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栽怩弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

hiero(錬櫛袋)-及6何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



perilous to achieve than are the pettier ambitions of lesser men。 

     And     hence   it   is�察 �moreover�察  �that   you     will   find   but   few��14�А    �private 

persons   paupers   by   comparison   with   the   large   number   of   tyrants   who 

deserve   the   title�撮�15�А  �since   the   criterion   of   enough�察  �or   too   much�察  �is   not 

fixed by mere arithmetic�察�but relatively to the needs of the individual。��16�А�

In other words�察�whatever exceeds sufficiency is much�察�and what falls short 

of that is little。��17�А�

     ��14�А   �Reading      as  vulg。    ��alla   mentoi     kai  penetas     opsei    oukh    outos 

oligous ton idioton os pollous ton turannon��。 Lit。 ;however that                            may 

be�察 �you   will   see   not   so few   private persons   in  a   state   of          penury  as 

many   despots。;   Breitenbach   del。   ��oukh���察  �and   transl。�察                �Daher   weist 

du auch in dem Masse wenige Arme unter den Privat´                              leuten finden�察�

als   viele    unter   den   Tyrannen。;       Stob。�察  。�penetas           opsei    oligous     ton 

idioton�察 �pollous   de   ton   turannon��。   Stob。   MS。              Par。�察  。�alla   mentoi   kai 

plousious   opsei   oukh   outos   oligous   ton              idioton   os   penetas   pollous 

ton turannon��。 See Holden ad loc。 and                     crit。 n。 

     ��15�А�Cf。 ;Mem。; IV。 ii。 37。 

     ��16�А�Or�察 �not by the number of things we have�察�but in reference to the 

use we make of them。; Cf。 ;Anab。; VII。 vii。 36。 

     ��17�А �Dr。  Holden   aptly  cf。 Addison�察   �The   Spectator�察─  �No。  574�察 �on   the 

text ;Non possidentem multa vocaveris recte beatum 。 。 。; 

     And on this principle the tyrant�察�with his multiplicity of goods�察�is less 

well provided to   meet   necessary  expenses than the   private   person�察 �since 

the latter can always cut down his expenditure to suit his daily needs in 

any  way  he   chooses�察  �but the  tyrant   cannot do so�察�seeing   that   the  largest 

expenses   of   a   monarch   are   also   the   most   necessary�察  �being   devoted   to 

various   methods   of   safeguarding   his   life�察  �and   to   cut   down   any   of   them 



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would be little less than suicidal。��18�А�

     ��18�А�Or�察 �and to curtail these would seem to be self´slaughter。; 

     Or�察�to put it differently�察�why should any one expend compassion on a 

man�察�as if he were a beggar�察�who has it in his power to satisfy by just and 

honest means his every need�殖�19�А�Surely it would be more appropriate to 

call   that   man   a   wretched   starveling   beggar   rather�察  �who   through   lack   of 

means is driven to live by ugly shifts and base contrivances。 

     ��19�А  �i。e。   ;to   expend   compassion   on   a   man   who�察  �etc。�察  �were   surely   a 

pathetic fallacy。; Al。 ;Is not the man who has it in his power�察                   �etc。�察�far 

above being pitied�拭─�

     Now it is your tyrant who is perpetually driven to iniquitous spoilation 

of temples and human beings�察�through chronic need of money wherewith 

to meet inevitable expenses�察�since he is forced to feed and support an army 

��even in times of peace�� no less than if there were actual war�察�or else he 

signs his own death´warrant。��20�А�

     ��20�А �A  daily�察 �hourly constraint   is   laid upon him  to support   an   army 

as in war time�察�orwrite his epitaph� ─�



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                                               V 



     But   there   is   yet   another   sore   affliction   to   which   the   tyrant   is   liable�察�

Sinmonides�察  �which   I   will   name   to   you。   It   is   this。   Tyrants   no   less   than 

ordinary  mortals can distinguish merit。 The orderly�撮�1�А�the wise�察�the  just 

and upright�察�they freely recognise�察�but instead of admiring them�察�they are 

afraid of themthe courageous�察�lest they should venture something for the 

sake  of   freedom�察  �the   wise�察 �lest   they  invent   some   subtle   mischief�撮�2�А  �the 

just and upright�察�lest the multitude should take a fancy to be led by them。 

     ��1�А�The same epithets occur in Aristoph。 ;Plut。; 89�此�

                 ��ego gar on meirakion epeiles' oti                      os tous dikaious 

kai sophous kai kosmious                      monous badioimen。�� 

           Stob。 gives for ��kasmious�� ��alkimous��。 

     ��2�А  �Or�察   �for  fear   of  machinations。;      But   the  word    is  suggestive    of 

mechanical       inventions     also�察  �like  those    of  Archimedes       in  connection 

with a later Hiero ��see Plut。 ;Marcel。; xv。 foll。���察�or of                 Lionardo�察�or of 

