered with by the psychopathic monomaniacs could ever
put any construction but the obvious and innocent one on these passages。
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But the general vocabulary of the sonnets to Pembroke ��or whoever ;Mr
W。 H。; really was�� is so overcharged according to modern ideas that a
reply on the general case is necessary。
Shakespear's alleged Sycophancy and Perversion
That reply�察�which Mr Harris does not hesitate to give�察�is twofold�此�first�察�
that Shakespear was�察 �in his attitude towards earls�察 �a sycophant�察 �and�察�
second�察�that the normality of Shakespear's sexual constitution is only too
well attested by the excessive susceptibility to the normal impulse shewn
in the whole mass of his writings。 This latter is the really conclusive
reply。 In the case of Michel Angelo�察�for instance�察�one must admit that if
his works are set beside those of Titian or Paul Veronese�察�it is impossible
not to be struck by the absence in the Florentine of that susceptibility to
feminine charm which pervades the pictures of the Venetians。 But�察�as Mr
Harris points out ��though he does not use this particular illustration�� Paul
Veronese is an anchorite compared to Shakespear。 The language of the
sonnets addressed to Pembroke�察 �extravagant as it now seems�察 �is the
language of compliment and fashion�察 �transfigured no doubt by
Shakespear's verbal magic�察�and hyperbolical�察�as Shakespear always seems
to people who cannot conceive so vividly as he�察�but still unmistakable for
anything else than the expression of a friendship delicate enough to be
wounded�察 �and a manly loyalty deep enough to be outraged。 But the
language of the sonnets to the Dark Lady is the language of passion�此�
their cruelty shews it。 There is no evidence that Shakespear was capable
of being unkind in cold blood。 But in his revulsions from love�察�he was
bitter�察 �wounding�察 �even ferocious�察 �sparing neither himself nor the
unfortunate woman whose only offence was that she had reduced the great
man to the common human denominator。
In seizing on these two points Mr Harris has made so sure a stroke�察�
and placed his evidence so featly that there is nothing left for me to do but
to plead that the second is sounder than the first�察�which is�察�I think�察�marked
by the prevalent mistake as to Shakespear's social position�察 �or�察 �if you
prefer it�察 �the confusion between his actual social position as a penniless
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tradesman's son taking to the theatre for a livelihood�察 �and his own
conception of himself as a gentleman of good family。 I am prepared to
contend that though Shakespear was undoubtedly sentimental in his
expressions of devotion to Mr W。 H。 even to a point which nowadays
makes both ridiculous�察 �he was not sycophantic if Mr W。 H。 was really
attractive and promising�察 �and Shakespear deeply attached to him。 A
sycophant does not tell his patron that his fame will survive�察 �not in the
renown of his own actions�察 �but in the sonnets of his sycophant。 A
sycophant�察�when his patron cuts him out in a love affair�察�does not tell his
patron exactly what he thinks of him。 Above all�察�a sycophant does not
write to his patron precisely as he feels on all occasions�察�and this rare kind
of sincerity is all over the sonnets。 Shakespear�察�we are told�察�was ;a very
civil gentleman。; This must mean that his desire to please people and be
liked by them�察 �and his reluctance to hurt their feelings�察 �led him into
amiable flattery even when his feelings were not strongly stirred。 If this
be taken into account along with the fact that Shakespear conceived and
expressed all his emotions with a vehemence that sometimes carried him
into ludicrous extravagance�察�making Richard offer his kingdom for a horse
and Othello declare of Cassio that
Had all his hairs been lives�察 �my great revenge Had
stomach for them all�察 �we shall see more civility and hyperbole
than sycophancy even in the earlier and more coldblooded sonnets。
Shakespear and Democracy
Now take the general case pled against Shakespear as an enemy of
democracy by Tolstoy�察�the late Ernest Crosbie and others�察�and endorsed by
Mr Harris。 Will it really stand fire�拭 �Mr Harris emphasizes the passages
in which Shakespear spoke of mechanics and even of small master
tradesmen as base persons whose clothes were greasy�察�whose breath was
rank�察�and whose political imbecility and caprice moved Coriolanus to say
to the Roman Radical who demanded at least ;good words; from him
He that will give good words to thee will flatter Beneath
abhorring。 But let us be honest。 As political sentiments these
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lines are an abomination to every democrat。 But suppose they are not
po
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