Michael Angelo ��Symonds�察 �Renaissance in Italy�察─                        �The Fine Arts�察─�

pp。 315�察�393��。 

     And when he has secretly and silently made away with all such people 

through terror�察�whom has he to fall back upon to be of use to him�察�save 

only the unjust�察�the incontinent�察�and the slavish´natured�殖�3�А�Of these�察�the 

unjust   can   be   trusted   as   sharing   the   tyrant's   terror   lest   the   cities   should 

some      day   win    their  freedom     and    lay  strong    hands    upon    them�察   �the 

incontinent�察�as satisfied with momentary license�察�and the slavish´natured�察�

for the simple reason that they have not themselves the slightest aspiration 

after freedom。��4�А�

     ��3�А�Or�察 �the dishonest�察�the lascivious�察�and the servile。; 

     ��4�А   �They   have   no   aspiration   even   to   be   free�察─   �they   are   content   to 

wallow      in  the   slough    of  despond。;     The   ��adikoi��     ��unjust��   correspond 

to the ��dikaioi�� ��just���察。�akrateis�� ��incontinent�� to the ��sophoi��                    ��wise�� 

��Breit。    cf。  ;Mem。;      III。  ix。  4�察 。�sophian     de  kai   sophrosunen             ou 

diorizen�����察  。�andrapododeis��   ��servile��   to   the   ��kasmioi���察              。�andreioi�� 



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��orderly�察�courageous��。 

     This�察�then�察�I say�察�appears to me a sore affliction�察�that we should look 

upon the one set as good men�察�and yet be forced to lean upon the other。 

     And further�察�even a tyrant cannot but be something of a patriota lover 

of that state�察�without which he can neither hope for safety nor prosperity。 

On the other hand�察�his tyrrany�察�the exigencies of despotic rule�察�compel him 

to incriminate his fatherland。��5�А�To train his citizens to soldiery�察�to render 

them brave warriors�察�and well armed�察�confers no pleasure on him�察�rather 

he will take delight to make his foreigners more formidable than those to 

whom   the   state   belongs�察  �and   these   foreigners   he   will   depend   on   as   his 

body´guard。 

     ��5�А   �Or�察  �depreciate      the  land    which    gave    him    birth。;   Holden     cf。 

;Cyrop。; VII。 ii。 22。 See Sturz�察�s。v。 

     Nay more�察�not even in the years of plenty�撮�6�А�when abundance of all 

blessings   reigns�察  �not   even   then   may   the   tyrant's   heart   rejoice   amid   the 

general joy�察�for the greater the indigence of the community the humbler he 

will find them�此�that is his theory。 

     ��6�А   �In   good   seasons�察─   �seasons   of   prosperity。;   Cf。 Aristot。   ;Pol。;   v。 

6。 17。 



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                                              VI 



     He   continued�此  �I   desire   to   make   known   to   you�察  �Simonides�撮�1�А  �those 

divers pleasures which were mine whilst I was still a private citizen�察�but of 

which   to´day�察  �nay�察  �from   the   moment   I   became   a   tyrant�察  �I   find   myself 

deprived。   In   those   days   I   consorted   with   my  friends   and   fellows�察  �to   our 

mutual   delectation�撮�2�А �or�察  �if   I   craved   for   quietude�撮�3�А �I   chose   myself   for 

my companion。 Gaily the hours flitted at our drinking´parties�察�ofttimes till 

we had drowned such cares and troubles as are common to the life of man 

in Lethe's bowl�撮�4�А�or ofttimes till we had steeped our souls in song and 

dance��5�А  �and   revelry�察  �ofttimes   till   the   flame   of   passion   kindled   in   the 

breasts    of   my   companions       and   my   own。��6�А    �But   now�察  �welladay�察   �I  am 

deprived of those who took delight in me�察�because I have slaves instead of 

friends as my companions�察�I am robbed of my once delightful intercourse 

with them�察�because I discern no vestige of goodwill towards me in their 

looks。 And as to the wine´cup and slumberthese I guard against�察�even as 

a man might guard against an ambuscade。 Think only� �to dread a crowd�察�to 

dread solitude�察�to dread the absence of a guard�察�to dread the very guards 

that guard�察�to shrink from having those about one's self unarmed�察�and yet 

to    hate   the   sight   of   armed     attendants。    Can    you    conceive     a  more 

troublesome        circumstance�殖�7�А      �But    that   is   not   all。  To    place   more 

confidence   in   foreigners   than   in   your   fellow´citizens�察  �nay�察  �in   barbarians 

than in Hellenes�察�to be consumed with a desire to keep freemen slaves and 

yet to be driven�察�will he nill he�察�to make slaves free�察�are not all these the 

symptoms of a mind distracted and amazed with terror�拭�

     ��1�А�Or�察 �I wish I could disclose to you ��he added�� those heart´easing 

joys。; For ��euphrosunas�� cf。 ;Od。; vi。 156�察�Aesch。 ;P。 V。; 540�察                       �Eur。 

;Bacch。; 376。 A favourite   word   with our   author�察�see   ;Ages。;                   ix。  4�察�

;Cyrop。; passim�察 �Mem。; III。 viii。 10�察 �Econ。; ix。 12。                ��2�А�Lit。 ;delighting 

I in them and they in me。; 

     ��3�А�Or�察 �when I sought tranquility I was my own
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��